高中英语连词讲解教案,高中英语连词知识点总结

1、连 词 定义：连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。分类：根据在句中所起的作用，连词主要可分为并列连词和从属连词两类。并列连词：连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子的连词叫作并列连词。 根据意义，它又可分为表示联合、转折、选择和因果等四种关系的连词。一、表示联合关系的并列连词表示联合关系的并列连词有：and, bothand, neithernor, not onlybut also, as well as(除外也)等。eg: I am a teacher and he is a doctor.He has both experience and k

2、nowledge.Neither I nor he has seen the film.He has experience as well as knowledge.He has not only experience but also knowledge.二、表示转折关系的并列连词 表示转折关系的并列连词有but, while(然而), yet(可是), however(然而，但是)，nevertheless(然而，不过)等。eg: I am sorry, but I wont be able to come tonight. I am willing, yet unable. 我心有余而力

3、不足。He is short, while his younger brother is tall.He worked hard. However, he failed. 他很努力，然而还是失败了（however可置于句首、句中或句末）另外：副词still也能表示转折关系The pain was bad, still he did not complain.虽然疼得厉害，可是他没有呻吟。三、表示选择关系的并列连词 表示选择关系的并列连词有or(或), or else(否则), eitheror(或或，不是就是)。eg: John or I am to blame(责备).Seize the c

4、hance, or else you will regret it. (or else常置于祈使句后面)You can either stay at home or go fishing.另外：副词otherwise, rather than也能表示选择关系Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.He went rather than stay as an unwelcome guest.四、表示因果关系的并列连词表示因果关系的并列连词有so, for等。eg: It was late, so I went home. It is morn

5、ing, for the birds are singing.另外：副词then(那么，因而), thus(因此), therefore(因此，所以)常放在句首表示因果关系。 He was busy, therefore he could not come. He studied hard, thus he got a full mark.从属连词：用来连接主句和从句的连词叫从属连词。从属连词可分为引导名词性从句的从属连词和引导状语从句的从属连词两类。引导名词性从句的从属连词引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词that, whether和if,这些连接词在句子当中不充当任何句子成分；连接代词主要有

6、who, whom, whose, which, what等，它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等；连接副词主要有when, where, why, how等，它们在句中作状语。Who will attend the meeting hasnt decided yet.We know (that) the earth goes around the sun.I wonder if he has received my e-mail.That is why he didnt come to school.The news that our team had won was very exciting

7、.引导状语从句的从属连词一、引导时间状语从句的从属连词 when, while, as, after, before, since, till/untill, once, as soon as, the moment/instant, no sooner.than., hardly. when.等eg: Once you begin, you must go on. When it rains. I go to school by bus. Hardly had we finished the work when it began to rain.二、引导地点状语从句的从属连词 where,

8、wherever等eg: Where there is a will, there is a way. Wherever she may be, she will be happy.三、引导原因状语从句的从属连词 as, since, because等eg: He didnt go to school because he was ill.Since everybody is here, lets begin.四、引导结果状语从句的从属连词so.that/such.that(如此.以致), so(结果)，that(以致), so that(结果) 等eg: He is such good st

9、udent that we all like him.It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze. 五、引导条件状语从句的从属连词 if, unless, so/as long as, in case(如果，万一) 等eg: He will not come unless he is invited.You will be late for the class if you dont hurry.六、引导目的状语从句的从属连词so(以便), so that(为了), in order that(为了), less、in case(

10、以防，免得) 等eg: She took medicine on time in order that she might get well soon.七、引导让步状语从句的从属连词though/although, as(虽然), even if/even though(即使), however, whatever, whoever, no matter how/what/which 等eg: Old as he is, he still works hard.Though he is old, he still works hard.Even if you were here yesterd

11、ay, you couldnt help him.八、引导方式状语从句的从属连词as(正如), as if/as though(好像，似乎) 等eg: The man carried the box away as he was told.He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.九、引导比较状语从句的从属连词as(如), as.as. , not so/as.as. ,than等eg: He works harder than before. His elder brother is as tall as his mother.并列连词与并列

12、结构 一、and 判断改错： (错) They sat down and talk about something. (错) They started to dance and sang. (错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. (对) They sat down and talked about something. (对) They started to dance and sing. (对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析： 第一句： and 连接两个并

13、列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。 第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为 sing。 第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法） Make up your mind, and youll get the chance. = If you make up your mind, youll get the chance. One more effort, and youll succeed

14、. = If you make one more effort, youll succeed.二、比较and和or 1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。典型例题-I dont like chicken _ fish.-I dont like chicken, _ I lik

15、e fish very much.A. and； and B. and； butC. or； butD. or；and答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。判断改错：(错) We will die without air and water.(错) We cant live without air or water.(对) We will die without air or water.(对) We cant live without air and water.三、表示转折或对比 but表示转折，while表示对比Some people love cats, while othe

16、rs hate them.典型例题- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, _ Im too busy.A. and B. so C. as D. but答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and， 结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。注意： although不与 but连用，但可以与yet、still连用。 (错) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work. wowork. (对) Although he was weak, yet

17、/still he tried his best to do the ddo the work.附录资料：高中英语代 词知识点教案定义: 为了避免重复而用来代替名词的词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自(反)身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。一、人称代词是表示我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： 数 单数 复数 格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 Ime weus 第二人称 youyou youyou he him they them 第三人称 sh

18、eher they them it it they them 如：He is my friend.他是我的朋友。It is me.是我。人称代词的用法:人称代词主格在句中作主语、宾格在句中作宾语。如: They are playing football on the playground.Our teacher told us an interesting story.说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。说话人出于感情用h

19、e/she来代替国家、船只、动物等。(拟人)如: China is no longer what she used to be.She is a fine ship.Be careful of that dog. He sometimes bites.3、 we/you/they有时用来代替一般的人如: They say that Mr. Brown is very rich.据说布郎先生很有钱。You/We should keep quiet in the library.在图书馆应保持安静。4、人称代词it的特殊用法代替小孩和婴儿如: Look at that poor little ch

20、ild. It has just fallen down.作形式主语或形式宾语如: It is necessary to buy that dictionary. I consider it important to ask him for advice.打电话时用于指人如: Hello. It is Mary.用作主语指时间、距离、天气等如: It is five oclock. It is fine today.用在强调句型中如: It is Mary who helped you yesterday.It is a dictionary that I received yesterday

21、.人称代词的排列顺序 1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为： 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称you he/she;it - I You, he and I should return on time. 2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为： 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称weyou They注意： 在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。a. 在承认错误，承担责任时， 如：It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称， 如：I an 如：I and you try to finish it.

22、c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时， d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表：数单数 复数 人称 第一第二第三 第一第二 第三人称 人称人称 人称人称 人称 形容词性物主代词myyourhis/her/its our your their/its名 词 性 物主代词mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs/its如： I like his car.我喜欢他的小汽车。Our school is here，and theirs

23、is there. 我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。 说明：名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 如：The watch is mine(= my watch).三、 指示代词表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。如： That is a good idea.那是个好主意。this，these表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物，that, those 表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。如： This is my desk and that is yours.They are busy preparing for the En

24、glish test these days.In those days they couldnt go to school.this常指后面要讲的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。如： I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. He hurt his leg yesterday. That is why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提到过的名词，其后通常接of短语作定语。如： The weather o

25、f Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.说明1： 指示代词this/that在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人） (对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。 （this作限定词） （this作限定词）(错)He is going to marry this.（this作宾语时不能指人）(

26、对)I bought this.我买这个。 (this指物，可作宾语)说明2： That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）(错) He admired that who danced well.（that作宾语时不能指人）(对) He admired those who danced

27、 well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）四、 表示 我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己和他们自己等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为反身代词。如： She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。 反身代词的用法:反身代词可以在句中作宾语，含有“自己”的意思，但在汉语中有时不一定要把“自己”译出来。如： He can look after himself.他能照顾他自己。They enjoyed themselves at Disn

28、eyland.他们在迪斯尼乐园玩得很开心。反身代词可以在句中作同位语，起强调作用，置于名词、代词的后面或句末，表示“自己”、 “亲自”的意思。如： I myself did all the work. She opened the door herself.反身代词还可以构成某些惯用语如： (all) by oneself 独自地；一人地of oneself 自动地，自然而然地五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other(指两者之间) 和one another(指三者或三者以上之间)两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。如： They love each other.他们彼此相爱

29、。 The three men distrusted one another.这三个人互不信任。六、 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）如： Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。 1） 用来构成疑问句。指人： who, whom, whose指物： what既可指人又可指物： which2） which 和 what 所指的范围不同：what所指的范围是无限 的，的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如： eg:Which teachers do y

30、ou like best? 你喜欢哪几个老师？ eg: What teachers do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的老师？3） what一般用来指物，指人时通常用来询问职业或身份；而 who多用来询问姓名或血缘关系等。 eg: -What is he? -He is a lawyer. -Who is he? -He is Tom/my father.七、 关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导定语从句的关联词。它们代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。如： He is the man whom you have

31、 been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。八、 没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词,常用的不定代词如下: all, any, another, both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither, one, other, some以及由 some, any, no, every 和 body, one, thing 构成的复合词。some和any的用法一般用法some, any（一些）可与复数可数名词或不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否

32、定句、疑问句或条件句中。He has some Chinese paintings.Some like sports, others like music.Ask me if you have any questions.Do you have any questions to ask me?I dont know any of the students.特殊用法some用在单数可数名词前，表示某一You will be sorry for this some day.总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中，表示期望对方作出肯定回答，如：Would you like s

33、ome bananas?Could you lend me some money?any用于肯定句表示任何的意思You may take any of them.Any child can do that.some, any在句中还可作状语，此时它们为副词。some意为大约，相当于“about”，而any则表示程度，意为稍微、丝毫。There are some 3,000 workers working in the factory.Do you feel any better today?2、many, much many，much都意为许多， many + 可数名词，much + 不 可数

34、名词可数名词。 How many people are there at the meeting? How much time has we left? Many of the workers were at the meeting. Much of the time was spent on learning. 3、few, little, a few, a little (a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点few / little为否定含义，没有多少了。He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。典型例题:Although he s wealthy，he spen