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1、1390国开电大本科人文英语4历年期末考试(第三大题阅读选择题)题库(排序考试版)说明:根据试题首字母音序査找试题及答案。短文ALTERNATIVE LEGAL BILLING -WIN STRATEGIES内部资料Hourly billing is the best way to be charged for legal services. About 95 percent of lawyers still perforin their legal work on an hourly basis. If you want something better than the old bill
2、by the hour deal, try presenting one of these billing structures.PROJECT BILLING FOR ROUTINE ISSUESIf your legal needs include large but repetitive tasks, consider a flat-fee approach. Once you get a project billing estimate, dont hesitate to shop around to compare prices and services wi th other la
3、w firms. A firm may provide a better deal if it expects future work from your company. RESULTS-ORIENTED OPTIONSPay-according-to-success is one choice. It considers fees based on the outcome of the case and the performance of your counsel. Contingency fees turn the matter into a shared risk or shared
4、 encouragement, making the law firm your business partner* not just representation. MULTI-LAYERED TASKSIf you, re shopping for a firm for actual legal work involving a number of legal specialties, consider using blended hourly fees. The firm calculates in advance an average rate based on the anticip
5、ated time each lawyer spends on the matter.This arrangement helps the client to avoid paying a senior partners hourly rate for research that should be conducted by a junior associate.Legal InsuranceThe contract fee allows the client to pick up the phone and talk to the lawyer without needing to eye
6、the clock.This approach works like a legal insurance policy. It encourages companies to contact their counsel on non-litigation, non-crisis matters, and to save money in the long run by engaging in more preventive legal action.is the best way to be charged for legal services. 答案B. Hourly billingA fl
7、at-fee approach .答案A. is suitable for repetitive tasksmake the law firm share your risk and encouragement. 答案C. Contingency feesLegal work involving a number of legal specialties should consider using . 答案A. blended hourly feesYou have to eye the clock when you talk to the lawyer when you choose . 答
8、案B. the old bill by the hour deal附: 替代性法律计费一获胜策略按小时计费是收取法律服务费用的最佳方式。大约95%的律师仍按小时执行法律工作。如果您想要 比按小时计费的旧账单更好的服务,请尝试提供其中一种计费结构。日常问题的项目计费如果您的法律需求包括大型但重复性的工作,请考虑采用固定费用的方法。一旦您获得项目计费估 算,请不要犹豫,货比三家,与其他律师事务所比较价格和服务。如果有的话,律师事务所可能会提供 更好的交易它期待贵公司的未来工作。以结果为导向的选择按成功付费是一种选择。它根据案件的结果和您的律师的表现来考虑费用。应急费用将此事转化为 共同风险或共同鼓
9、励,使律师事务所成为您的商业伙伴,而不是只是代表。多层任务如果您正在为涉及多个法律专业的实际法律工作购买一家公司,请考虑使用混合小时费。该公司会 根据每位律师在该事项上花费的预期时间提前计算平均费率。这种安排有助于客户避免为应该由初级合伙人进行的研究支付高级合伙人的小时费率。法律保险合同费允许客户拿起电话和律师交谈,而无需看时钟。这种方法就像法律保险隼一样。它鼓励公司 就非诉讼、非危机事务联系他们的律师,以及从长远来看,通过釆取更多的预防性法律行动来节省资金。 是收取法律服务费用的最佳方式。答案B.按小时计费固定费用方法 。答案A.适用于重复性任务 让律师事务所分担您的风险和鼓励。答案C.应急
10、费用涉及多个法律专业的法律工作应考虑使用 。答案A.混合小时费当您选择 时,您必须在与律师交谈时看准时间。答案B.按小时交易的旧账单短文Babies who are breast-fed may be more likely to be successful in life, a new study published Tuesday suggests. The study followed more than 3,000 babies into adulthood in Brazil. The researchers found those who were breast-fed score
11、d slightly higher in intelligence tests in their 30s, stayed in school longer and earned more money than those who were given formula(配方奶粉).内部资料Breast-feeding not only has short-term benefits but also breast-feeding has long-term benefits, says Bernardo Lessa Horta of the Federal University of Pelot
12、as in Brazil, who led the study being published in The Lancet Global Health.Doctors have long known that breast-feeding can be good for a baby* s health. This is especially true in poor countries where water can be contaminated. For instance, a baby given formula in developing countries is 14 times
13、more likely to die in the first six months than one who* s breast-fed. In the U. S., some research has suggested that breast-feeding may raise a babys IQ(智商)by a few points. But a recent study with siblings(兄弟姐妹)found little advantage to breast-feeding.Horta says these previous studies didnt follow
14、children into adulthood to see if breast-feeding had long-term effects. So Horta analyzed data collected from 3, 493 volunteers he and his colleagues have been following since birth. They are now in their 30s. First, the researchers gave the subjects TQ tests. Those who were breast-fed for 12 months
15、 or more had IQ test scores that were 3. 76 points higher than those who were breast-fed for less than one month, the team found.When Horta and his colleagues looked at how much education the subjects had gotten and how much money they were making, they also found a clear difference: Those who were
16、breast-fed the longest stayed in school for about an extra year and had monthly salaries that were about a third higher.From the passage, we learn that Horta .答案A. is from Brazi 1Which of the following about those who were breast-fed is NOT mentioned? 答案B. They were happi erWhich of the following is
17、 TRUE?答案C. Hortas research project lasted about 30 yearsThe word contaminated in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .答案C. pollutedWhich of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?答案C. Breast-feeding Improves Chances of Success附:周二发表的一项新研究表明,母乳喂养的婴儿可能更有可能在生活中取得成功。该研究跟踪了巴西 3,000多名成年婴儿
18、。研究人员发现,母乳喂养的婴儿在智力测试中得分略高30多岁的时候,在学校 呆的时间更长,挣的钱也比那些吃配方奶粉的人多。巴西佩洛塔斯联邦大学的贝尔纳多莱萨奥尔塔(Bernardo Lessa Horta)说,母乳喂养不仅具有 短期益处,而且具有长期益处,他领导了这项研究,该研究发表在柳叶刀全球健康杂志上。医生早就知道,母乳喂养对婴儿的健康有益。在贫穷国家尤其如此,因为那里的水可能会受到污染。例 如,在发展中国家,婴儿吃配方奶粉的几率是第一次死亡的14倍比母乳喂养六个月。在美国,一些研 究表明,母乳喂养可能会使婴儿的智商(智商)提高几个百分点。但最近一项与兄弟姐妹(兄弟姐妹)的研 究发现母乳喂养
19、几乎没有优势一喂养。奥尔塔说,这些先前的研究并没有跟踪儿童到成年期是否有长期影响。因此,奥尔塔分析了从他和 他的同事自出生以来一直关注的3,493名志愿者收集的数据。他们现在已经30多岁了。首先,研究 人员对受试者进行了智商测试。研究小组发现,母乳喂养12个月或以上的人的智商测试分数比母乳喂 养不到1个月的人高3. 76分。当奥尔塔和他的同事们查看受试者接受了多少教育以及他们赚了多少钱时,他们也发现了一个明显 的区别:那些母乳喂养时间最长的人在学校多呆了大约一年,月薪大约高出三分之一。从文章中,我们了解到奥尔塔 。答案A.来自巴西以下哪项关于母乳喂养的人没有提到?答案B.他们更快乐下列哪项是正
20、确的?答案C.奥尔塔的研究项目持续了大约30年第3段中的“污染一词与 的意思最接近。答案C.污染以下哪项是适合这篇文章的标题?答案C.母乳喂养提高成功机会短文Bill de Blasio ran for New York City mayor last year, he promised to end a controversial (有争议的),citywide cell-phone ban(禁令)in public schools, which is not equally enforced in all schools. Now, under his leadership, the ci
21、ty is preparing to end the ban. It will be replaced by a policy that allows phones inside schools but tells students to keep them packed away during class.内部资料schools have a rule about enforcing the ban that says, If we don, t see it, we dont know about it. That means teachers are OK with students b
22、ringing in cell phones, as long as they stay out of sight and inside bags and pockets.But at the 88 city schools with metal detectors, die ban has been strictly enforced. The detectors were installed to keep weapon out of schools, but the scanners(扫描器)can also detect cell phones.So students at these
23、 schools must leave their phones at home or pay someone to store it for them.The ban was put into place in 2007 under mayor Michael Bloom berg. Ending the ban wi 11 also likely end an industry that has sprung up near dozens of the schools that enforce the ban. Workers in vans(厢式货车)that resemble food
24、 tracks store teens* cell phones and Other devices for a dollar a day,Critics of the ban say cell phones are important safety devices for kids during an emergency. They also say that enforcement of the ban is uneven and discriminatory. Where the ban is enforced, it puts a disadvantage on students wh
25、o can* t afford to pay to store their phones.Before putting an official end to the cell-phone ban, city education officials are working on creating a new policy. It will include rules about not using the phones during class or to cheat on tests.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
26、 答案C. New York City will soon endStudents pay a day to leave答案A. a dollarMetal detectors were installed in答案B. weaponsa ban on cell phones in schools, thoir cell phones in a van parked near their school.88 city schools, mainly to keep out of schools.The word discriminatory in Paragraph 5 probably me
27、ans 答案C. unfairAccording to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?答案C. A phone-storage industry has appeared outside the 88 metal-detector campuses. 附:比尔德布拉西奥竞选纽约市市长,承诺结束(有争议的)去年他在全市范围内有争议的手机禁令(禁 止在公立学校)。现在,在他的领导下,并非所有学校都禁止手机,该市正准备结束禁令。取而代之的 是一项政策,允许手机进入学校,但告诉学生上课时要把手机收起来。学校有一条关于执行禁
28、令的规定,如果我们看不到它,我们就不知道它。这意味着老师可以让学生 携带手机,只要他们不在视线范围内和放在包里和口袋。但在88所市内设有金属探测器的学校,严格执行了禁枪令。探测器的安装是为了防止武器进入学 校,但扫描仪(扫描仪)也可以检测到手机。所以这些学校的学生必须留下手机在家里或花钱请人为他们 储存。该禁令于2007年在市长迈克尔布隆伯格(Michael Bloomberg)的领导下实施。结束禁令也可能结 束一个在数十所实施禁令的学校附近兴起的行业。厢式货车中的工人类似于食品店的青少年,毎天一美 元的手机和其他设备,禁令的批评者说,手机是孩子们在紧急情况下的重要安全设备。他们还说,禁令的执
29、行是不平衡的 和歧视性的。在执行禁令的地方,它对无力支付学费的学生不利存放他们的手机。在正式结束手机禁令之前,市教育官员正在制定一项新政策,其中将包括在课堂上不使用手机或考 试作弊的规定。以下哪项是文章的主要思想?答案C.纽约市将很快结束学校对手机的禁令。学生支付 一天的费用,将手机留在停在学校附近的货车中。答案A.一美元88所城市学校安装了金属探测器,主要是为了远离学校。答案B.武器第5段中的歧视一词可能意味着O答案C.不公平根据文中的说法,下列说法正确的是?答案C. 88个金属探测器园区外出现了手机存储产业。短文Charity is a concept which dates back t
30、o Biblical times, when helping the poor was something that rich people basically did to make themselves feelgood. Social work has its roots in charity, as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor people and society was seeking away of dealing with th
31、e poor and socialproblems. Although social work began as charity work, it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completely different perspective. 2018 年 1 月试题Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but also with the problems arising from various types
32、 of u social fearM u social phobias ) and discrimination such as sexism, racism, and discrimination against an individual due to his age, or mental or physical disabilities. Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminations as well as consequences that arise from sexual abuse drug a
33、buse, and various other problems.Social work provides an important service to society. Individuals and families in need of help are the focus of it, and are referred to as clients. Social workers help clients live a productive life in their own community. In order to reach this goal, they often enli
34、st the assistance of fami 1 y members, relatives, local religious leaders, and other influential members of the community. Although institutionalization maybe necessary at times, it is a temporary solution. Social workers usually serve in the front line, and reach out to the clients soon after probl
35、ems occur. The goal is to help clients return to normal life in a natural setting.The charity originally means to .help the poor that makes the rich feelgood.help clients return to normal lifeserve the whole society.答案AWhen does social work begin?Around the time of the industrial revolution.Biblical
36、 times.Modern time.答案AModern-day social work deals with the following problems except ? povertyrac i smeducation答案CIn order to help clients live a productive life, social workers can turn to the assistance of .governmentfamily membersbusinessmen答案BWhich statement about social work is NOT True?Social
37、 work roots from charity.Social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but also with various social fear and discrimination.Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor people.答案C 附:慈善是一个可以追溯到圣经时代的概念,当时帮助穷人基本上是富人为了让自己感觉良好而做的事 情。社会工作源于慈善,因为它最初始于工业革命时期,当时有很多人穷人和社会正在
38、寻求解决穷人和 社会问题。虽然社会工作最初是慈善工作,但它已经扩展了很多,需要从完全不同的角度看待,现代社 会工作不仅要处理贫困和随之而来的问题,而且还要处理各种“社会恐惧(“社会恐惧症)和歧视所 产生的问题,例如性别歧视、种族主义和对个人的歧视。他的年龄,或精神或身体残疾。社会工作者处 理这些歧视的后果以及性虐待、药物滥用和各种其他问题产生的后果。社会工作为社会提供了重要的服务。需要帮助的个人和家庭是其中的重点,被称为案主。社会工作 者帮助案主在自己的社区过上富有成效的生活。为了达到这个目标,他们经常寻求家庭成员、亲戚、当 地宗教领袖和其他有影响力的社区成员的帮助。虽然制度化有时可能是必要的
39、,但它是一个临时解决方 案。社会工作者通常在第一线服务,并与客户接触问题发生后不久。目标是帮助客户在自然环境中恢复 正常生活。慈善原意为 o帮助穷人,让富人感觉良好。帮助客户恢复正常生活服务全社会。答案A社会工作什么时候开始?大约在工业革命时期。圣经时代。现代。答案A现代社会工作除了 以外,还存在以下问题?贫困种族主义教育答案C为了帮助案主过上富有成效的生活,社工可以求助于 0政府家庭成员商人答案B关于社会工作的哪项说法不正确?社会工作源于慈善。社会工作不仅涉及贫困和随之而来的问题,还涉及各种社会恐惧和歧视。社会工作就是富人想帮助穷人。答案C短文Charity is a concept whi
40、ch dates back to Biblical times, when helping the poor was something that rich people basically did to make themselves feelgood.Social work has its roots in charity, as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor people and society was seeking away of d
41、ealing with the poor and social problems. Although social work began as charity work, it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completely different perspective. 2018 年 7 月试题Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but also with the problems arising fro
42、m various types of u social fear ( social phobiasw ) and diserimination such as sexism, racism, and discrimination against an individual due to his age, or mental or physical disabilities. Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminations as well as consequences that arise from sexu
43、al abuse drug abuse, and various other problems.Social work provides an important service to society. Individuals and families in need of help are the focus of it, and are referred to as clients. Social workers help clients live a productive life in their own community. In order to reach this goal,
44、they often enlist the assistance of family members, relatives, local religious leaders, and other influential members of the community.Although institutionalization maybe necessary at times, it is a temporary solution. Social workers usually serve in the front line, and reach out to the clients soon
45、 after problems occur. The goal is to help clients return to normal life in a natural setting.The charity originally means to .help the poor that makes the rich feelgood.help clients return to norma1 lifeserve the whole society.答案AWhen does social work begin?Around the time of the industrial revolut
46、ion.Biblical times.Modern time.答案AModern-day social work deals with the following problems except ?povertyrac i smeducation答案CIn order to help clients live a productive life social workers can turn to the assistance of .governmentfamily membersbusinessmen答案BWhich statement about social work is NOT T
47、rue?Social work roots from charity.Social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but also with various social fear and discrimination.Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor people.答案C附:慈善是一个可以追溯到圣经时代的概念,当时帮助穷人基本上是富人为了让自己感觉良好而做的事 情。社会工作源于慈善,因为它最初始于工业革命时期,当时有很
48、多人穷人和社会正在寻求解决穷人和 社会问题。虽然社会工作最初是慈善工作,但它已经扩展了很多,需要从完全不同的角度看待,现代社会工作不仅要处理贫困和随之而来的问题,而且还要处理各种“社会恐惧(“社会恐惧症) 和歧视所产生的问题,例如性别歧视、种族主义和对个人的歧视。他的年龄,或精神或身体残疾。社会 工作者处理这些歧视的后果以及性虐待、药物滥用和各种其他问题产生的后果。社会工作为社会提供了重要的服务。需要帮助的个人和家庭是其中的重点,被称为案主。社会工作 者帮助案主在自己的社区过上富有成效的生活。为了达到这个目标,他们经常寻求家庭成员、亲戚、当 地宗教领袖和其他有影响力的社区成员的帮助。虽然制度化
49、有时可能是必要的,但它是一个临时解决方 案。社会工作者通常在第一线服务,并与客户接触问题发生后不久。目标是帮助客户在自然环境中恢复 正常生活。慈善原意为 o帮助穷人,让富人感觉良好。帮助客户恢复正常生活服务全社会。答案A社会工作什么时候开始?大约在工业革命时期。圣经时代。现代。答案A现代社会工作除了 以外,还存在以下问题?贫困种族主义教育 答案C为了帮助案主过上富有成效的生活,社工可以求助于 o政府家庭成员商人 答案B关于社会工作的哪项说法不正确?社会工作源于慈善。社会工作不仅涉及贫困和随之而来的问题,还涉及各种社会恐惧和歧视。社会工作就是富人想帮助穷人。答案C短文Charity is a c
50、oncept which dates back to Biblical times, when helping the poor was something that rich people basically did to make themselves feelgood. Social work has its roots in charity, as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor people and society was seekin
51、g away of dealing with the poor and social problems. Although social work began as charity work, it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completely different perspective. 2019 年 1 月试题Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but also with the problems
52、arising from various types of u social fear ( u social phobiasw )and diserimination such as sexism, racism, and discrimination against an individual due to his age, or mental or physical disabilities. Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminations as well as consequences that ari
53、se from sexual abuse drug abuse, and various other problems.Social work provides an important service to society. Individuals and families in need of help are the focus of it, and are referred to as clients. Social workers help clients live a productive life in their own community. In order to reach
54、 this goal, they often enlist the assistance of family members, relatives, local religious leaders* and other influential members of the community. Although institutionalization maybe necessary at times, it is a temporary solution. Social workers usually serve in the front line, and reach out to the
55、 clients soon after problems occur. The goal is to help clients return to normal life in a natural setting.The charity originally means to .help the poor that makes the rich feelgood.help clients return to normal lifeserve the whole society.答案AWhen does social work begin?A. Around the time of the in
56、dustrial revolution.Biblical times.Modern time.答案AModern-day social work deals with the following problems except ?povertyrac i smeducation答案CIn order to help clients live a productive life, social workers can turn to the assistance of .governmentfamily membersbusinessmen答案BWhich statement about soc
57、ial work is NOT True?Social work roots from charity.Social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but also with various social fear and discrimination.Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor people.答案C附:慈善是一个可以追溯到圣经时代的概念,当时帮助穷人基本上是富人为了让自己感觉良好而做的事 情。社会工作源于慈善,因
58、为它最初始于工业革命时期,当时有很多人穷人和社会正在寻求解决穷人和 社会问题。虽然社会工作最初是慈善工作,但它已经扩展了很多,需要从完全不同的角度看待,现代社会工作不仅要处理贫困和随之而来的问题,而且还要处理各种“社会恐惧”(“社会恐惧症”) 和歧视所产生的问题,例如性别歧视、种族主义和对个人的歧视。他的年龄,或精神或身体残疾。社会 工作者处理这些歧视的后果以及性虐待、药物滥用和各种其他问题产生的后果。社会工作为社会提供了重要的服务。需要帮助的个人和家庭是其中的重点,被称为案主。社会工作 者帮助案主在自己的社区过上富有成效的生活。为了达到这个目标,他们经常寻求家庭成员、亲戚、当 地宗教领袖和其
59、他有影响力的社区成员的帮助。虽然制度化有时可能是必要的,但它是一个临时解决方 案。社会工作者通常在第一线服务,并与客户接触问题发生后不久。目标是帮助客户在自然环境中恢复 正常生活。慈善原意为帮助穷人,让富人感觉良好。帮助客户恢复正常生活服务全社会。答案A社会工作什么时候开始?大约在工业革命时期。圣经时代。现代。答案A现代社会工作除了 以外,还存在以下问题?贫困种族主义教育答案C为了帮助案主过上富有成效的生活,社工可以求助于 府庭人政家商A.B.G答案B关于社会工作的哪项说法不正确?社会工作源于慈善。社会工作不仅涉及贫困和随之而来的问题,还涉及各种社会恐惧和歧视。社会工作就是富人想帮助穷人。答案
60、C短文Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times, when helping the poor was something that rich people basically did to make themselves feelgood. Social work has its roots in charity, as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor people and s
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