2020年英语高考真题卷-5月天津卷（含答案解析）

1、2020年5月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试天津卷英语英语笔试（第一次）第I卷第一局部:英语知识运用（共两节，总分值45分）第一节:单项填空（共15小题;每题1分，总分值15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。.一You seem to be in a really good mood.I finished my last test today.! Now Tm free.A. What a pityB. What a reliefC. Tve got itD. Tve missed the point.His vivid descriptions of countr

2、y life quickly became popular, which established his as one of Americas greatest writers.A. trust B. contact C. reputation D. theoiy.You have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.A. mustB. shouldC. mustntD. shouldnt.The company is willing to the new technology if it

3、can be shown to reduce production costs.A. look overB. bring inC. put asideD. knock out5.in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.A. Having completedB. Being completedC. CompletedD. Completing.Modem women are energetic, ambitious, a

4、nd most of all, persistent their goals.A.in pursuit ofB.in return forC.in touch withD.in contrast to.Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s,he gave it to his grandson.A. which B. when C. where D. who.Dont be late for the 9:00 meeting because I am and have to catch the 11:00 train.A.

5、 on a limited budget B.in high spiritsC. on a tight schedule D.in deep doubt9.一The machine is working again!Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it.Know the Past, Know the PresentHistory: a Way to Broaden Ones Horizons第n卷第三局部:写作第一节:阅读表达(共5小题;每题2分，总分值10分)阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答以下问题。I remember the day shyness t

6、ook over my life. I was 14 and having a French lesson. The teacher told us to record ourselves speaking about a holiday. Perfect! I recorded myself with confidence. Then, I pressed play to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someo

7、ne elses recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange about me.My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behi

8、nd my computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank (缩d、). Everyday interactions, like ordering a coffee, became increasingly awkward and uncomfortable.And then, one day I was at a big conference and it suddenly hit me like lightning. All speakers wer

9、e confident, comfortable with being seen. There were no quieter voices. But the trouble is, if the loud voices are the only ones you hear, we quiet people feel even more alienated (疏远的).The world needs a mixture of personalities. Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs q

10、uieter people, too. That day I chose to stop hiding and embrace my shyness. No more feeling like I needed to change who I am in order to succeed. No more living a small life.Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of helping others, I co

11、uld also push myself forward, bit by bit. Now, Im happy to tell people I feel shy. Im not ashamed any more. And I know that Im not alone.Why did the author feel strange about herself after listening to the recording? (no more than 10 words).What is the main idea of Para.2? (no more than 10 words).Wh

12、at does the underlined word in Para.3 mean? (1 word).Why did the author create the Shy and Mighty Society? (no more than 10 words)60.Suppose you are in charge of the Shy and Mighty Society, what will you do to help other shy people? And why? (no more than 20 words)第二节:书面表达(总分值25分)61.假设你是晨光中学的李津。下周你校

13、将与英国友好校举办一场在线会议,探讨如何利用网络学习英语，请 你根据以下提示撰写一篇发言稿：介绍你是如何利用网络学习英语的（至少写出两点）;(2)简单谈谈你对利用网络学习英语的看法；(3)请友好校的学生提供他们的经验。注意:(1)词数不少于100;可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Good morning, dear friends. My name is Li Jin. Id like to take this opportunity to talk about how I learnEnglish on the Internet.Thank you.英语

14、听力试卷A第一节（共5小题;每题1分，总分值5分）听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试 卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一 遍。.How will the speakers travel?A. By bus.B.By train.C.By plane.What will the man do for his daughter?A. Find a tree.B.Take a picture. C. Get a camera.What is the most probable re

15、lationship between the speakers?Teacher and student.Father and daughter.Employer and employee.Where does this conversation most probably take place?A. At a theater. B. In a hospital. C. At a restaurant.What matters most to the man when buying an ice cream?A. Price.B. Taste.C. Popularity.第二节（共10小题海小题

16、1.5分，总分值15分）听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试 卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答 时间。每段材料读两遍。听下面一段对话,回答第6至第8小题。6.On which day does the man plan to return?A. The 23rd.B. The 24th.C. The 27th.7.What is the man going to do in Boston?Get married.Have a job interview.Attend a w

17、edding practice.Which word best describes the man?A. Excited. B. Anxious.C. Optimistic.听下面一段对话,回答第9至第11小题。.When did the man begin to feel sick?A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday.What is the mans health problem?He has a cold.He has the flu.He has a runny nose.1 l.What will the man most probab

18、ly do?Rest without treatment.Continue to take the pills.Try traditional Chinese medicine.听下面一段独白,回答第12至第15小题。12.How will the club members work?In pairs.In five-person teams.In ten-person teams.Where will the club members put the bottles and cans?A. Into boxes. B. Into trash bags. C. Into garbage can

19、s.Where will the nDo Not Litter signs be put up?In the club office.Around the lake.At a local company.15.What is the speech mainly about?A cleaning-up activity.A recycling center tour.A fund-raising campaign.试卷B第一节（共5小题;每题1分，总分值5分）听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试 卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你将有10秒

20、钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一 遍。1 .What did the man have for lunch?A hotdog.A hamburger.C. Nothing.2.What is the woman going to do?See a musical.Take an exam.Teach Chinese.3.What is the most probable relationship between the speakers?Mother and son.Husband and wife.Professor and student.What does the m

21、an mean?He will pay for the ice tea.He doesnt like walking.He was treated badly last time.How does the woman find the movie?Frightening.Entertaining.Disappointing.第二节（共10小题;每题1.5分，总分值15分）听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试 卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答 时间。每段材料读两遍。听下面一段

22、对话,回答第6至第8小题。.At what time did the man get up this morning?About 6:00.About 7:00.About 11:00.What do we know about the woman?She always wakes up naturally.She is usually woken up by a dog.She sometimes uses an alarm clock.How does the man walk his dog every morning?By taking a random walk.By taking

23、a two-mile route.By taking a 20-minute trip.听下面一段对话,回答第9至第11小题。.What is the man doing?Waiting for boarding.Asking for directions.Carrying out research.What is the womans opinion about the railway station?The new restaurant is good.Parking is inexpensive there.The transport link is convenient.What do

24、es the woman think of the new signs?They are improved.They are confusing.They are instructive.听下面一段独白,回答第12至第15小题。.What do we know about the first meeting of the club?It will be held next Thursday.It will be in the student center.Everyone is required to attend.Why is the audience advised to arrive o

25、n time?To sign up for an outing.To vote for films to watch.To be sure of getting a seat.What club activities will be organized regularly?Making short films.Going to the cinema.Watching older movies.What is most probably the speaker?A film director.A school teacher.A theater manager.答案速查:第一局部英语知识运用15

26、 BCDBC15 BCDBC610 ABC A A1115 DBDAC1620 BBCAC2125 DADBB2630 AADBC3135 DACBC第二局部阅读理解36-0 BDCAA 4145 BCDBC4650 ACDCC 5155 BADDB第一局部:英语知识运用第一节:单项填空1.B【命题意图】考查交际用语。【解题思路】 你看起来心情真的很好。我今天完成了最后一次考试。可轻松了!现在我自由了。what a relief1总算松了 一 口气，可轻松了”，符合语境。what a pity”真可惜;Ive got it”我懂 了;Ive missed the point”我没有领会意思”。

27、2.C【命题意图】考查名词。【解题思路】句意:他对乡村生活的生动描写很快变得受欢迎，这确立了他美国最伟大的作家之一的声誉。establish ones reputation”确立的声誉二3.D【命题意图】考查情态动词。【解题思路】句意:你本不应该因为他表现不佳而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。shouldnt have done sth.”本不应该做某事:符合语境。must have done sth.”一定做过某事；should have done sth.”本应该做某事”。4.B【命题意图】 考查动词短语。【解题思路】句意:如果这项新技术被证明能降低生产本钱，公司愿意引进。根据句意可知,bri

28、ng in”引入，采用“，符合语境。look over”检查渣看”;put aside”不考虑，把.撇开不理”;knock out”淘汰，完成”。.C【命题意图】考查非谓语动词。【解题思路】句意:帝国大厦于1931年竣工，是1954年以前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界的想象力。complete与句子主语the Empire State Building之间是动宾关系,且动作已完成，因此用过去分词作状语。.A【命题意图】 考查介词短语。【解题思路】 句意:现代女性精力充分，野心勃勃，最重要的是，她们坚持不懈地追求自己的目标。根据句意 可知,in pursuit 0fH追求”符合语境。in ret

29、urn for”作为对 的回报”;in touch with”与 有联系”;in contrast to”与形成比照”。.B【命题意图】 考查定语从句。【解题思路】 句意:史密斯先生拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它给了他的孙子。这是一个含 有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句，从句缺少时间状语，因此用when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the early 1990so.C【命题意图】考查介词短语。【解题思路】 句意:9点的会议不要迟到,因为我日程安排很紧，必须赶上11点的火车。根据句意可知,on a tight schedule11 H 程安排很紧”，符合语境。on a limited bu

30、dget”预算有限”;in high spirits”情绪高”;in deep doubt” 深表怀疑”。.A【命题意图】 考查时态。【解题思路】 机器又开始工作了!是的，它昨天坏了，但已经被修好了。根据句意可知，机器现在正 在工作，因此这台机器已经被维修好了，应用现在完成时。.A【命题意图】考查副词。【解题思路】句意:随着互联网的广泛使用，多年来世界各地的通讯都在稳步开展。steadily”稳定地，持续地,稳步地”，符合语境。.D【命题意图】考查时态和主谓一致。【解题思路】句意:去年进行的一项调查显示，本市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的提议。当”几分之几（百分 之几）+of+名词”结构作主语时

31、，谓语动词的“数”应该与of后面的名词保持一致。the middle-aged是定冠词+ 形容词”结构，指一类人，谓语动词用复数。句中时间状语是last year,主句用一般过去时,因此从句也应该用一般过去时O12.B【命题意图】考查名词性从句。【解题思路】句意:我的祖母帮助我相信我能完成我下定决心要做的任何事情。这是一个含有宾语从句的 复合句，且引导词在从句中作介词to的宾语，表示“无论什么，任何事情”，故用whatevero whichever强调明确或 特定范围内的”无论哪个（些）.D【命题意图】考查非谓语动词。【解题思路】 句意:地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。分析句子结构

32、可知,空处在句中作 目的状语,故用不定式。.A【命题意图】考查交际用语。【解题思路】 蒂姆很难作出决定。正是如此。他还在犹豫是否接受这份工作。根据句意可知，答 话者同意对方的观点，应选Thats it”就是这样,正是如此。Give it a try试试看”;It,s settled”就这么定了 H;You,re kidding me你在开玩笑吧.C【命题意图】 考查状语从句。【解题思路】句意:尽管他能给予她同情，但任何实际的帮助几乎都是他力所不及的。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间存在让步关系，表示“尽管二故用Although引导让步状语从句。第二节:完形填空【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作

33、者对父亲的情感变化。B 根据空前的all that my dad said was doctrine（信条）”可知，作者小时候，父亲说的所有话都被作者当作他 的信条，因此父亲做什么他也就自然而然地模仿什么，应选BoB 根据空后的“my dad taking me to school”并结合上文语境可知，作者和父亲在同一所学校，所以作者依靠 父亲带他去上学。count on sb. doing sth J指望/依靠某人做某事”。应选B。.C第一段交待作者和父亲在同一所学校，那么根据空后的“during the day”不难推出,他们两个白天在学校经常见面。应选C。.A 根据第二段的描述,尤其是W

34、e played games together, and stayed up late reading bedtime stories及下文的内容可知,作者小时候和父亲关系密切，但是随着作者年龄的增长，他们就不像过去那么亲密了。应选A。.C 根据空前的He wasnt cool any morenntoo high”和空后的“too loudlynnHe became a total embarrassment 可知，作者长大一点后,父亲做什么作者都看不惯了，那么他听的乡村音乐对作者来说自然也就很糟糕了。故 选C。.D 根据空后的The worst one happened in sevent

35、h grade.singing silly songs. Just kill me! I wanted to run away”可知,作者父亲在新年晚会上唱歌的表现简直让作者无地自容，因此这对作者来说就像是“灾难”。应选 Do.A 根据空后的“as Donald Duck”可知,作者父亲在晚会上装扮成唐老鸭。dress up”装扮，符合语境。break down”出故障，坏掉”;settle down”定居下来”;sign up”签约，报名应选A。.D此处指的是父亲让作者在朋友面前丢脸，作者也因为有这样的父亲而感到尴尬，这简直是在“挣扎”。故 选D。.B 根据空前的but we somehow

36、 began to find a balance”及下文的内容可知,事情开始发生变化。应选B。.B 根据空前的physics project及空后的to build a wood bridge with the best strength-to-weight ratio （比 率）” “all competitors”可知，这次比赛的任务是建造一座拥有最正确强度重量比的木桥。应选B。.A 根据空后的So did my dad, nmy dad 29 all competitors and won everyones admiration”可知，所有学 生和物理老师都参加了该物理工程。应选A。.

37、A 根据空前的Embarrassed, as usual”及第四段最后一句1 wanted to run away”可知，作者逃离了比赛现场。 应选Ao.D 下文中的“my dad 29 all competitors and won everyone5s admiration”说明，此处陈述的内容与前文的负面描述形成鲜明比照,因此用However表转折。应选D。A. has been fixed B.is being fixedC. had been fixed D. would be fixed10.With the widespread use of the Internet, comm

38、unications across the world have developed over theyears.A. steadilyB. differentlyC. independentlyD. formallyl.A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city in favour of theproposal for health care reform.A.isB. areC. wasD. were.My grandmother helped me believe that

39、I could accomplish I put my mind to.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whereverD. whichever.The local government doesnt have to sacrifice environmental protection economic growth.A.to be promotedB. being promotedC. promotingD.to promote.Tim has difficulty in making decisions._. Hes still hesitating about whet

40、her to take the job.A. Thats itB. Give it a tryC. Ifs settledD. Youre kidding me.he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him.A. IfB. Since C. AlthoughD. Until第二节:完形填空（共20小题;每题L5分，总分值30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1635各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。For the past ten years, my dad and I have a

41、ttended the same school he as an administrator and I as a student. Our relationship, in and out of school, has been totally unpredictable.When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine（信条）and anything he did I, 16 , copied. We played games together, and stayed up late reading bedtime stories.

42、 I could 17 my dad taking me to school, running into him 18 during the day and riding home with him every afternoon.As I grew older, we were not as 19 as we used to be. He wasnt cool any more. He wore his socks too high, listened to 20 country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends. He

43、became a total embarrassment.However, the 21 that occurred in school were even worse. The worst one happened in seventh grade. My dad came to our New Year party, 22 as Donald Duck, guitar in hand, singing silly songs. Just kill me! I wanted to run away.9.B 根据空后的“won everyones admiration”可知，作者的父亲打败了所

44、有竞争者，并赢得了大家的赞赏。故 选B。.C 此处是完全倒装句，正常语序为“a touch of pride was mixed in with my 30 前文提到过父亲曾让 作者感到很尴尬，所以面对父亲的胜利,作者的心情应该是很复杂的，既尴尬又自豪。应选Co.D 根据空后的It wasrTt the fact that hed won; it was more than that.influenced me可知，此处指作者需要 别人向他指明他欣赏父亲身上的什么品质。应选D。.A 空后的内容说明，作者开始意识到他与父亲其实有很多相同的价值观，有时也有着相同的观点。应选 Ao.C句中的“No

45、matter how much和“still”凸显出逗号前后内容的强烈反差。再根据前文描述可知，父亲曾 经让作者感到非常尴尬，因此作者对父亲曾一直有抵触情绪。应选Co.B文章开展至此，作者对父亲的态度其实已经好转，所以作者应该认为有这么一位不寻常的父亲是幸运 的。应选B。.C 根据空后的“1 have developed with my dad over the years”可知，作者与父亲数年来的关系使他能够回顾 以往并看到自己的成长。relationship在此处复现，与第一段形成了首尾呼应之势。应选C。第二局部:阅读理解A【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了波尔顿大学学生证的作用以及办理

46、或者更换学生证的相关事项。.B【命题意图】考查细节理解。【解题思路】根据第一段中的It will provide you with access to University facilities such as UniversityLibraries, the Sports Centre, and Computing Services”可知浮生证的作用是让学生可以使用校内诸如图书馆、运动中心以及数据处理服务之类的设施，故B项正确。.D【命题意图】 考查细节理解。【解题思路】根据 New students - photographs 局部中的“Your photograph should be

47、a portrait image inproportion（比例）to a 6x4 portrait photograph”可知，学生证上的照片应为长6英寸宽4英寸的肖像照，故D项 正确。.C【命题意图】考查细节理解。【解题思路】根据Replacement cards”局部中的If your card has been lost, a fee of 5 is charged for theproduction of a replacement card. You are requested to use our online payment service”可知,如果学生证丧失了， 在更换时就

48、需要支付5英镑的工本费，而C项中的”不小心掉入湖中”是丧失的一种情况，故C项正确。.A【命题意图】 考查细节理解。【解题思路】根据最后一段中的Replacement cards will be available for you to collect seven working daysafter making the request. As a security measure, you are requested to collect your card in person at the SAC”可矢口， 要领取更换后的学生证，学生需要在提出更换请求七个工作日后亲自到SAC领取，故A项正确

49、。B【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了医生Robert Parry在手术后帮助病人缓解压力的独特方法在绷带上画画。.A【命题意图】考查推理判断。【解题思路】根据第二段But after the operation, Susan burst into tears for a different reason: across the cut ontheir newborn sons back was a sweet winter scene, hand-drawn on his bandages（绷带）”以及第三段中的It was extremely touching and comfort

50、ing to know that somebody had taken the time to do that for my family”可推 知,Susan突然大哭起来的原因是有人肯花时间为她的家庭做暖心的事,这让她很感动，故A项正确。.B【命题意图】考查细节理解o【解题思路】根据第四段中的where he saw one of his colleagues cut out heart and shark shapes to decoratechildren为bandages”以及第五段最后一句Then I decided to follow suit”可知,Parry装饰孩子绷带的想法是

51、从他 的同事那里得到的启发，故B项正确。.C【命题意图】 考查细节理解。解题思路】 根据第六段中的Parry quickly graduated from his early hearts and sharks, and started to surprise families with drawings that captured young patients personalities. From Snoopy to Spider-Man and bears to butterflies, there isnt much he hasnt drawn. Most kids want sup

52、erheroes, sports team logos or princesses, while babies often receive scenes with flowers, trees and sea creatures”可知,Parry 根据不同孩子的喜好来画画，例如史 努比,蜘蛛侠，以及动植物，公主等他就是说,Parry进行艺术创作时将病人的个人喜好考虑在内，故C项正确。 43.D【命题意图】考查细节理解。【解题思路】根据第七段During a time of stress for families, its nice to be able to help them smile a

53、ndlaugh/ Parry said. This is something positive that I can do for them, which is what I like most about it.可 知,Parry希望他的作品能帮助减轻病人以及他们家人的压力并振奋他们的情绪，故D项正确。.B【命题意图】 考查推理判断。【解题思路】根据倒数第二段中的hes found a new hobby to keep his hands skillful in the years to come及最后一段中的Tve taken up knitting（编织）But mostly, I e

54、njoy giving everything away”可知,Parry 找至U 了新的 爱好，他开始编织，并且喜欢把所有编织的东西送给别人,由此可推知,Parry喜欢尝试新方式来帮助别人，故B 项正确。C【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在空运中,尤其是在短途空运中使用电能作为能量来源的可 能性、好处、存在的挑战以及解决方法。.C【命题意图】 考查细节理解。【解题思路】根据第一段最后一句Fortunately, there9s plenty of that happening right now, particularly theshort-haul flights powered by

55、batteries”可知，幸运的是，人们正在构思解决空运产生的环境污染的方法,如由电 池提供动力的短程航班，即现在人们正在努力让空中旅行变得更加环保，故C项正确。.A【命题意图】考查细节理解。解题思路】根据第二段中的“Significantly, all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes, making itperfectly fit for electric engines”可知,Harbour Air适合使用电能提供动力的飞机的原因是它所有航线的航行时 间都不超过30分钟,换句话说就是航线短，故A项正确。.C【命题意图】考查词义猜想。

56、【解题思路】根据第三段中的Theres also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant tofly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet可知，that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in是同位语从句，解释说明added bonus”的内容，而电动飞机飞行时没 有发动机的噪音，没有燃油的气味，只

57、有安静，这使人们能够获得更加愉悦的飞行体验，故C项正确。.D【命题意图】考查推理判断。【解题思路】根据第四段中的Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to getoff the ground. In aircraft, where every bit of weight counts, this can9t just be ignored” 可知，如果携带充足的电池, 飞机就会过重而无法起飞，由此可知,平衡电池重量与电量是电力飞行面临的最大挑战，故D项正确。.C【命题意图】 考查细节理解。【解题

58、思路】根据倒数第二段可知，许多人认为，燃料和电力同时供能这种模式，即混合型供能技术可以运用在空运中，故C项正确。.C【命题意图】考查观点态度。【解题思路】根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为电力飞行，尤其是短途旅行中的电力飞行一定会在接下 来的几年中成为现实。由此推知,作者对电力飞行持乐观态度，故C项正确。【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了历史的意义以及学习历史的重要性。.B【命题意图】考查句意理解。解题思路】 根据画线局部所在句History is an important.learning the history of our home country can give us a deepe

59、r, more meaningful glimpse （一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today”可知, 作者意在表达学习祖国的历史可以让我们更深入、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，以及我们是如何到达现 在的状态的，故where we are today”指的是我们国家现在的状态，故B项正确。52.A【命题意图】考查细节理解。【解题思路】根据第三段中的According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past andpr

60、esent are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life”可知，现在的人们面对的问题与过去的人们面对的问题是相同的，故现在的人们可以借鉴古 人解决问题的方法，故A项正确。53.D【命题意图】考查细节理解。【解题思路】根据第四段中的It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures1History has the p