2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲解第9讲虚拟语气学案

1、2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲解第9讲虚拟语气学案2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲解第9讲虚拟语气学案PAGE PAGE 332021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲解第9讲虚拟语气学案Lesson 9虚拟语气问题层级图？不会做虚拟语气题目？目标层级图能够完成虚拟语气题目 LV3 操作10 M课前诊断一。 单项选择1. They might have found a better hotel if they _a few more kilometers. A。 droveB。 would driveC。 were to driveD。 had driven2。 If the new safety s

2、ystem _to use, the accident would never have happened。A. had been putB。 were putC。 should be putD。 would be put3. If we _ the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. A. had caughtB. caughtC。 have caughtD。 would catch4. I wish I _ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday， but I

3、 was on a business trip in New York then.A. will beB. would beC. have beenD. had been5. - Do you have Bettys phone number？- Yes. Otherwise， I _able to reach her yesterday。A。 hadnt beenB. wouldnt have beenC。 werentD. wouldnt be二。 用所给词的适当形式填空1. - I went to the concert last night. It was fantastic！ You

4、 are so lucky! How I wish I _ （get） the ticket too。 2。 Can you imagine what the modern world _（be）like without smartphones?3. If he _ (be) more careful, he would have got much better results in the finals。4。 If Mike _ (have)the half-cooked food then, he would not be in hospital now. 5. Waiters are r

5、equested to treat every customer as if they _ (be）guests in their own house。课中讲解一. 理解真实条件句和非真实条件句 LV2 理解 1. 虚拟语气的定义I wish I were a rich man。If I were you, I would not accept his invitation。通过观察上面两个例句,可以发现说话人表达的是自己的 _ 或 _，所说的话是一种条件，不是 _，或者与事实相反。2. 虚拟语气中真实条件句和非真实条件句的区分(1） If it rains tomorrow, I will

6、stay at home.（2) If I had worked hard before， I would have succeeded before。通过观察以上两个例句，可以发现(1)句中的条件能够或 _ 实现的句子叫_；（2）句中的条件不能或 _ 实现的叫 _ ，也叫虚拟条件句。15 M【小试牛刀】判断下列句子是否是非真实条件句。（1） If it rains tomorrow， I will stay at home.(2) Lets go shopping if you are not busy.（3) If I were you， I would plant some trees

7、round the house。(4) If everyone protects the environment， the world will become more beautiful.(5） If I had worked hard before， I would have succeeded before。（6) You must be careful if you go swimming in the river。(7） If you were to have a few free minutes, I would appreciate the opportunity to ask

8、you one more question。（8） If you had listened to his speech attentively， you should have known that his achievement was not all from good luck。二。 判断虚拟语气题目 LV2 理解判断以下题目哪些是虚拟语气题目1. The fire_by the people in the neighborhood before the fireman came。A. has been put out B. will be put out C。 had been put

9、 out D。 would be put out2. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers. A. droveB。 would driveC。 were to drive D. had driven观察上面两道例题，可以看出两道题都是考查谓语动词的形式，但是，不同的是，第1题实际上考的时态题，而第2句题干中出现了由if 引导的条件状语从句，根据之前学过的真实条件句和非真实条件句的区分，可以判断出if引导的从句是一种假想，所以是非真实条件句，虚拟语气，所以第2题考的是虚拟语气。因此，判断虚拟语气题

10、目的方法是:在题目中找虚拟语气常见的标志词：if, wish, or， or else， without, otherwise, but for等等。【精讲精练】1. If the new safety system _ to use， the accident would never have happened.2. The book covers the knowledge I wish I _ five years ago.3. - When do you want to visit Mr. Smith with me？ Whenever you _ (have) time。4. - D

11、o you have Bettys phone number?- Yes. Otherwise， I _ able to reach her yesterday.5. It is lucky we booked a room， or we _ （have) nowhere to stay now.6。 By now 516 Confucius Institutes _ (found) in 142 countries and regions， according to the Confucius Institute Headquarters. 三. 状语从句类虚拟语气题目 LV3 操作1. I

12、f条件句虚拟时间从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式现在did/wereshould/would/could/might + do过去had doneshould/would/could/might +have done将来did/were to + do/should + doshould/would/could/might + do2。 错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如：If you had just followed my advice, you would be bette

13、r now。如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he would be able to speak it much better now.如果他以前花费更多的时间练习说英语,他现在就能说得好得多。3. if省略句当条件状语从句中谓语含有were, had， should, 可省略if,同时把were, had， should提到从句句首，变为倒装句式.If I were at school again, I would study harder. _ , I woul

14、d study harder。If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus. _ , you would have caught the bus.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. _ ， we would not go climbing.注意：若省略的条件状语从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。正确说法：Were it not for the expense， I would go abroad now。错误说法：Werent not for

15、 the expense， I would go abroad now。4. 含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句。 = 1 * GB3 连接词or , or else， without otherwise, but， but for, but that等等 = 2 * GB3 Im really busy， otherwise (if I werent so busy)， I would certainly go with you. But that I saw it （If I had not seen it）， I

16、could not have believed it. What would you do with a million dollars （ if you had a million dollars ） ？Without your help， we could not finished the work ahead of time。= But for your help， = If it had not been for your help， = Had it not been for your help,【精讲精练】1. If you _ the right map， we wouldnt

17、have got lost. A. have boughtB。 boughtC。 had boughtD. would buy2。 - Shall we take the 10：20 train？- No. If we took that train, we _ too late. A。 arriveB。 arrivedC. will arriveD。 would arrive3. If you had worked hard, you _ so anxious now。 A。 are notB. would not have beenC。 will not beD。 would not be

18、4. We _ the top of the mountain but for this awful weather。 It rained all day。 A。 will reachB. would reachC。 have reachedD. would have reached5. The book covers the knowledge I wish I _ five years ago。A。 knewB。 had knownC. would knowD. would have known6。 He messed the project up, but he behaved as i

19、f nothing _。A。 had happenedB。 happenedC。 would happenD. would have happened5 M【小试牛刀】1. Thank you， Jack。 Without your constant support I _ those hard times. A. couldnt have pulled throughB。 couldnt pull throughC. cant have pulled throughD. cant pull through2. If you had seen a doctor， you _ much bett

20、er now. A。 areB。 will beC。 would beD. would have been3. I wish I _ your advice then。 In that case things might not _ be so bad.A。 have takenB. tookC. had takenD. would have taken4。 Thanks for your useful advice; otherwise I _ such rapid progress.A。 didnt makeB. couldnt have madeC. hadnt madeD。 shoul

21、dnt have made5. I wish I _ the Great Wall with you tomorrow， but Im preparing for the coming exam。A。 will climbB. had climbedC。 climbD. would climb6。 If there were no cellphones， life _ quite different because we depend too much on them.A。 will be B。 would beC. isD. were四. 完成名词性从句类虚拟语气题目 LV3 操作1. 用于

22、宾语从句中(1） wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望.虚拟语气通过时态退一步来实现。 I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.I wish I had met that film star yesterday。How I wish it werent raining now！（ 拓展:How I wish + 从句 = If only + 句子 ）(2) 在would rather后的宾语从句中也用虚拟语气，用动词过去式虚拟当时或将来的情况，用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况。 I would rather t

23、hey hadnt heard of the news yesterday.（3) 用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。常见动词有demand, order， insist， suggest, propose, advise等。虚拟语气通过“should+动词原形”来实现,其中should可省略。 He suggested we (should) start off early the next day。They insisted that the boy （should） go with them.注意：当suggest表示“暗示、表明”之意时,后面的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，应使用陈

24、述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.2. 用于主语从句中It is desired / suggested / proposed / recommended / necessary / important / strange / natural / a pity / essential +that 从句，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形，should可以省略。Its suggested that the meeting （should) be put off till next

25、week。3。 用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion, proposal， order, plan, idea， request， advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 My idea is that we (should） think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we （should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.5 M【小试牛刀】1。 There is a good s

26、ocial life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A。 hadB。 will have C. would have hadD。 have had2。 I wish I _at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.A. will beB。 would beC. have beenD. had been3。 Ellen is a fantastic dancer.

27、I wish I _as well as her.A. danceB. will danceC。 had dancedD。 danced4. We would rather our daughter _at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer。A. would stayB. has stayedC。 stayedD。 stay五. 其他虚拟语气和综合考查 LV2 理解1。 虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用It is （high) time that 句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，或用“s

28、hould+动词原形”（此时should不能省略）。此句型意为“ （现在）该”，用来表示建议.It is (high） time that you went to school.= It is (high) time that you should go to school。It is (high） time that the children had lunch.= It is （high） time that the children should have lunch.2。 as if从句中的虚拟语气形式用法说明as if + 一般过去时（did）从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词表达的动作同时

29、发生as if + 过去完成时(had done)从句动作在主句动作之前发生as if + 过去将来时(would do）从句动作在主句动作之后发生5 M【小试牛刀】1。 Waiters are requested to treat every customer as if they _ guests in their own house.A. areB. wereC. would beD. had been2。 Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.A。 will d

30、oB has doneC。 doD. did3。 I wish I _ your advice then. In that case things might not be so bad。A。 have takenB。 tookC。 had takenD。 would have taken4. How was the party last Saturday? - It was fun； you _。A. cameB. had comeC。 would comeD. should have come课后练习10 M补救练习定义默写1。 虚拟语气中，说话人表达的是自己的 _ 或 _，所说的话是一种

31、条件，不是 _，或者与事实相反。2。 if条件句虚拟时间从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式现在（1） _should/would/could/might + do过去(2) _ (3） _将来did/were to + do/should + doshould/would/could/might + do3. 动词 wish 后的宾语从句中，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。通常有三种形式:(1) 表示与现在愿望相反，宾语从句的谓语用：_。 （2） 对过去愿望相反，宾语从句的谓语用:_。二. 单项选择1。 I was wearing a seat belt. If I h

32、adnt been wearing one, I _.A. were injuredB。 would be injuredC。 had been injuredD。 would have been injured2。 If Mr. Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there。A. wereB. had beenC。 should beD。 was3. If it hadnt been your generous help, I _ through that hard tim

33、e. A。 couldnt have goneB. didnt goC。 wouldnt goD。 hadnt gone5 M巩固练习 1. If it _ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A. had not beenB. should not beC。 were not to beD. should not have been2。If you had told him the truth, he _ so angry now.A。 isnt B. wasntC。 wouldnt beD 。wouldnt

34、have been3。 Tom is very upset。 I wish I _ him the disappointing news。 I told you not to, but you wouldnt listen。 A. didnt tellB. hadnt toldC。 havent toldD. wouldnt tell5 M拔高练习 1。 _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty。A。 It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was

35、it2. It was John who broke the window。 Why are you talking to me as if _it？A. had doneB. have doneC。 didD。am doing3。 They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _to our help。A. would have comeB。 could comeC. have comeD. had comeLesson 9 虚拟语气课前检测(10mins）一、单

36、项选择1.【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意，如果他们再多开几公里，他们可能会找到一家更好的旅馆。主句用mighthavefound，所以从句是对过去的虚拟，表示与过去事实相反的情况，应用过去完成时，故选D.2。【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气.句意为如果新的安全系统已经投入使用的话，这个事故就不会发生了。安全系统并未投入使用，所以是客观不存在的事物,要用虚拟语气。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句用have done的形式,system与put to use是逻辑上的动宾关系，故选A。3.【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气.句意：如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班了，我们现在就会在沙滩上享受我们

37、的假期了。If引导的从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语动词需用“had + done”形式,故选A。4.【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望上周二我能参加我姐姐的婚礼，可是那时我正在纽约出差。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故设空处要用had + done，故选D。5。【答案】B【解析】 考查虚拟语气.句意：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？ -有。否则,昨天我就不能联系到她了。根据题干中的yesterday可知，此处是对过去的虚拟，设空处应为would have done的形式,故选B。二、用所给词的适当形式填空1。【答案】had got【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：-我昨晚去听音乐会了.棒极了！

38、 你真是太幸运了!我多么希望我也有票啊。根据last night可知，本空是对过去的虚拟，从句谓语用had done形式,故填had got。 2。【答案】would be【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你能想象要是没有智能手机现代社会是什么样子吗? 题干中的without smartphones相当于条件状语从句,根据语境可知，表示对现在的虚拟，因此空格处应为would do结构，故填would be。 3.【答案】had been【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他更仔细一些，他就能在期终考试中取得更好的成绩.根据语境可知,本句表达对过去的虚拟,故从句谓语应用had done的形式， 故填had

39、 been。4。【答案】had not had【解析】考查虚拟语气.句意：如果迈克当时没吃半生不熟的食物，他现在就不会住院了。根据从句的时间状语then和主句的时间状语now可知，主句表示与现在事实相反的假设，而从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,故填had not had.5。【答案】were【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：服务生被要求对待每一位顾客就好像对待他们自己家里的客人那样。as if引导的从句表示对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词应用过去式形式，故填were. 课中讲解一、理解真实条件句和非真实条件句LV21。 虚拟语气的定义【答案】主观愿望；假想；事实.2。 虚拟语气中真实条件句和非真实条件句的

40、区分【答案】有可能;真实条件句；不可能；非真实条件句。【过关检测】（15mins）【答案】 以上句子，其中（3）（5)（7)（8）为非真实条件句，(1)（ 2） （4） (6） 为真实条件句。【解析】 考查真实条件句和非真实条件句的区分。观察以上句子，可以看出(3）(5）(7）(8)句中的谓语动词形式符合主将从现、主情从现和主祈从现，判断出其是真实条件句.(1)(2）（7）（8)句中的谓语动词形式是一种错误的时态来表达，所以是非真实条件句，即虚拟语气。二、判断虚拟语气题目LV2【精讲精练】判断以下题目哪些是虚拟语气题目1.【答案】是【解析】考查虚拟语气.首先，根据句意：如果新的安全系统投入使用

41、, 这起事故就不会发生。其次根据题干中的虚拟语气标志词if引导的非真实条件句可以判断出此题为虚拟语气题.2。【答案】是【解析】考查虚拟语气。句中wish出现,表示虚拟.3。【答案】否【解析】考查时态语态.题干中没有出现常考的虚拟语气标志词,所以并非考虚拟语气题目.4。【答案】是【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据题干中出现的虚拟语气标志词otherwise可知，此题是虚拟语气题目。5。【答案】是【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据题干中虚拟语气标志词or及句意,判断出前面是真实的情况，or后面表示对现在的虚拟,所以此题是虚拟语气题。6.【答案】不是【解析】考查时态语态。首先,题干中并没有出现虚拟语气标志词；其次，

42、由于出现时间标志词by now，所以主句用现在完成时，又因为found与Confucius Institutes是被动关系，故用have been founded。所以此题不是虚拟语气题。三、状语从句类虚拟语气题目LV33。 if省略句【答案】 Were I at school again【答案】Had you come earlier【答案】Should it rain tomorrow【精讲精练】（8mins）1。【答案】C【解析】主要考查虚拟语气。根据句意,如果你拿对了地图，我们就不会迷路了。主句wouldhavedone的形式，if从句应用过去完成时.故选C。2.【答案】D【解析】主要

43、考查虚拟语气。根据句意，if引导的虚拟语气用过去式，表明是对现在或将来的假设，谓语用would/could/mightdo的形式， 故选D。3.【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你过去努力工作的话，现在就不会如此焦虑。从句谓语动词用了过去完成时，是对过去的虚拟，主句中出现了时间状语now, 所以主句是对现在的虚拟，故选D。4。【答案】D【解析】 考查虚拟语气。句意：一整天都在下雨。要不是这糟糕的天气，我们就爬到山顶了。but for “要不是”出现时为含蓄虚拟，且根据 “rained” 可知该处是与过去事实相反，对过去的虚拟。基本结构为:主语 + would/could/should/

44、might + have done。故选D。5。【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:我希望这本书里的知识我在五年前就知道了。句中wish出现,表示虚拟。five years ago可知为虚拟过去，wish虚拟过去后面使用had done,故选B。6。【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气中的方式状语从句中的虚拟语气.根据主句动behaved，事情发生在过去，是对过去的虚拟,从句中使用的动词形式是had done，故选A.【过关检测】（5mins)1。【答案】A【解析】 考查虚拟语气。结合句意可知,此处 without 引导的短语时要虚拟,因句意为“没有你不断支持的话,我可能熬不过那些艰难时期,可以判

45、断该处表示的是与过去事实相反,对过去的虚拟时，基本结构为：主语+could/should/would/might+havedone，故选为A。2.【答案】C【解析】 考查虚拟语气。主句中出现了时间状语副词now, 所以是对现在的虚拟，用would+动词原形，故选C。3。【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气.根据题干中的“wish”，可知看虚拟语气表格中的从句结构，再结合“then（那时）”,可知时间为过去，故选C.4.【答案】B【解析】考查含蓄虚拟语气.空格所在位置为主句,所以排除A、C，shouldnt have made 表示“本不应该做某事却做了”，根据句意以及otherwise“否则”，应该

46、是不可能做某事，所以是couldnt have made表“不可能做过某事”，故选B。5。【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。首先，通过选项和题干中wish可得知这道题考查虚拟语气。接着，根据wish从句的时间状语tomorrow可知,这道题考查的是对将来的虚拟，wish从句对于将来的虚拟形式为would + do.故选D.6.【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气辨析.分析题干所表达的含义是一种与现在事实相反的假设。因此主句部分选择“would be”。其余的“will be、“is”、“were”均不符合题意。故选B。三、完成名词性从句类虚拟语气题目LV3【过关检测】（5mins）单项选择1。【答案】

47、A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望己还能有机会去更多地参与其中。wish后面的宾语从句中往往用虚拟语气，此处表达现在的一个愿望,谓语动词要用过去式,故选A。2.【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:我希望上周二我能参加我姐姐的婚礼，可是那时我正在纽约出差.此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故设空处要用had + done，故选D。3。【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：埃伦是一个非常优秀的舞者,我希望我能跳得像她一样好。本题考查虚拟语气.wish后面的宾语从句表示对现在的虚拟,从句谓语用过去式，故选D。4.【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:我们希望女儿和我们一起待在家里，但这是她的选择,她不再是个孩子了。would rather表示“宁愿；希望