2023版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit1PeopleOfAchievement课件新人教版选择性必修第一册

1、选择性必修第一册UNIT 1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT核心单词阅读词汇1.physiology n.生理学；生理机能2.artemisinin n.药青蒿素3.crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的4.malaria n.疟疾5.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的6.objective n.目标；目的adj.客观的7.botanical adj.植物学的8.property n.性质；特征；财产9.extract n.提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出10.boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开11.substance n.物

2、质；物品；事实根据12.genius n.天才；天资；天赋13.patent n.专利；专利证书；获得专利n.沸腾；沸点adj.有专利的；受专利保护的14.extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的15.device n.方法；技巧；装置；仪器高频词汇1._ n.液体adj.液体的；液态的liquid2._ vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行obtainacknowledgedefeat3._ vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢4._ n.失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜5._ vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求6._ adv.主要地；一般地7._

3、 n.条件；环境；状况insistmostlycircumstance8._ n.流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动9._ n.图表vt.记录；制订计划10._ vt.创建；建立；把建立在foundinfer11._ vt.推断；推定12._ n.结果；后果consequence13._ vt.偶然碰到；遇到14._ adj.非凡的；显著的n.邂逅；遭遇15._ n.草稿；草案vt.起草；草拟flowchartencounterdraftremarkable拓展词汇mit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)_ n.承诺；保证；奉献2.academy n.

4、(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校_ adj.学业的；学术的3._ n.目标；目的adj.客观的object v.反对n.物体_ n.反对4.evaluate vt.评价；评估_ n.评价；评估commitmentacademicobjectiveobjectionevaluation5._ adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的distinction n.差别；区分distinct6._ vt.分析analysis n.分析_ (pl.)7._ adj.明显的apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然analyze/analyseanalysesapparent8.scienc

5、e n.科学_ adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的9.conclude v.结束；推断出_ n.结论；推论10._ n.小说家novel n.(长篇)小说scientificconclusionnovelist11.politics n.政治；政治学_ adj.政治的_ n.从政者；政治家；政客politicalpolitician12._ n.理论；学说theoretical adj.理论(上)的13.gentle adj.温柔的；文静的_ adv.温柔地；温和地theorygentlypassiongradually14._ n.酷爱；激情passionate adj.狂热的15.gradu

6、al adj.逐渐的；逐步的_ adv.逐渐地；逐步地16.institute n.(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑_n.社会公共机构；制度；习俗17._ n. 教授profession n. 职业_ adj. 专业的(人士) n.专业人员professorprofessional18._ vi.总结；概括n.金额；款项；总数；总和summary n.总结_ v.总结sumsummarizeinstitution联想积累【派生构词】1.gradually(形容词副词后缀-ly副词)entirely 完全地extremely 极其地immediately 立刻2.conclude(去掉 de)si

7、on(动词名词后缀-sion名词)decide(去掉de)sion 决定divide (去掉de) sion 分开explode (去掉de) sion 爆炸【合成构词】extraordinary(形容词1形容词 2新的形容词)goodlooking 漂亮的easygoing 容易相处的extracurricular 课外的重点短语1._ oneself to do 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)2.insist _ 坚决要求3.according _ 根据；按照4._ and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗e _ power (开始)掌权；上台6._ up a positio

8、n 担任；任职commitontoweartotakesumonasmake7._ up 总结；概括8.hang _ 稍等9.serve _ 充当；担任10._ contributions to.对做出贡献精选佳句教材原句isthoughtto1.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment formalaria, and _ _ _ save 100，000 lives ayear in Africa alone.青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救十万人的生命。句式结构句式 1：sth. be thoug

9、ht to do sth.是 It is thought that.句式的转换教材原句todraw2.Using a lower temperature _ _ out theextract, she found a substance that worked. 用较低的温度获得提取物， 她发现了一种有效的物质。句式结构句式 2：动词不定式 to do 表目的教材原句Uponhearing3._ _ that she had been awarded the NobelPrize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.” 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，屠

10、呦呦说：“荣誉不仅仅属于我自己”句式结构句式3: “介词 uponv.ing 形式”构成介词短语， 用作时间状语教材原句whowho4.Albert Einstein，_ is perhaps the greatest scientist inmodern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men_ ever lived.爱因斯坦，也许是近代物理学界最伟大的科学家，他常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。句式结构句式4：第一个 who 引导非限制性定语从句，第二个 who引导限制性定语从句课文复现Tu Youyou won the N

11、obel Prize for the discovery ofartemisinin1._crucialnewtreatmentfor malaria.Artemisinin has become an 2._ (importance) part of thetreatment for malaria.aimportantAs a 3._ (commit) and patient scientist, she4._ (graduate) from Peking University Medical School in1955.In 1969, she became the head of th

12、e project in Beijing, anddecided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional5._ (botany) treatments for malaria.Her team examinedcommittedgraduatedbotanicalover 2，000 old medical texts and6._ (evaluate) 280，000plants for their medical properties. 7._ ， she wouldntacknowledge defeat.A

13、fter failing more than 190 times, she and herteam finally succeeded in 1971.They even 8._ (insist) ontesting the medicine on themselves.Their success proves the great 9._ (valuable) oftraditional Chinese medicine.It is indeed an honour for Chinas10._ (science) research and Chinese medicine to be spr

14、eadaround the world.valuescientificevaluatedHoweverinsisted 单句语法填空objectiveflowsencountered1.These differences are very easy to explain to anybody whoswilling to make an _ (object) analysis.2.Its in this place that the river _ (flow)down into theocean.3.What a coincidence! Yesterday, I _ (encounter)

15、 anold friend in a grocery store.4.Whoever makes _ (remarkable)great contributionsto the society deserves to be praised.5.It is generally recognised that students should be _(evaluate) in terms of overall quality.6.They came to a _ (conclude) that it was a thief whohad stolen their diamond necklace.

16、7.With the good care of the nurses, the boy is _(gradual) recovering from his heart operation.remarkablyevaluatedconclusiongradually8.I would appreciate it if you could give me a quick _(sum) of your research.9.He loved playing this instrument, and was committed_ practising it.summarytoon10.The old

17、man insisted_ finding a taxi for me eventhough I told him I lived nearby.vi.忠于；全心mit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)全意投入(工作、活动等)【原句】 Tu Youyou, acommitted and patient scientist, wasborn in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated fromPeking University Medical School in 1955.(教材 P2)屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，1930 年

18、 12 月 30 日出生于中国宁波市，1955 年毕业于北京大学医学院。【典例】He committed himself to the project, and his efforts paid off.他全心投入这项工程， 他的努力有了回报。 The company is committed to expanding the productdevelopment of the market. 这家公司致力于将产品市场发展扩大。【归纳】commit oneself to do 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)be committed to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事comm

19、it a crime 犯罪【点津】(1)commit 的过去式和过去分词均是 committed，现在分词是 committing。(2)be committed to (doing) sth.中的 to 为介词。【拓展】(1)committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的(2)commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献make a commitment to sb.向某人承诺【即学即用】单句语法填空myselftaking(1)Should you accept my application? I would spare no effortto commit _ (I) to you

20、r satisfaction.(2)You should be committed to _ (take) care of yourgrandmother.2.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢【 原句】 However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledgedefeat.(教材 P2) 然而，屠呦呦不会承认失败。【典例】Weacknowledge him as a genius.我们承认他是个天才。We had toacknowledge failing in the game in the end.最后我们不得不承认输掉了比赛。【归纳

21、】acknowledge.as/to be.承认为；公认是acknowledge doing sth.承认做过某事acknowledge that.承认It is universally acknowledged that.人们普遍认为【拓展】acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；致谢；收件复函in acknowledgement of.为感谢完成句子，每空一词(3)人们普遍认为女性应该和男性有平等的机会。_ _ _ _ _women deserve to have equal opportunities to men.【即学即用】单句语法填空(1)I started to ackn

22、owledge failure _ exactly what it is:an unavoidable part of everyones lifenothing more and nothingless.asacknowledgement(2)The flowers were a small _ (acknowledge)of your kindness.Itisuniversallythatacknowledged3.insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求【原句】 Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted ontesting the m

23、edicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.(教材 P3)屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在他们自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。【典例】But sheinsists on us eating healthy food. 但她坚持要我们吃健康的食物。Though all his friends blamed him, he insisted that he haddone nothing wrong.尽管他所有的朋友都责备他， 但他坚持认为他没做错任何事。My mother insisted that I (should) clean

24、my room first. 妈妈强烈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。【归纳】insist on/upon (doing) sth.坚持(做)某事insist that.坚持【点津】(1)insist on 的同义表达有： stick to, persist in。(2)insist that 从句的用法：表示“坚持说/认为”时，从句内容表示一个事实，从句按实际需要选择时态；表示“坚决要求”时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should) do, should 可以省略。【即学即用】单句语法填空(1)John insisted on _ (pay) for lunch today.(2)He ins

25、isted that he _ (be) right, so he insisted thathis plan _ (carry) out at once.payingwas(should) be carried4.conclusion n.结论；推论【原句】 Did you come to anyconclusions？(教材 P4)你得出什么结论了吗？【典例】Over the years Ive come to a conclusion that shes a verygreat musician.这些年来，我得出的结论是她是一位非常伟大的音乐家。【归纳】come to/arrive at

26、/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 最后；总之【拓展】vi.结束；终止conclude vt.推断出；得出结论；使结束conclude.with.以结束conclude from.that.从中得出结论to conclude 最后；总之【即学即用】to concludeconclusion单句语法填空(1)It is an apparently ideal way_ (conclude) aseason of summer reading.(2)I wonder who makes this decision and how he come t

27、o his_ (conclude).reach/drawaconclusionthat补全句子，每空一词(3)They _ _ _ _ ( 得出结论) when task interdependence is high, team performance willsuffer when there is too much talent.5.consequence n.结果；后果【原句】As a consequence, he had to flee Germany.(教材P8) 结果，他不得不逃离德国。【典例】 I wonder if parents should always tell th

28、e truth no matterthe consequences.我想知道父母是否应该总是说实话，不管结果如何。As a consequence, he won the competition. 结果是他赢了这场比赛。【归纳】as a consequence 因此；结果as a consequence of 由于；因为【辨析】as a consequence 后接结果，as a consequence of 后接原因，类似于 because 和 because of 的区别。【拓展】(1)consequent adj.作为结果的(2)consequently adv.结果；因此；所以(3)表

29、示“由于；因为”的短语有：because of, due to, as a resultof, as a consequence of, owing to, on account of。(4)表示“结果；因此”的短语有：as a result, as a consequence,in consequence。【即学即用】单句语法填空(1)A man must take the _ (consequent) of hisown deeds.consequenceof(2)I regret to inform you he died as a consequence _his injuries.句

30、式改写，每空一词(3)As a result, children become so reliant on their parents thatthey have no independent thought or creative ideas.(改为同义句)_ _ _，children becomeso reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought orcreative ideas.Ae to power(开始)掌权；上台【原句】Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler

31、cameto power in Germany.(教材 P8)1933 年情况发生了改变，那时希特勒开始在德国执政。【典例】He has been in power for ten years but still doesnt want toleave.他已执政十年， 但他仍不想下台。Im sorry its beyond my power to make a final decision onthe project.很抱歉， 要对这一工程作出最终决定是我力所不能及的。【归纳】be in power 执政；当权beyond ones power 力所不能及的within ones power

32、力所能及的have the power to do sth.有能力做某事【辨析】come to power 意为“上台执政(表动作)”，不能与一段时间连用；be in power 意为“在位(表状态)”，能与一段时间连用。【拓展】(1)power n.政权；强国；控制力；能力；权力；力量；能量；电力；功率power station 发电站(2)powerful adj.强有力的；有影响力的(3)powerless adj.无能为力的【即学即用】单句语法填空(1)It has been several years since the president came_ power.tocametop

33、ower完成句子，每空一词(2)这个政党是一年前开始执政的。The party _ _ _ a year ago.2.sum up 总结；概括【原句】 Use your notes to write your introduction and sumup how you feel about this person.(教材 P9)使用你的笔记来写介绍并且总结你对这个人的看法。【典例】Does the writersum up how he feels about this person？作者是否总结了他对这个人的看法？ To sum up, it is an amazing film suit

34、able for both for theyoung and old.总而言之， 这是一部老少咸宜的好电影。【归纳】in sum 总而言之； 大体上to sum up 总之； 总而言之a large sum of 一大笔； 大量的【拓展】(1)summary n.总结；摘要adj.概括的；扼要的in summary 总之；概括起来(2)summarize v.总结；概括；概述(3) 表示“总之”的短语有：in a word, in short, in brief, insummary, all in all, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude, inco

35、nclusion。【即学即用】单句语法填空summarysummarize(1)Can you give me a quick_ (sum) of your report?(2)To _ (sum), this is a clever approach to acommon problem.To/Insum/aup/word句式改写，每空一词(3)All in all, for a healthy heart you must take regular exerciseand stop smoking.(改为同义句) _ _ _ ， for a healthy heart youmust ta

36、ke regular exercise and stop smoking.【剖析】 be thought to do 是“It is thoughtthat.”句式的转换，表示一般状况或事实情况。 1.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.(教材P2)青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救十万人的生命。【典例】 (2020 全国卷 阅读理解C)The tota

37、l number of allmultigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8million.据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为 180 万。Green is said to be the most restful colour.It has the abilityto reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. 据说绿色是最能令人放松的颜色。它可以减轻人的疼痛感，并使人身心放松。【注意】It is/was said/reported/b

38、elieved/thought/considered/known. that-clause 意为 “ 据说/据报道/据相信/ 据认为/众所周知”，其中 it 是形式主语，后面的that 从句是真正的主语。也 可 用 be said/supposed/believed/thought/known/reported todo(要做)/to be doing(正在做)/to have done(做完了)来表达。如：It is believed that Henry stole the car.People believe that Henry stole the car.Henry is belie

39、ved to have stolen the car.人们相信是亨利偷了那辆小汽车。【即学即用】单句语法填空have studied(1)Robert is said to_ (study) abroad, but Idont know which country he studied in.(2)The flu is believed _ (cause) by viruses thatlike to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.to be caused2.Uponhearing that she had be

40、en awarded the NobelPrize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.”(教材 P3)当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时， 屠呦呦说： “荣誉不仅仅属于我自己”【剖析】 在本句中， “介词 uponv.ing 形式”构成介词短语，用作时间状语，表示“在的时候；当时；一就”。upon 还可转换为介词 on, 表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体。【典例】 (2016 天津卷 阅读理解A)They are collected from theairport upon arrival and brought to their a

41、ccommodation incomfort.他们一到达机场就被接走，并舒适地带到他们的住处。Upon arriving at the classroom, I was greeted with smilingfaces and treated like a queen.我一到达教室，就看到一张张欢迎的笑脸并且得到了女王般的接待。【点津】“一就”的句型小结：(1)as soon as/once/when时间状语从句主句(2)the moment/instant/second/minute时间状语从句主句(3)instantly/immediately/directly时间状语从句主句(4)on

42、/upon动名词/名词主句(5)no sooner had主语过去分词.than 主语动词的过去式。如：No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start onanother journey.他刚到家， 就被要求再出差。(6)hardly/scarcely/rarely had 主语过去分词. when动词的过去式。如：Hardly had she gone out when it began to snow. 她刚出门，天就开始下雪了。(7)at the sight/thought/mention of名词主句。如：At the

43、sight of him, I remember my brother who is working inShanghai.看到他我就想起了我那在上海工作的弟弟。【注意】the moment/instant/second/minute, immediately/ instantly/directly 起连词作用，连接两个句子。【即学即用】单句语法填空whenarriving(1)Hardly had I got to the bus stop _ the bus started.(2)Upon _ (arrive) at the office, our English teacherbegan to get down to his work.【题目】假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Henry 发邮件向你询问有关中国抗疫专家钟南山的一些情况，请你根据以下内容提示回复邮件。内容包括：1.人物简介；2.抗疫贡献；3.1.词数 80 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：新型冠状病毒性肺炎 COVID-19; epicentre (疫情)中心Dear Henry，_Yours，Li Hua注意：参考范文：Dear Henry，How are things going? Knowing that youre interest