轮机英语考证学习指南

1、轮机英语考证第一篇轮机英语考证指南TOC o 1-5 h z HYPERLINK l bookmark4 o Current Document UnitlMainPropulsionPlant（主推进装置）LessonlShipsandMachineryships（船舶和机械）Lesson2HowDoesaMarineDieselEngineWork（船用柴油机是如何工作的）（6）Lesson3DieselEngineConstruction（柴油机结构）（34）Lesson4FuelOilSystem（燃油系统）（65）Lesson5CentralCoolingWaterSystem（中央冷

2、却系统）（88）Lesson6StartingSystem（起动系统）（102）Lesson7LubricatingSystem（润滑系统）（119）Lesson8GasExchangeProcess换气过程）（138）Lesson9OperationandMaintenanceofMainEngine（主机的运行与养护）（152）Lesson10TransmissionSystem（传动系统）（192）Lesson11ALeapinTechnologyforMarineEngines（船用柴油机技术的一次飞跃）（199）Lesson12MEEngines（ME柴油机）（201） HYPERL

3、INK l bookmark6 o Current Document Unit2AuxiliaryMachinery（辅助机械）（203）Lesson13MarineBoilersandTheirConstruction（船用锅炉及其结构）（203）Lesson14BoilerMountings，ManagementandMaintenance（锅炉附件、管理及其结构）（207）Lesson15MarinePumps（船用泵）（220）Lesson16MarineRefrigeration（船舶制冷）（241）Lesson17MarineRefrigerationManagementandFa

4、ultDiagnosis（船舶制冷装置的管理和故障诊断）（254）Lesson18AirConditioningSystem（空调系统）（271）Lesson19BilgeWaterTreatmentSystem（机舱污水处理系统）（279）Lesson20GarbageManagementandBiologicalSewageTreatment（垃圾处理及生活污水处理）（287）Lesson21OilTreatment（油的处理）（292）Lesson22MarineDesalinationPlants（船用海水淡化装置）（301）Lesson23TheHydraulicSystemandE

5、quipment（液压系统和液压设备）（311）Lesson24CargoHandlingEquipment（货物装卸设备）（327）Lesson25AnchorWindlassandMooringWinch（锚机和绞缆机）（330）Lesson26SteeringGear（舵机）（334）Unit3MarineElectrizationandAutomatization（船舶电气及自动化）（343）Lesson27MarineGenerator（船舶发电机）（343）Lesson28ParallelingOperationofAlternators（发电机并车）（355）Lesson29El

6、ectricityDistributionSystem（电力分配系统）（359）Lesson30MarineElectricEquipment（船用电气系统）（363）Lesson31BasicTheoryofAutomaticControl（自动控制系统）（378）Lesson32TypicalExamplesofAutomaticControlSystem（典型的自动控制系统）（380）Lesson33BasicMeaningofUMSandItsFunction（无人值班机舱基本理论及其功能）（382） HYPERLINK l bookmark10 o Current Document

7、Unit4MarineEngineeringManagement（轮机管理）（383）Lesson34Stand-byEngine（备车）（383）Lesson35Watchkeeping（值班）（387）Lesson36GeneralRulesonWorkinginMachinerySpace（机舱工作基本规程）（393）Lesson37RegulationsofFireFighting（消防规则）（399）Lesson38MarineEmergencyArrangementandEquipment（船用应急装置及设备）（418）Lesson39BunkeringandLubeOilMana

8、gement（加油及润滑油管理）（421）Lesson40StoresandSpareParts（物料和备件）（437）Lesson41ShiprepairandDocking（修船及进坞）（439）Lesson42SeaTrials（试航）（444）Lesson43PortStateControl（港口国监督）（446）Unit5InternationalConventionsandRegulations（国际公约及法则）（453）Lesson44BasicPrinciplestobeObservedinKeepinganEngineeringWatch（值班应遵守的基本规则）（453）Le

9、sson45MARPOL73/78（73/78防污染公约）（458）Lesson46SOIASConvention（国际海上人命安全公约）（465）Lesson47ISPSCode（国际船舶和港口设施保安规则）（468）Lesson48ISMCode（国际安全管理规则）（472）Lesson49MaritimeLabourConvention,2006（2006海事劳工公约）（477）Lesson51OilRecordBook（油类记录簿）（478） HYPERLINK l bookmark14 o Current Document Unit6Others其它（482）TheGovernoro

10、ftheDieselEngine（荣油机调速器）（482）TroubleShootingandRemedyoftheDieselEngine（柴油机故障分析和排除）（485）MarinePropulsionPlant（船舶推进装置）（516）Others（其它）（524）Unit7关联题（542）（542）Passage1TOC o 1-5 h zPassage2(542)Passage3(543)Passage4(544)Passage5(545)Passage6(546)Passage7(547)Passage8(548)Passage9(549)Passage10(550)Passage

11、11(551)Passage12(552)Passage13(553)Passage14(555)Passage15(556)Passage16(557)Passage17(558)Passage18(559)Passage19(560)Passage20(561)第二篇轮机英语评估指南第一章公共用语(563)第二章机舱日常业务(566)第三章驾机联系(576)第四章应急用语(580)第五章对外业务联系(587)第六章PSC/ISM检查(592)口述练习题参考答案(601)问答题练习参考答案(611)参考文献(623)轮机英语考试大纲(624)第一篇轮机英语考证指南UnitlMainPropu

12、lsionPlant(主推进装置)LessonlShipsandMachineryslups(船舶和机械)0001.Theauxiliaryengineanda.c.generatorcanbeconnectedwithcamB.crossheadC.bulgeD.coupling注：副机和发电机用联轴节连接，故选Do0002.Thetermmediumspeeddieselengineiscurrentlytakentomeananenginewithanoperatingrotationalspeedof_rpm.below300C.between300t01200B.above1200D

13、.below1200注：术语“中速机”是指运行速度介于300-1200rpm之间的发动机。(也有说法为300-1000rpm），只能选C,故选Co0003.Therotatingrangeofthelowspeeddieselengineisusuallylowerthan.100rpmB.200rpmC.300rpmD.500rpm洼：术语“低速机”是指运行速度小于300rpm的发动机，故选Co0004.Amongthemainpropulsionurutsonboardtheshipwiththesamecapacity,thelightestone1S_steamengineB.stea

14、mturbineC.gasturbineD.dieselengine注：船舶使用的各种类型的主推进装置中，如果产生的功率相同，装置重量最轻的是燃气轮机。（比功率大是燃气轮机的优点，同样功率，内燃机中重量最轻，体积也最小。）故选Co0005.Concemingdieselpropelledvessels,theastempoweristoprovideforcontinuousoperationastem“equaltothatavailableforaheadoperationat70percentoftheaheadrpmatratedspeedwhileunderwayandunderal

15、lnormalconditionsat70percentoftheaheadrpmofaveragecontinuousseaspeed洼：柴油机驱动的船舶，倒车转速一般是正车额定转速的70%一80%，故选Bo0006,Adieselengineisoperatingat1800rpmanddrivingapropellerat600rpm.Whatisthespeedreductionratio?0.30t01B.3.00t01C.3.33t01D.33.0t01注：减速齿轮箱的减速比=曲轴转速螺旋桨转速=1800/600=3，故选Bo0007.Enginedisplacementisequ

16、altothecylinderareatimesthestrokeareatimesthestroke,timesthenumberofcylindersvolumetimesthestrokevolumetimesthestroke,timesthenumberofcylinders注：发动机的排量=气缸面积X活塞冲程X气缸数目，选B。0008.Inusingreductiongearstoobtainefiicientpropellerspeedstheymustbelocatedattheafterendoftheenginetheycanonlybeusedwithoneenginea

17、tatimetheyeliminatetheneedforcontrollablepitchpropellerstheyareconnectedtotheenginewithaflexiblecoupling注：减速齿轮与发动机来用柔性联轴节连接，选D。0009.Maximumhorsepowerofadieselengineisattained（）whentheenginerpmispulleddownbyoverloadatratedenginerpmat95%ofratedenginerpmat95%ofaproperlyadjustedgovernorrpmwiththeengineu

18、nderfullload注：柴油机的最大功率是在其额定转速时产生的，故选BaThetermmoderatespeedwaspreviouslyinterpretedasmeaningaspeedwhichwouldenableavessel（）witlunhalftherangeofvisibility.stoppingB.beingstoppedC.tostopD.tobestopped注：术语“中等速度”以前被解释为能使船舶在视野的一半距离内被停住的速度。根据题意船舶被停住要使用被动语态，enable后面要跟动词不定式，故选D。0011（）canbefoundonmostmediumtol

19、argemerchantvesselsevenifthemainengineiseitherasteamturbineor2-strokecrossheadengine.Themediumspeed4-stroketrunkpistonengineThelowspeed2-strokecrossheadengineThemediumspeed2-strokecrossheadengineThelowspeed4-stroketrunkpistonengine即使主机是汽轮机，或者是二冲程十字头柴油机，在中到大型的商船上也有采用中速的四冲程筒状柴油机。B中的二冲程机题目中已有，C中的中速二冲程机

20、和D中的低速四冲程机都不对，只有A的中速四冲程机符合题意，故选A。0012（）allowstheenginetobeplacedwhereverismostsuitable,astheynolongerhavetobealignedwithreductiongearingandshaftingasisthecasewithconventionalinstallations.DieselenginepropulsionB.DieselelectricpropulsionC.SteamenginepropulsionD.Gas,turbinepropulsion洼：柴油电力推进可以使主机布置在最合

21、适的位置，而不用像传统的推进装置要求与减速齿轮和轴系对中，根据题意选B。Dieselelectricpropulsion指柴油电力推进。0013.Mediumspeedengineshavea（）powertoweightratiothantheslowspeedtwostrokes,butduetothehigherspeedstendtohave（）maintenanceintervals.higher;reducedB.higher;increasedC.lower,reducedD.lower;increased.第一篇轮机英语考证指南TOC o 1-5 h zLUNjl17NGYUK

22、AO乏砸rGXUEXI脚NrMr注：中速机比低速二冲程机的功率重量大，但由于速度高，检修周期较短，故选Ao0014.Thedieselengineissimilartothegasolineengineinthat.Abothofthemareignitedbycompressedairbothofthemaretheformsofexternalcombustionenginesbothofthemhavesparkplugsthepowerisdevelopedbythepistoninthecylinder,注：柴油机类似汽油机在于功率都是由气缸里的活塞产生的，故选Do0015.Ther

23、easonwhymoreandmoreofthelargemerchantvesselsarebeingpoweredbymediumspeeddieselenginesis.theyoperatebetween150and450rpmtheyareconnectedtothepropellerbygearingtheirsmallersizeandweighttheycanbeconnecteddirectlytothepropellerwithoutgearing洼：越来越多的大型商船以中速柴油机为动力的原因是它们的尺寸小、重量轻，故选Co0016.Gasturbinesdifferfro

24、msteamturbinesinthat.steamratherthangasisusedtotumashaftvaporratherthangasisusedtotumashafttheformerusesgastotumashaftthelatterusesgastotumashaft注：燃气轮机区别于汽轮机在于前者使用燃气去使轴转动，故选Co0017.Adieselenginewhichisratedfornormaloperationatacrankshaftspeedof800rpm,iscommonlyclassedasa.slow-speeddieselB.medium-spee

25、ddieselC.high-speeddieselD.constant=speeddiesel洼：曲轴转速800转分以额定功率正常运行的柴油机称为中速柴油机，故选Bo0018.一isanopeningforsupplyingseawatertocondensers,pumps,etc.locatedinthehullbelowthewaterlineandhavingmeansfortheattachmentofassociatedpiping.SeachestB.ScupperC.ScuttleD.Seaport注：海底门是向冷凝器、泵等供应海水的进口，位于水线下方的船壳处，可用于连接相应的

26、管路，故选Aoscupper排水口，scuttle天窗。0019.Ashipdesignedforcarryinggoodsrequiringrefrigerationiscalled.reeferB.ro/roshipC.containerD.tanker注：设计用于运输冷藏物品的船舶是冷藏船，选AoRo/Roship滚装船。0020.ThedepthoftheshipbelowwaterlinemeasuredverticallytothelowestpartofthehulliscaUed，、trimB.leanC.draftD.tonnage注：船舶水线以下垂直到船壳最低点的深度称为吃

27、水线，故选Co，0021.Whichofthetermslistedbelowrepresentstheoperationalspeedatwhichexcessiveenginevibrationiscreated?A.Non-harmonicspeed.B.Criticalspeed.C.Maximumspeed.D.Designmaximumspeed.注：临界速度代表发动机过度振动产生的运转速度，故选Bo3.轮机英话考证学习指南LUN7117NGTUKAOLDVGXUEITLtNAAr0022.Whichofthedeviceslistedisinstalledonadieseleng

28、inetoisolatesomeofthecrankshaftvibrationscausedbyrotationalandreciprocatingforces?A.Planetarygearset.B.Torsionalvibrationdamper.TOC o 1-5 h zC.Frictionclutch.D.Airbladderclutch.注：装在柴油机的振减振器用来隔离由回转和往复作用力所产生的部分曲轴振动，选B。Planetarygear行星齿轮。0023.dieselengineelectricstartingmotorsgenerallyrequireheavierduty

29、motorsandoperateathighervoltagesthancomparablestartingmotorsforgasolineenginesdueto.A.higherspeedrequiredB.flywheel-effectC.lowerstartingtemperaturesD.highercompressionpressures洼：因为要更高的压缩压力，柴油机电起动马达与类似的汽油机的起动马达相比，要有更大的功率和更高的电压，故选D。0024.Somemediumandhigh-speeddieselenginesrequirereductiongearunitstop

30、rovideausefulpropellerspeed.Inmostreductiongears,thebullgear.A.mustchumtheoilinthesumpisconnectedtothepropellershaftisdrivenatthehighestrpmcompensatesforalignmentvariationsbetweentheengineandpiniongear注：中高速柴油机需要减速装置来提供一个可用(有效)的螺旋桨转速。大多数减速装置，大齿轮与螺旋桨轴连在一起，故选Bobullgear大齿轮。0025.Whenusedwithreversingredu

31、ctiongears,medium-speeddieselenginesshouldbeboltedtotheirfoundationswithfittedboltsatthedriveendandclearance(looselyfitted)boltsinotherlocations.Thisisdoneto.A.maintainalignmentwhentheshipshullisworkinginheavyseasensureenginevibrationscorrespondtothenaturalfrequencyofthehullpermittheenginetoexpandaw

32、ayfromthedrivenequipmentastheengineheatsupandexpandsmaintainenginethrustbearingclearances洼：当与倒车减速装置一起使用时，中速柴油机应该在传动端用装配螺栓与底座连在一起，而在其它地方则用间隙螺栓固定，这样可使柴油机热膨胀时留有膨胀余地，故选Co0026.Whentransmittedbyareductiongear,dieselenginespeedisreducedandthetorqueavailableforwork。A.remainsthesameB.isreducedC.isincreasedD.

33、iseliminated注：通过减速装置，柴油机速度降低，扭矩增加，故选C。0027.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectconcemingavailableastempowerfordieselmainpropulsionsystems?A.Astempoweristobeprovidedinasufficientamounttosecurepropercontroloftheshipinallnormalcircumstances.Theastempowerofthemainpropellingmachineryistoprovideforconti

34、nuousoperationastemat600/00ftheaheadrpmatratedspeed.Formainpropulsionsystemswithoutreversinggears,controllablepitchpropellersore4.第一篇轮机英语考证指南LUN西17NGYUKAOZ程rGXUEXIaTIINANlectricpropulsiondrive,rumungasternisnottoleadtooverloadconditions.Asternpoweravailablewillbeequaltoaheadpowerwhencontrollablepitc

35、hpropellersareutilized,thusdiscountingtheneedforincreasedoperatingparameters.注：倒车功率必须能提供足够的功率确保在各种正常情况下能够对船舶进行适当的控制，故选A。0028.Whentwomediumspeeddieselenginescoupledinparalleltoacommonpropellershaftthatoperatesatthesamespeedastheengines,whichoftheoperatingconditionslistedwillapply?A.Fullhorsepowerisav

36、ailableaheadandastem.Oneenginemustberunningaheadandtheotherastem.Fullreversingtorqueisnotavailable.Mechanicalreductiongearingisrequired.洼：当两台中速柴油机并排连接到同速运转的普通螺旋桨轴上，需要机械减速装置，故选D。0029.TheabbreviationM/EisusedtorepresenttheA.measureequipmentC.myengine注：M/E是主机的缩写，故选D。0030areincreasinglyusedmainelectrica

37、lD.mainengineasmainengineonmerchantvessels,becausetheyhavealughHp/Weightratio.A.SlowspeeddieselenginesC;SteamenginesMedium-speeddieselenginesD.Gasolineengines中速柴油机越来越多地被用于商船，因为它们的功率重量大，敌选B0031.PropulsionofthevastmajorityofcontemporarymerchantslupsandVLCCs)utilizesA.gasturbineasprimemover.dieselengin

38、e。especiallycontainershipssteamengineD.gasolineengine当前多数商船的动力装置尤其是集装箱船和超大型船使用柴油机作为原动力，故选B。0032.Typicalmarinepropulsionplantsincludedirectlycoupledtothevesselssinglelarge-diameter,fixed-pitchpropeller.A.asingle,long-stroke,slow-speed,turbocharged,two-strokedieselengineasingle,long-stroke,medium-spee

39、d,turbocharged,four-strokedieselenginetwomedium-speed,turbocharged,four-strokedieselenginesavariable-speedac.generator洼：典型的船用动力装置包括单台低速、长冲程、涡轮增压二冲程柴油机，故选B。0033.Withtheenginentednottobealignedwithreductiongearsorpropellershaft.A.DieselenginepropulsionSteamenginepropulsionDieselelectricpropulsion.Gast

40、urbinepropulsion注：采用柴油电力推进装置，柴油机不需要与减速装置或螺旋桨轴对中，故选B。0034.Dieselenginesinsteadofsteamengineswereusedasmainen;ineonboardshipsismainlybecause.轮机英语考证学习指南LUN西1ZVG17JKAO乏陋GXUEh7乏田NANA.theyhaveahighmechanicalefficiencyB.theyhaveahighthermalefficiencytheyaremorereliableD.theyhavealargevolume注：柴油机替代汽轮机用作船舶的主

41、机主要是因为它们有高的热效率，故选B。0035.Whenashipinloadedconditionfloatsatarbitrarywaterline,itsdisplacementis-_totherelevantmassofwaterdisplacedbytheship.A.equalB.largerC.smallerD.equivalent注：当一条载有货物的船在任何吃水线时，她的排水量等于载货船舶的总重量，故选Aa0036.Thedisplacementofashipistothetotalweight,alltold,oftherelevantloadedship.A.larger

42、B.equalC.smallerD.equivalent注：船舳的排水量等于人们所说的载货船舶的总重量i故选B。0037.Whichoneisnottrue?A.Twomainareasofskillareinvolvedintheconstructionofslup.Therearedistinctdivisionsinresponsibilitiesbetweennavalarchitectsandmarineengineers.Eachslupwillassumevaryingproportionsaccordingtoitstype.Shipscanbedividedintodiffe

43、rentcategoriesfromdifferentperspectives.注：造船工程师和轮机员在职责上有明确的区别，故选Ba0038.Whyagearboxisneededinashipdrivenbyamedium-speeddieselengine?A.Toreducethemainenginespeed.B.Toincreasethemainenginespeed.Togovernthemainenginespeed.D.Tofixthepropellershaft.洼：中速柴油机的齿轮箱是用来固定螺旋桨轴的，故选D。0039.Apropeller,inordertooperat

44、eefficiendy,mustrotateatarelativelyspeed.A.highB.lowC.fastD.lowly注：螺旋桨旋转时低速才高效，故选BaLesson2HowDoes-aMarineDieselEngineWork（船用柴油钒是i何工作的）0040.一arrangementshavelowtemperatureairandhightemperatureexhaustgaspassingthroughadjacentports,causingtemperaturedifferentialproblemsfortheliner-material.A.Loopscaven

45、geB.CrossscavengeC.UruflowscavengeD.Supercharge注：回流扫气布置有低温的进气和高温的排气通过邻近的气口，会对缸套材料产生温差问题。Loopscavenge（回流扫气）Crossscavenge【横流扫气）Uniflowscavenge（直流扫气）Supercharge（增压）。按题意，选A。0041.一scavengemeansbothexhaustportsandscavengeportsarearrangedtothesameside.A.UniflowB.CrossC.LoopD.Straight注：回流扫气意思是扫气口和排气口都布置在同一侧

46、，故选C。0042.一tappetclearancewillcausetheexhaustvalvetoopenearlyandcloselateincycleandwillincreaseitsmaximumlift.J.A.ExcessiveB.InsufficientC.CorrectD.Noneoftheabove6-第一篇轮机英语考证指南LUN珏删G托厂尉O之砸淞捌E皿乏匝胞W注：排气阀挺杆间隙过小将引起其在循环中早开迟关并增加其升程（A是间隙过大，C是间隙适当），故选Botappetclearance挺杆间隙。0043.一tappetclearancewillcausetheexh

47、austvalvetoopenlateandcloseearlyincycleandwillreduceitsmaximumlift.A.CorrectB.InsufficientC.ExcessiveD.Noneoftheabove注：排气阀挺杆间隙过大将引起其在循环中迟开早关并减少其升程，（与上题比较）故选Co0044.thecylinderwillcontainagreatweightofairandwillbecapableofburningagreatquantityoffuel.A.AttheendbeginningofthecompressionstrokeAtthebeginn

48、ingofthesuctionstrokeAttheendoftheworkingstrokeAttheendoftheexhauststroke洼：在压缩行程初，气缸内将容纳了大量的空气，并能燃烧大量的燃油，选Ao0045.一thesuperchargepressureis,poweranenginedevelops.A.Thehigher;themoreB.Higher;moreC.Higher;litdeD.Thehigher;theless注：增压压力越大，柴油机输出功率越大，故选Ao0046.一usuallyhelpstoinduceairmovementtoassistcombus

49、tion.A.CylindercoverB.Mainbearing,C.Thee:chaustvalve.D.Thepistonmovement注：活塞的运动有助于空气在气缸中流动，以利燃烧，故选Do0047.Achargeoffreshairisdrawnintotheenginecylinderandthenbythemovingpiston_veryhighpressure.A.pressed;toB.pressurized;withC.pushed;inD.compressed;to洼：新鲜空气被吸人到发动机气缸内，然后被运动的活塞压缩到很高的压力，故选Do0048.Adieselen

50、gineissimilartoagasolineengineexceptthattheformerhasno_A.cross-headB.cylinderC.connectingrodD.sparkplug注：柴油机与汽油机类似，但是无火花塞，故选Doexceptthat除去一点之外。0049.Alowspeedenginerequiresreductiongearboxitandpropeller.A.none;bothB.no;bothC.none;betweenD.no;between注：低速发动机用作主推进装置时，不需要减速齿轮箱（介于发动机和螺旋桨之间），选Do0050.Areduc

51、tioninloadonadieselengineresultsinofspeedofthecrankshaft.A.areductionB.anincreaseC.anoutingD.adownwards注：柴油机负荷减少会导致曲轴转速上升，选Bo0051.Anincreaseinloadonadieselengineresultsinofspeedofthecrankshaft.A.areductionB.anincreaseC.anoutingD.adownwards洼：发动机负荷增加会导致曲轴转速下降，选Ao0052.Anindicatordiagramisapressure-volu

52、megraphtakenfromthepressureintheofaworkingengine.A.crankcaseB.fuelpumpC.scavengetrunkD.cylinder7.轮机英语考证学习指南LUN口17NGTUKAO趔础XUE17aTl7NAN注：示功图可以用来表达发动机工作时某个缸内压力与体积的关系，选D。0053.Asaheatengine,energyis-thesovrceofpowerbywhichthedieselenginecanbeoperated.A.electricB.heatC.mechanicalD.exhaust注：柴油机作为热机，热能是其功率

53、的来源，故选B。0054.Atleastcylindersinatwo-strokeenginewillbeconfiguredtoensurethattheenginecanbestartedwiththecrankshaftatwhateverposition.A.6B.12C.4D.8注：二冲程柴油机要能正常工作至少需要4个气缸，故选C。0055.Atleastcylindersinfour-strokeenginewillbeconfiguredtoensurethattheenginecanbestartedwiththecrankshaftatwhateverposition.TO

54、C o 1-5 h zA。6B2C12D8注：四冲程柴油机要能正常工作至少需要6个气缸，故选A。0056.Charging-airpressureincreasesifthereismcorrectcombustionanddropintheofthedieselengine.A.machineefficiencyB.machineryefficiencyC.mechanicalefiiciencyD.mechanicsefficiency注：如果柴油机燃烧不良，机械效率下降，进气空气压力就会提高，故选C。0057.Dieselenginesarestartedbysupplyingintot

55、hecylindersintheappropnatesequencefortherequireddirection.A.coolingwaterB.compressingairC.compressedairD.cylinderoil注：柴油机的起动是通过按所需要的方向以合适的顺序向气缸通入压缩空气来实现的。压缩空气是被压缩的空气，应该用过去分词，故选C。0058.Dieselenginesarestartedbysupplyingintothecylindersintheappropriatesequencefortherequueddirection.-A.fueloilB.dieseloi

56、lC.compressedairD.jacketwater洼：柴油机的起动是通过按所需要的方向以合适的顺序向气缸通入压缩空气来实现的，（见上题）故选C。0059.Dueto_actionofpistonssomerelativemotionbetweenpartsincontactinthecoolantsupplyandreturnsystem.mustoccur.A.reciprocatingB.rotatingC.runningD.removing注：由于活塞的往复运动，与冷却剂供应及返回管路接触的部件之间的某种相对运动必然发生，故选A。0060,Duringthesuctionstro

57、ke,thepistonismoving.inwardsB.outwardsC.downwardsD.upwards注：吸气冲程期间，活塞下行故选C。0061.Duringworking,whenthepistonisnearthe,theairignitesthefinesprayoffuel.A:TDCB.DTCC.BDCD.BCD注：发动机工作时，当活塞接近上止点时，空气便点燃细雾状的燃油，（TDC是上止点，BDC是下止点。）故选A。0062.Enginereferstotherelativetimeofpositionofcrank,atwhicheachoperationduring

58、thecycleiscommencedandiscompleted.&第一篇轮机英语考证指南LUN面YINGTUKAO乏皿鹏XUEXI2田NA,YAtimingBdeviationCfiringorderDphase注：发动机的定时指的是曲拐位置的相对时间，在此定时下，循环的每个动作开始和完成，故选A。0063.Enginereferstotherelativetimeofpositionofcrank,atwhicheachoperationduringthecycleiscommencedandiscompleted.A.timingB.powerC.firingorderD.deadce

59、nter注：发动机的定时指的是曲拐位置的相对时间，在此定时下，循环的每个动作开始和完成，（见上题）故选A。0064.Exhausttemperatureincreasesinallcylinders,thepossiblecausemaybeIincreasedscavengingairtemperatureIIairinfuelpumpsandfuelvalvesIIIfoulingofairandgaspassages.，AI+IIB，I+IIICII+IIIDI+II+IIITOC o 1-5 h z注：所有气缸的排温上升，可能原因有：扫气空气温度过高，空气和废气通道污垢，喷油泵和油头存

60、在空气往往会造成喷油延时，故选B。0065.Foradieselengine,whenthepistonisatthe,thecylindervolumeisthelargest.ATDCBDTCCBDCDDBC注：当活塞处于下止点时，活塞和气缸构成的容积最大，故选C。0066.Foranordinaryfour-strokedieselenginetheexhaustvalvesclose.A.afterTDCB.beforeTDCC.afterBDCD.beforeBDC注：对于四冲程机，排气阀往往在上止点之后关闭，故选A010067.Foranordinaryfour-strokeeng