新人教选择性必修一 Unit 1：Discover Useful Structures

1、Discover Useful Structures【版本：新人教册别：选择性必修一】 Unit 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT目录页contentsLead-inNon-restrictive attributive clauseHomeworkLanguage pointsLead-in1. This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin

2、, a crucial new treatment for malaria.2. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.3. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.读以下课文原句，完成

3、方框下的小题Lead-in4. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.5. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.6. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.1. 第_句是限制性定语从句，第_句是非限制性定语从句。

4、2. 第1句中的关系词在定语从句中作 。3. 第2句中的关系词在定语从句中作 。4. 第3、4、5、6句中的关系词在定语从句中作 。1、2、5、63、4定语地点状语主语Lead-inIINon-restrictive attributive clause一、非限制性定语从句的用法非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对主句的内容或先行词进行补充、解释或附加说明，缺少也不会影响对全句的理解。它与主句或先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，常常单独翻译，没有它，主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有 as, which, who, whom, whose 等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语

5、及定语。关系副词有 when, where 等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中一般不能省略，注意：that, why 不用来引导非限制性定语从句。The sun, which rises in the east, gives us heat and light.太阳从东方升起，带给我们光和热。Non-restrictive attributive clause二、非限制性定语从句应注意的问题(1) 关系代词 as 和 which 既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。as 在从句中作主语或宾语，as 引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时

6、还可插入主句中；而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可指代主句的整个内容。Non-restrictive attributive clause1. 关系代词 as 和 whichAs is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth.众所周知，月球绕着地球转。The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.出乎我们意料的是，天气变得非常好。Non-restrictive attributive

7、clause(2) 当定语从句放在主句后面时，as 也并非永远等于 which。 当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用 which。He came here very late, which was unexpected. 让人没想到的是，他来得非常晚。 当 as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态，如：be known，be said, be reported, be announced 等。如果从句中的动词是主动语态，一般用 which 作主语。She has been absent again, as is expected. 她又缺席了，这在意料之中。Non-restrictiv

8、e attributive clause as 常用在 as seems likely, as often happens, as was said earlier, as I remember, as I understand, as appears 等结构中，意思是“正如”。Jack has won the first prize, as often happens.正如经常发生的那样，杰克得了一等奖。She has read widely in Romantic literature, as appears from her essay.她广泛涉猎了浪漫主义文学，这从她的文章中可以看出来

9、。 as 仍然保持作连词时常用的含义，意思是“和一样”。David is very tall, as are my brothers.戴维很高，我的兄弟们也一样高。Non-restrictive attributive clause as is known to all 众所周知 as you know 正如你所知道的那样 as is expected 正如所预料的那样 as we expected 正如我们所期待的 as has been mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 as is reported / said 正如报道 / 所说的那样Non-restrictive at

10、tributive clause as 常见搭配王芳通过了考试，这让我很吃惊。误：Wang Fang passed her exam, that surprised me a great deal.正：Wang Fang passed her exam, which surprised me a great deal. Non-restrictive attributive clause2. 大多数关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，但 that 一般不用来引导非限制性定语从句。This is the pen (which / that) I bought yesterday.

11、这是我昨天买的钢笔。The pen, which I bought yesterday, has been given to my friend.我昨天买的笔，现已送给我的朋友了。Non-restrictive attributive clause3. 关系代词的省略情况。不同的关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中，所有的关系词均不可省略。 “介词关系代词”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。 “介词 which”有时还可以与关系副词 where, when, why 等互换；“介词 whom / whose” 在定语从句中没有与之对应的关系词可替代

12、。He came to a farm, on which (where) he finally settled down.他来到一个农场，并最终在那里定居。Non-restrictive attributive clause4. “介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的不同(1) 限制性定语从句常紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，主、从句之间不用逗号隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号隔开，并且as引导的非限制性定语从句还可放在主句之前。His friend who works in Beijing visited him yesterday. (限制性定

13、语从句)His father, who works in Beijing, returned yesterday. (非限制性定语从句)As you know, I dont like going out at weekends. (非限制性定语从句)Non-restrictive attributive clause(2) 限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子。He studied hard at school when he was young, which led to his success in his la

14、ter life.Non-restrictive attributive clause(3) that 可用来引导限制性定语从句，但一般不用来引导非限制性定语从句；引导限制性定语从句的关系代词，如果在从句中作宾语，口语中常可以省略；引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，即使在从句中作宾语，一般也不省略。His English, which used to be very poor, is now excellent. (句中 which 不可换成 that)This morning I met Tom, whom I hadnt seen for ages. (句中 whom 一般不省略)Non-r

15、estrictive attributive clause(4) 翻译时限制性定语从句通常被翻译到先行词的前面，而非限制性定语从句常常单独译成一句话放在主句之后，用来补充说明主句。The new bicycle which my brother rides was bought this year. (限制性定语从句)我哥哥骑着的那辆新自行车是今年买的。My brother rides a new bike, which was bought this year. (非限制性定语从句)我哥哥骑着一辆新自行车，这辆自行车是今年买的。Non-restrictive attributive clau

16、se一、单句语法填空。1. Mr Smith, native language is English, can speak Chinese fluently.2. We will be shown around the city, schools and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go.3. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of _ are sold abroad.4. is known to all, Madame Curie wo

17、n the Nobel Prize twice for her great scientific discoveries.即学即练Non-restrictive attributive clausewhosewherewhichAs5. This is Mr Smith, I think has something interesting to tell you.6. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy.7. I have invited

18、 some friends to the party, most of are from abroad.8. There are two buildings, the larger of stands nearly a hundred feet high.9. The children, wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.10. He likes Paris, _ he has lived for a long time.Non-restrictive attributive clausewhowhichwhom

19、whichwhowhere二、完成句子。1. Last week I passed the examination, .上周我通过了考试，那是很重要的考试。2. Tom sold his house, .汤姆卖掉了他的房子，这 （件事）使他的父亲很生气。3. The professor has two sons, are studying in the same university.教授有两个儿子，他们都在同一所大学读书。4. , he studies very hard.正如我们所知，他学习非常刻苦。5. We will put off the outing until next week

20、, .我们要把远足延期到下周，那时我们就不会这么忙了。Non-restrictive attributive clausewhich was importantwhich made his father very angryboth of whom As we all knowwhen we wont be so busy三、短文填空。 I will never forget the days _ I lived in the country. I saw some trees _ leaves were black with disease. Is this room _ he lived

21、in last year? Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. The beautiful views and the friendly people are _ newcomers like, and _ our bus drove through the city, suddenly

22、those of us _ were tired of the long journey were now energetic and excited. The main street is lined with small stands and shops _ sell almost anything _ you can imagine.Non-restrictive attributive clausewhen whose the one that / which whatwhen who that / which that 1. Consequently, she succeeded i

23、n making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, _ can reduce oral bacteria. (2019 北京)2. Many young people, most of _ were well educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dream. (2016 江苏)3. That summer, _ the other teams enjoyed their vacations, we met every day and practised passing

24、and kicking the football. (2018 天津)4. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. (2017 天津)高考链接Non-restrictive attributive clausewhichwhomwhenwhoseLanguage PointsIII1be in power2beyond ones control3under construction4with the help of sb5a flow chart6Chinese herbal medicine7work best for my cough超出某人的控制在建设中在某人的帮助下流程图中草药；中药对我的咳嗽效果最好Language Points: Important phrases (P5)当权；执政1. This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisini