2023版高考英语一轮总复习第2部分基础语法讲练专题2句法篇第4讲特殊句式课件

1、专题二句法篇第4讲特殊句式高考感知1(2021北京卷改编)If _(select), you will be contacted by a manager.【答案与解析】1selected考查省略。这是一个省略了主语和be (you are)的状语从句。故填selected。2(2021全国新高考卷改编)Im not sad about it. Im handson with them every day at the zoo, and I _(do) look back very fondly on the time that we had them.【答案与解析】2do考查强调。这里是强调

2、动作“look back”。由于空格前面的时态用的是一般现在时(Im )。故填助动词do。3(2021全国卷改编)Here _(be) a few pointers. 【答案与解析】3are考查倒装。这是一个倒装句，句子的主语为 “a few pointers”，是复数形式。故动词要用are。4(2021全国卷改编)Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone _(be) the days of thousands standing to watch the match. 【答案与解析】4are考查倒装。这是一个倒装句，句子的主语为 “the

3、days of thousands standing to watch the match”，比较长，主语的核心词是 “the days”，是复数形式。故动词要用are。5(2020全国卷改编)While _(enjoy)being close to nature，we began to help pick peaches covering every tree.【答案与解析】5enjoying考查省略句式。句意：在享受亲近大自然的同时，我们开始帮忙摘覆盖在每一棵树上的桃子。while引导状语从句的时候，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且谓语动词含有be动词，此时从句可以省略主语和be动词。

4、6(2020全国卷改编)In ancient China _(live) an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.【答案与解析】6lived考查倒装句式。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。当时间状语“In ancient China”位于句首，句子要用全部倒装。同时根据“In ancient China”可知，时态应用一般过去时。7(2020全国卷改编)_ possible，shall we meet you in your office at 10 am.tomorrow?【答案与解析】7If考查省略句式。句意：如果可能的话，

5、我们明天上午10点在你的办公室见面好吗？这里是一个省略句，补充完整后为“If it is possible”。8(2020天津卷改编)Such_(be)my understanding about growing up.【答案与解析】8is考查倒装句式。句意：这就是我对成长的理解。副词such位于句首，句子要倒装，句子的主语是“my understanding about growing up”。故填单数第三人称形式is。9(2020浙江卷改编)_(get) plenty of rest and take good care of yourself.【答案与解析】9Get考查省略句式。句意：好

6、好休息，好好照顾自己。句式为“祈使句and主句”。10(2019天津卷改编)The professor warned the students that on no account _ they use mobile phones in his class.【答案与解析】10should考查倒装句式。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account“决不”，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装。应该填should。考情分析在语法填空中，强调句是高考的难点，倒装句是高考的热点。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈使句和there be句型的各种时态的应用也是高考考查的重点项

7、目。考点突破特殊句式作为英语表达的一种特殊形式，在某些场合会起到强调、简洁、有力、表述地道的作用。在高考试题中不乏对此的考查，考生在备考过程中要关注这种句式结构的用法。考点一强调句式1强调句型(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was被强调部分that句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。注意强调主语时要注意连接词与谓语的一致性。It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.是我们的老师帮助我们取得了巨大的进步。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：I

8、s/Wasit被强调部分that/who句子其他部分？Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat/who句子其他部分？When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？他是什么时候决定上这门课的？温馨提示由疑问词引导的强调结构作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.他问我是

9、谁错拿了他的伞。(4)not until 句型的强调结构：It is/was not until that句子其他部分。It was not until twelve oclock last night that I went to bed.昨天晚上直到十二点我才去睡觉。2强调谓语动词用助动词do，does或did 来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。The family did manage to send him to a technical school.这家人确实设法把他送到了一所技术学校。3强调句型与三大从句的区别类型区别与主语从句强调句

10、型去掉It is/was和that 之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能It is there that accidents often happen.(强调句型)It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(主语从句)类型区别与定语从句强调句型中that没有意义，且不作任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading.(强调句型)It is a question that ne

11、eds careful consideration.(定语从句)与时间状语从句强调句型去掉It is/was和that后，句子结构仍然完整，而在It is when 中，It指代时间It was at six oclock that I got up today.(强调句型)It was six oclock when I got up today.(时间状语从句)考点二省略句式1状语从句的省略在时间、让步、方式、地点等状语从句中，如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。When walking the do

12、g on the street the other day, I met one of my old friends.前几天当我在路上遛狗的时候，我遇到了我的一个老朋友。If asked to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.如果你被要求替别人照看行李，请立即通知警察。2不定式的省略(1)不定式作动词expect, refuse, mean, like, love, prefer，wish，hope，want 等的宾语时，常承前省略不定式后的内容，但保留不定式符号to。John didnt pass

13、his driving test, but I expected him to.约翰没有通过驾照考试，不过我希望他能通过。(2)当不定式在形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted，anxious 等后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。Would you like to come to the party?Id glad to (come to the party)你愿意来参加聚会吗？我很高兴去参加聚会。注意如果不定式中含有be，have，have been时，通常保留be，have，have been。(3)so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的

14、肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在Im afraid, I hope, I think, I guess, I believe等开头的答句中。Do you think it will rain？你认为会下雨吗？I hope so/not.我希望下/不下。(4)常用的与if相关的省略结构if ever如果曾经发生过的话if busy 如果忙的话if anything如果有什么不同if possible如果可能的话if so如果这样的话if not 如果不的话if necessary 如果必要的话考点三倒装句式1部分倒装(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有

15、： never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcelywhen， no soonerthan， not onlybut also， notuntil, nowhere, neithernor等。We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work.我们听到笑话就笑，但很少思考笑话是如何起作用的。(2)“only状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。Only when he returned did we

16、 find out the truth.只有当他回来之后，我们才发现事实的真相。(3)so/such that 结构中的so，such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.这位小女孩非常漂亮，以至于她赢得了选美比赛的冠军。(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so 表示肯定意义，neither/nor 表示否定意义)。This is not my

17、 story; nor is it the whole story.My story plays out differently.这不是我的故事；这也不是故事的全部。我的故事结局不同。(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Strange as it may sound, if youre unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.尽管这听起来很奇怪，但是如

18、果你不满意，问题不是缺少满足你的愿望的方法，而是你根本就没有愿望。2全部倒装(1)here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away，on the wall，in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.一位年轻人坐在窗户旁边，手里拿着一本杂志。(2)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。Pres

19、ent at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。考点四其他特殊句式1感叹句(1)what引导的感叹句Whata/an形容词单数可数名词(主语谓语)!What a beautiful house it is！多么美丽的花啊！What形容词不可数名词/可数名词复数(主语谓语)!What interesting stories hes told us!他给我们讲的故事真有趣！(2)how引导的感叹句How形容词a/an可数名词单数(主语谓语)!How clever a boy he is！What a

20、 clever boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀！How形容词/副词主语谓语！How high the mountain is！这山真高呀！2祈使句祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。一般不出现主语，谓语动词一律用原形；否定词一律在动词前加dont。祈使句的强调形式是在句首加do。Do be careful while you are crossing the street.过马路时一定要小心。3反意疑问句反意疑问句由“陈述句反问句”构成，若陈述句为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式，反之亦然。(1)陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问词用neednt; 当为m

21、ustnt(不允许，禁止)时，其反意疑问词用must。You must go now, neednt you?你现在必须走，不是吗？You mustnt smoke here, must you?你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式要根据must后面的动词所表示的时间来确定。You must have watched the football match last night, didnt you？你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了，是吧？(2)陈述部分含有used to时，疑问词用usednt或didnt均可。You used to play foo

22、tball, usednt/didnt you?你过去常常踢足球，是吗？(3)陈述部分含有ought to时，疑问词用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。He ought to attend the meeting，oughtnt/shouldnt he?他应该参加会议，不是吗？(4)陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句当陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little, nothing，nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用肯定式。He could hardly get up，could he? 他几乎起不来了，不是吗？陈述部分含有由表示否定意

23、义的前缀或后缀构成的词，反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定式。Mary dislikes sports，doesnt she?玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？陈述部分含有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。He said that she would come here on time，didnt he? 他说她会准时来这里，不是吗？温馨提示当主句是I think/believe/suppose等结构时，反意疑问部分往往根据宾语从句的主语和谓语而定，需特别注意否定转移的现象中的肯定式和否定式。I dont think he will attend the meeting on time

24、，will he?我认为他不会准时参加会议，是吗？技巧点拨语法填空解题“2步骤”1注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式。2根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。(1)看到倒装句，要注意其谓语动词的人称和单复数形式；(2)看到there be句型要注意主谓一致和时态。对点特训.单句语法填空1The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the party, _ did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.2Absurd_ it might sound, everyone present was amuse

25、d by his adventure story in Africa.【答案】1nor2as/though3On the top of the hill _(stand) a temple where the old man once lived.4But the fighting scenes alone dont explain the movies successits also the patriotism (爱国主义) and spirit of the film projects_ have deeply impressed Chinese audiences.【答案】3stand

26、s4that5The police were seeking more information to find out who it was_ killed the rich merchant.6Who should be responsible for the action? The boss is to blame.The employees just carried out the order as _(tell)7When_(expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nerv

27、ous or anxious.8We dont believe that the news is true，_(be) it?【答案】5that6 told7exposed8is.写作运用1关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。_2玛丽(Mary)不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？_【答案】1There seems to be an announcement about the project.2Mary dislikes sports, doesnt she?3你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？_4这山真高呀！_【答案】3You mustnt smoke here, must you?4How high the moun

28、tain is!5上周我看了哈利波特这部电影，她也看了。_6直到那时我才意识到了健康的重要性。_【答案】5I saw the film Harry Potter last week，so did she.6It was not until then that I realized the importance of health.语法填空(以特殊句式为主)Our school library，along with many other buildings，is very different from other schools.There 1_(be) two computer rooms，three art rooms，a meeting room and a rea