考研英语开班测试

1、 考研英语开班测试试卷共分为三部分：第一部分：单项填空，共15道题，每题1分；第二部分:完形填空，共20道题，每题】分；第三部分：阅读理解，共三篇文章，每篇各有5道题，共15道题。第一篇阅读，每题I分；第二、三篇阅读，每题2分。测试时间：60分钟。试卷总分:60分姓名【填空题* （答案请设置答案）【第一部分:单项填空】However, some actors us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us fbr a character they are playing.单选题*astonishedastonishingastonishis a

2、stonishedHe was a figure in the French film industry.单选题*dominantlydominantdominancedominantsThe morning after your arrival, you meet with the physician for a private consultation,（单选题*residentsresident: ZE礁苓奏 residenceresidences a reply, he decided to write again.单选题*Not receivingReceivingNot havin

3、g receivedHaving not receivedWith lots of trees and flowers here and there, the city looks very beautiful. |单选 题*having plantedplanted王礁答奏）have been plantedto be planted6.1 have bought two ball-pens, writes well.单选题*none of themneither of themneither of whichnone of whichGreat changes have taken pla

4、ce since then in the factory we are working. | 单 选题*wherehatwhichthereThe engineer my father works is about 50 years old.单选题翌to whomon whomwith whichwith whomThe reason he didnt come was he was ill.单选题*why; that 工案）that;whyfor that;lhatfbr which;whatIs some German friends visited last week?单选题*this

5、schoolthis the schoolthis school onethis school where r 5；r 答突 iThey are not very good, but we like .单选题*anyway to play basketball with themto play basketball with them anywayto play with them basketball anywaywith them to play basketball anywayHe sent me an e-mail, to get further information.单选题准A.

6、 hopedB hoping M糸答至ito hopehope in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.单 选题*A. Being roundedB it was foundedFounded ZE确答案）FoundingThe boy was last seen near the East Lake.单选题*Missing, playing 王傩答奚）missing, playC missed, playedD missed, to playTony was very unhap

7、py for to the party,单选题*having not been invitednot having invitedhaving not invitedD not having been invited 正确答案）【第二部分:完形填空】A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concreteand

8、 fewer trees. Such 62 tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people 63 it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that cant be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been 64 us fbr a long time. Most experts agree that the changes were 65 to something in the envi

9、ronment, says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a 66 of the green.The new research, 67 in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isnt the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer 6

10、8 identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood 69 means more places fbr kids to play - which is 70 since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of childrens activity levels. But green space is good fbr the mind 71 : research by environmental psych

11、ologists has shown that it has cognitive 72 for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading 73 in a green setting improved kids symptoms. 74 to grassy areas has also been linked to 75 stress and a lower body mass index （体重指数）among adults. And an 76 of 3,000 Tokyo residents a

12、ssociated walkable green spaces with greater longevity （长寿）among senior citizens.Glass cautions that most studies dont 77 prove a causal link between greenness and health, but theyre nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of Representatives 78 the delightfully named No Child L

13、eft Inside Act to encouragepublic initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.Finding green space is not 79 easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take 80 of whats there. Your children in particular

14、will love it 一 and their bodies and minds will be 81 to you.16.单选题*A）findingsB）thesesC）hypothesesabstracts单选题*adaptattributeallocatealternate单选题*amongstalongbesidewith单选题*gluedrelatedtrackedappointed单选题为scrapingdenyingdepressingshrinking单选题*publishedsimulatedilluminatedcirculated单选题*atto(正确答案)forove

15、r单选题*fullysimplyseriouslyuniquely【单选题广vitalcasualQfatalD)subtle单选题*stillalreadytoo(正 qyel【单选题*benefits(正石profitsrevenuesawards单选题*outwardapartasideoutside。单选题*ImmunityReactionExposure(正确答Addiction【单选题为muchlessmorelittle单选题*installmentexpeditionanalysis(正option单选题广curiouslynegativelynecessarilycomfor

16、tably单选题*relieveddelegatedapproved 上刁performed单选题*merelyalwaysmainlyalmost单选题*advantage(正耳exceptionmeasurechargeI单选题Ielevatedmercifulcontentedgrateful【第三部分:阅读理解】Passage 1Wil) there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A

17、 new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasnt been bom yet, or is a baby now. Thats because the quest for a unified theory that would account f

18、or all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einst

19、eins day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einsteins training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he

20、read as a teenagerKant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasnt long before he became a philosopher himself.The independence created by philosophical insight isin my opinionthe mark of distinction between a me

21、re artisan (工匠)or specialist and a real seeker after truth, Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think :hrough a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced mi

22、llions of physicists. There arent many jobs in science fbr them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practicaland rewarding ffbrts.Maybe there is an Einstein out there today, said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, but it would be a lot hard

23、er fbr him to be heard.Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea! Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. 4it takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe youll

24、find the solution.Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his miracle year of 1905. These “thought experiments were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.W

25、hat might happen to such a submission today?We all get papers like those in the mail, Greene said. We put them in the junk file.What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?单选 题*Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.It will take another Einstein to build a

26、unified theory.No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.D| It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.正消谷案）What was critical to Einsteins success?单选题| *His talent as an accomplished musician.IB| His independent and abstract thinking.C| His untiring effort to fulfill h

27、is potential.His solid foundation in math theory.What does the author tell us about physicists today?单选题* |A| They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.|B| They are very good at solving practical problems.They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.They often go into fields y

28、ielding greater financial benefits.What does Brian Greene imply by saying . it would be a lot harder for him to be heard (Lines 1-2, Para. 9)?单选题*A| People have to compete in order to get their papers published.|B| It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.Papers like Einsteins w

29、ould unlikely get published today.Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein .单选题*forgot to make footnotes and citationswas little known in academic circleswas known as a young genius in math calculationsknew nothing about the format of a

30、cademic papersPassage 2The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies

31、; however, the conveniional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic per

32、formance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and. as a result, radicallyhigher standards ofliving.Ironically, the first evidence for thi

33、s idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotiveas

34、sembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts - a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the r

35、esearchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industrys work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspec

36、t that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. After all, thats how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didnt have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when

37、 humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things. As education improved, humanitys productivity potential increased as well.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasi

38、ngly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader fomi

39、al education. A lack of formal education, however, doesnt constrain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isnrt developing more quickly there than i

40、t is.The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor 单选题*countries|A| is subject to groundless doubts.has fallen victim of bias.is conventionally downgraded.has been overestimated. 浦 ；?丨It is stated in Paragraph I that the construction of a new educational system 单选题*A| chal

41、lenges economists and politicians.BI takes efforts of generations.demands priority from the government.requires sufficient labor force.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that 单选题卜the Japanese workforce is better disciplined.the Japanese workforce is more productive.the U.

42、S. workforce has a better education.the U.S. workforce is more organized.The author quotes the example of our ancestors lo show that education emerged 单 选题*A when people had enough time.B| prior to better ways of finding food.when people no longer went hungryE确答幻as a result of pressure on government

43、.According to the last paragraph, development of education 单选题*results directly from competitive environments.does not depend on economic performance.C| follows improved productivity.王蜂絲至 D cannot afford political changes.Passage 3A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more specie

44、s in which one species lives in or on another species. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community; that is, all the populations of organisms living together and

45、potentially interacting in a particular area.Parasitism is a kind of predator-prey relationship in which one organism, the parasite, derives its food at lhe expense of its symbiotic associate, the host. Parasites are usually smaller than their hosts. An example of a parasite is a tapeworm that lives

46、 inside the intestines of a larger animal and absorbs nutrients from its host. Natural selection favors the parasites that are best able to find and feed on hosts. At the same time, defensive abilities of hosts are also selected for. As an example, plants make chemicals toxic to fungal and bacterial

47、 parasites, along with ones toxic to predatory animals (sometimes they are the same chemicals). In vertebrates, the immune system provides a multiple defense against internal parasites.At times, it is actually possible to watch the effects of natural selection in host-parasite relationships. For exa

48、mple, Australia during the 1940 s was overrun by hundreds of millions of European rabbits. The rabbits destroyed huge expanses of Australia and threatened the sheep and cattle industries. In 1950, myxoma virus, a parasite that affects rabbits, was deliberately introduced into Australia to control th

49、e rabbit population. Spread rapidly by mosquitoes, the virus devastated the rabbit population. The virus was less deadly to lhe offspring of surviving rabbits, however, and it caused less and less harm over the years. Apparently, genotypes (the genetic make-up of an organism) in the rabbit populatio

50、n were selected that were better able to resist the parasite. Meanwhile, the deadliest strains of the virus perished with their hosts as natural selection favored strains that could infect hosts but not kill them. Thus, natural selection stabilized this hostparasite relationship.In contrast to paras

51、itism, in commensalism, one partner benefits without significantly affecting the other. Few cases of absolute commensalism probably exist, because it is unlikely that one of the partners will be completely unaffected. Commensal associations sometimes involve one species obtaining food that is inadve

52、rtently exposed by another. For instance, several kinds of birds feed on insects flushed out of the grass by grazing cattle. It is difficult to imagine how this could affect the cattle, but the relationship may help or hinder them in some way not yet recognized.The third type of symbiosis, mutualism

53、, benefits both partners in the relationship Legume plants and their nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the interactions between flowering plants and their pollinators, are examples of mutualistic association. In the first case, the plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates and other organic compoun

54、ds, and the bacteria have enzymes that act as catalysts that eventually add nitrogen to the soil, enriching it. In the second case, pollinators (insects, birds) obtain food from the flowering plant, and the plant has its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would be

55、 if they were carried by the wind only. Another example of mutualism would be the bulls horn acacia tree, which grows in Central and South America. The tree provides a place to live for ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex. The ants live in large, hollow thorns and eat sugar secreted by the tree. The ants

56、 also eat yellow structures at the tip of leaflets: these are protein rich and seem to have no function fbr the tree except to attract ants. The ants benefit the host tree by attacking virtually anything that touches it. They sting other insects and large herbivores (animals that eat only plants) an

57、d even clip surrounding vegetation that grows near the tree. When the ants are removed, the trees usually die, probably because herbivores damage them so much that they are unable to compete with surrounding vegetation for light and growing space.The complex interplay of species in symbiotic relationships highlights an important point about communities: Their structure depends on a web of diverse connections among organisms.Which of the following statements about commensalism can be inferred from paragraph 1?单选题*It excludes interactions between more than two species.It makes it