中英文文献翻译-AMT变速器

1、 附 录附录 A电控机械式自动变速器（AMT）是在传统的手动齿轮式变速器基础上改进而来的；它揉合了 AT（自动） 和 MT（手动）两者优点的机电液一体化自动变速器；AMT既具有液力自动变速器自动变速的优点，又保留了原手动变速器齿轮传动的效率高、成本低、结构简单、易制造的长处。它揉合了二者优点，是非常适合我国国情的机电液一体化自动变速器。它是在现生产的机械变速器上进行改造的，保留了绝大部分原总成部件，只改变其中手动操作系统的换档杆部分，生产继承性好，改造的投入费用少，非常容易被生产厂家接受。它的缺点是非动力换档，这可以通过电控软件方面来得到一定弥补。在几种自动变速器中，AMT的性价比最高。AMT

2、用先进的电子技术改造传统的手动变速器,不仅保留了原齿轮变速器效率高、低成本的长处,而且还具备了液力自动变速器采用自动换档所带来的全部优点。它以特有的经济、方便、安全、舒适性而备受所有驾驶者的欢迎,成为各国开发的热点。驾驶员通过加速踏板和操纵杆向电子控制单元（ECU）传递控制信号；电子控制单元采集发动机转速传感器、车速传感器等信号，时刻掌握着车辆的行驶状态；电子控制单元（ECU）根据这些信号按存储于其中的最佳程序，最佳换档规律、离合器模糊控制规律、发动机供油自适应调节规律等，对发动机供油、离合器的分离与结合、变速器换档三者的动作与时序实现最佳匹配。从而获得优良的燃油经济性与动力性能以及平稳起步与

3、迅速换档的能力，以达到驾驶员所期望的结果。AMT是对传统干式离合器和手动齿轮变速器进行电子控制实现自动换档的新式变速器，其控制过程基本是模拟驾驶员的操作。控制单元(ECU)的输入有：驾驶员的意图-加速踏板、档位选择；汽车的工作状态-发动机转速、节气门开度、车速等。控制单元(ECU)根据换档规律、离合器控制规律、发动机节气门自适应调节规律产生的输出，对节气门开度、离合器、换档操纵三者进行综合控制，有效配合。AMT由于继承了齿轮传动固有的传动效率高、机构紧凑、工作可靠等优点，并可以实现手动和自动两种模式选择，因此有较强的可靠性和适应性。一些专家认为，它具有比 AT更大的发展优势。AMT在美国和欧洲

4、已实现了商品化。据预测，到 2008年，欧洲近 50%的 MT将被 AMT代，部分 AT市场也会被 AMT占据。近几年重型汽车发动机功率 200350kW，输出扭矩 9002200Nm，需要爬行档 速比为 1017，要求档位间隔小，速比阶小于 30%，这就需要使用更多的档位(816个前进挡)，而且越来越多地采用副变速器的多档位变速器。副变速器的采用和档位数的增多，加大了驾驶员的操纵难度和劳动强度，变速器的故障率上升，手动机械式操纵机构已不适应当今重型汽车的发展。我国从 20 世纪 80 年代初就开始了 AMT 技术的研究工作，并取得了一系列成果。在 AMT 技术理论上的研究与国际水平相当，但在

5、产品化方面，与国外的差距较大。在 AMT 技术理论研究取得一系列成果后，目前国内研究主要集中在提高系统可靠性、适应性和降低成本上。北京理工大学正在与国内几家汽车公司和变速器生产厂家合作开发 AMT 产品，这促进了 AMT 技术商品化、产业化。经过 20 余年的探索和发展，我国对 AMT 技术的研究已经逐步走向成熟，已具备了向商品化、产业化转变的条件。推广 AMT 系列化产品不仅符合我国国情，而且市场发展潜力巨大。欧洲最大的独立汽车变速器供应商 GETRAG 公司在我国进行了广泛的市场调查后也认为，我国的重型汽车AMT 市场前景广阔。 附录 BElectronically controlled

6、automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) is in thetraditional manual transmission gear based on the improvement comes; it combines the AT(automatic) and MT (manual) the advantages of mechanical and electronic integrationbetween the two automatic transmission; AMT bothautomatic transmission with a hyd

7、raulicautomatic transmission advantage of retaining the original manual transmission, geartransmission, high efficiency, low cost, simple structure, easy manufacturing strengths.Itcombines the advantages of the two is very suitable for Chinas mechanical and electronicintegration automatic transmissi

8、on.It is now on the production of mechanical transmission,transformation, retaining most of the original assembly of components, changing only onemanual shift lever part of the operating system, the production of inheritance is good, lessthe cost of transformation of inputs, very easy to be produced

9、manufacturers to accept.Thedisadvantage non-power shift, which can be electronically controlled by a certain softwareto make up.In several automatic transmission, AMTs cost-effective.AMT with advanced electronic technology to transform traditional manualtransmission, gear transmission, not only reta

10、ined the original high efficiency, low-costadvantages, but also with a hydraulic automatic transmission with automatic shift all theadvantages brought about.Its special economic, convenience, safety, comfort and muchwelcomed by all drivers, as countries in the development of the hot spots.Driver thr

11、ough theaccelerator pedal and joystick to the electronic control unit (ECU) to pass control signals;electronic control unit acquisition engine speed sensors, speed sensors and other signals,always hold the state of the vehicle; electronic control unit (ECU) based on these signalsbystored in one of t

12、he best procedures, the best shift schedule, clutch fuzzy control law,rules and other adaptive engine oil, engine oil, the separation and combination of clutch,transmission shift action and timing to achieve the three mostgood match.To obtain goodfuel economy and dynamic performance and a smooth sta

13、rt with the ability to quickly shiftto achieve the desired results the driver.AMT is a traditional dry clutch and manual transmission, electronic control gear shiftof the new automatic transmission, the control process is basically a simulation of thedrivers operation. Control unit (ECU) of the inpu

14、t are: the drivers intentions - theaccelerator pedal, gear selection; car working condition - engine speed, throttle opening, vehicle speed and so on. Control unit (ECU) according to shift schedule, clutch control law,law of the engine throttle adaptive output generated on the throttle, clutch, gear

15、 shift controlmanipulation of the three comprehensive and effective cooperation.In recent years heavy vehicle engine power 200 350kW, the output torque of 900 2200N m, need to crawl stall speed ratio of 10 to 17, requires a small stall interval, theratio is less than 30% of the order, which need to

16、use more Stalls (8 to 16 forward gears),and more and more use of multi-gear transmission, auxiliary transmission. The use ofauxiliary transmission and increase the number of stalls, increasing the drivers manipulationof the difficulty and labor intensity, the failure rate of increase in transmission

17、, manualmechanical control mechanism is not suited to the development of todays heavy vehicles.Of the early 80s from the 20th century began AMT technology, research, and made aseries of achievements. Theoretical research in AMT technology and international level, butthe products are concerned, the l

18、arger the gap with foreign countries.Theoretical research in AMT technology made a series of results, currently mainlyfocused on improving system reliability, flexibility and lower costs. Beijing Institute ofTechnology is working with several domestic auto companies and manufacturers to developAMT transmission products, which promote the AMT technology commercialization andindustrialization. After 20 years of exploration and development, technology research inChina on the AMT has gradually become mature, already has the commercialization andindustrialization