中英文文献翻译-汽车电动助力转向系统发展综述

1、 附 录 A 外文文献Overview ofDevelopment on Vehicle EPS SystemAbstractThe currentdevelopment of an electric power steering(EPS) system in anautomobile is explicated. The structure, types and characteristics of electric powersteering system are introduced. The modeling technologies for electric power steeri

2、ngsystem and control strategies are analyzed and compared. The development trend ofelectric power steering system in an automobile is also discussed. It is pointed that theelectric power steering technology is one orientation ofpower steering technologies inthe future, and whichwill occupy a predomi

3、nantposition in power steering field.Key words:Automobile; Electric power steering system; Development trend1 EPS system types and characteristics1.1 EPS system classificationThe early development of EPS system is low in steering type car。Present 4 typesof EPS system are based on rack-and pinion ste

4、ering system ,The installation positionaccording to power motors can be divided into different:Type booster steering、Smallgear power type、Double small gear power type and Rack power type。The steeringthe instrumentality of motor power type EPS installed in the steering,Motor powertorque through incre

5、ased after worm worm gear deceleration in the steering directlyadded twist。Its advantage is motor can be installed in any position hacking ,Relativeto other several types minimum cost ;The drawback to motor torque ripple effects ofdriver feel bigger。The drawback to motor torque ripple effects of dri

6、ver feelbigger,The instrumentality of torque motor added in small gear axle directly。Advantage: rigid, steering road to feel strong。Double pinion steering rack boosts typeEPS are installed on two small gear, A small gear and steering plate connected,power motors through another pinion and rack meshi

7、ng, provide power for rack.Advantage: can provide relatively large pow.1.2 EPS system merit EPS system and the traditional hydraulic power steering system has thefollowing advantages compared（1)EPS in various riding condition can provides the best efforts 。In the car orparking at Treasury and low-sp

8、eed steering provide enough power for the driver ，Inhigh-speed steering made drivers have good road feeling，And reduce caused bypavement of rough disturbance of steering system ， Improving auto steeringcharacteristics。（2）Improve the car fuel economy，Urban conditions can improve fuel economy.(3) the

9、average 5%, saving fuel 3. EPS system only when the vehicle steering onlyprovide power, Unlike traditional hydraulic power steering system even in dontturn,Pumps have been running.（3）EPS system structure is compact, parts, convenient in installation andsmaller number to assemble, enhanced the labor

10、productivity due to tell the packed inengine pulleys and oil pump, set aside of the space can be used to install other parts ofFIAT Punto production company adopted DELPHI company developed the electricpower steering system, loading time reduced around 80 percent.（4）EPS system cancelled hydraulic lo

11、op, there is no oil leakage and oil leakageproblem, reduce the pollution to the environment, and save a lot of steering oil.（5）EPS system has the function of self diagnosis, convenient in maintenanceand maintenance.（ 6 ） EPS system has good low temperature performance, even in 40environment, EPS sys

12、tem also can work very well, has higher reliability and safety.（7） EPS systems biggest advantage is the performance of the whole systemcan not changing the system structure of the cases, by changing the system controlstrategy of programming realize, in order to meet different models and differentdri

13、ving feel the need, greatly reduced the development cost and improve theefficiency of development.2 EPS System Key ComponentsEPS system key components Angle sensor are mainly torque sensor speed preach2.1 Corner Sorque Sensor Sensors for real-time detection of steering Angle rotation direction and s

14、teeringdisk disk position，The torque sensor for real-time detection steering dish torque size，And will signal transmission to EPS system of electronic control unit (ECU)。Cornerthe torque sensor precision problem decided the electric power steering systemperformance and reliability ，Accelerate develo

15、pment research performance reliable,low-cost corner torque sensor is very important， he cost of the sensor is restricted byTthe electric power steering system one of the main factors market.2.2 Speed SensorThe wheel speed sensors used to measure the size of the average speed speedsensor using electr

16、omagnetic induction sensor installation on the sensor in gearboxaccording to the change, the main speed pulse vice two system signals to ECU,because this was two system, therefore the signal reliability improved2.3 Power MotorsPower motors is EPS system actuators, and help motor characteristics dire

17、ctlyaffect the EPS system to control the ease or drivers handle EPS system for powermotors are basic requirements of the high reliability should be, big power, low noiseand vibration, low friction torque, small volume and weight; Can turn in blockingnext output torque; good mechanical properties, in

18、 the process of operation, as far aspossible to small torque ripple; The small inertia should as far as possible; Should beable to fast reverse current EPS system the instrumentality of permanent magnet dcmotor are usually motive brushless dc motor and switched reluctance motor dc havebrush motor ma

19、ture technology, controller, low cost, but simple existing wear easilypower dense brush Spark, need not often maintenance and high efficiency and powerdensity under。Therefore, suitable for the development of the EPS systems used lowcost high power density of brushless dc motor is the future research

20、 direction ofelectric motor booster.2.4 Reducing GearIts and motor is linked together, up slow increase twist of the decelerationagencies role EPS system often adopted worm and worm wheel mechanismcirculating ball screw nut planetary gear agencies to ensure that EPS system only in a predetermined sp

21、eed range role, some EPS system also with clutch when speed up toa certain value, clutch, motor stopped working, steering system.2.5 Electric Power SteeringElectronic control unit (ECU) function is based on steering Angle torque andspeed of the disk, logical analysis and signal, issue commands to ca

22、lculate, control theaction in addition, boosts motor has a safety protection and self ECU diagnosefunction ECU through gather current generator voltage engine conditions signal judgeits system working condition is normal, once.3 EPS System Research Situation3. 1 EPS System Development SituationEPS s

23、ystem was first by Japanese suzuki motor company in 1988 Februarydevelopment, Cervo small cars in the equipment installed in the Alto, then in 1993,Honda motor company is the worlds first put EPS as standard equipmentconfiguration in advanced sports car AcuraNSX, Japan automobile manufacturersthen t

24、he Mira and mitsubishis wrath Minica correspondingly installed EPS systemsince then, electric power to turn Booster motor,The two companies are about 70%models adopted the steering power type EPS starting and GM chose TRW companyoffers of a transitional technology, including electric hydraulic steer

25、ingtechnology,Volkswagen is in its PQ35 was used on the platform of the complex ZFprovide double small gear power type EPS.In a foreign country, EPS system application range is from original mini oncommercial to limousines MPV, booster forms from low speed range booster type tofull speed range boost

26、er type direction.At present domestic to EPS system research, mainly on the hacking power typewith mini car carry EPS system on EPS of university basically has: study of tsinghuauniversity, Beijing university of science and technology, huazhong university ofscience and technology university in Beiji

27、ng university of tianjin university of hefeitechnical university of jiangsu automobile industry of hubei province, wuhanuniversity of technology, college guangzhou Honda flying across SiDi, changheplough is the earliest equipment models, EPS EPS system makes these cars becamethe highlight of partici

28、pates in the market competition. 4 ConclusionEPS systems involve the sensor technology microelectronics control moderncontrol theory and the traditional mechanical design, EPS to represent the future carpower steering technology development direction, will serve as a standard accessoriesone of the b

29、us, and equipment in power steering field is the dominant so EPS is verywide application prospect, our country is necessary to increase investment on researchand development. 附 录 B 中文译文汽车电动助力转向系统发展综述摘要综述了国内外汽车电动助力转向(EPS)系统的发展现状,介绍了电动助力转向系统的结构、类型及其特点。分析对比了国内外电动助力转向系统建模及控制策略,展望了电动助力转向系统的发展趋势,指出电动助力转向技

30、术代表未来汽车动力转向技术的发展方向之一,并将在动力转向领域占据主导地位。关键词:汽车;电动助力转向系统;发展趋势1 EPS 系统的类型与特点1. 1 EPS系统的分类早期开发的EPS系统都是低速、驻车转向助力型。目前现有的4种类型的EPS系统都是基于齿轮齿条转向系统的,按照助力电动机的安装位置不同可以分为:转向柱助力型、小齿轮助力型、双小齿轮助力型和齿条助力型。转向柱助力型EPS的助力电动机安装在转向柱上,电动机助力转矩通过蜗杆蜗轮减速增扭后直接加在转向柱上。其优点是电动机可以安装在转向柱的任何位置,成本相对其他几种类型最低;缺点对电动机的转矩波动对驾驶员手感影响较大。小齿轮助力型EPS的助

31、力电动机通过小齿轮与齿条啮合,电动机的助力转矩直接加在小齿轮轴上。优点是:刚性好,转向路感强。双小齿轮助力型EPS的转向齿条上安装有两个小齿轮,一个小齿轮与转向盘相连,助力电动机通过另外一个小齿轮与齿条啮合,为齿条提供助力。优点是:可以提供相对较大的助力。1. 2 EPS系统的优点EPS系统与传统的液压动力转向系统相比有以下优点:（1)EPS能在各种行驶工况下提供最佳助力。在驻车或停车入库以及低速转向时为驾驶员提供足够的助力,在高速转向时使驾驶员有良好的“路感”,并减小由路面不平所引起的对转向系统的扰动,改善汽车的转向特性。（2)提高了汽车的燃油经济性,城市工况下燃油经济性可以提高3. 5%,

32、平均节省燃油3%。EPS系统仅在汽车转向时才提供助力,不像传统的液压动力转向系统即使在不转向时,油泵也一直运转。 （3)EPS系统结构紧凑,零件数量较少,便于安装和装配,提高了劳动生产率。由于省去了装于发动机上的皮带轮和油泵,留出的空间可以用于安装其他部件。FIAT公司生产的Punto采用了DELPHI公司开发的电动助力转向系统,装车时间减少了80%左右。（4)EPS系统取消了液压回路,不存在渗油和漏油问题,减少了对环境的污染,同时又节省了大量的转向助力油。（5)EPS系统具有自我诊断的功能,便于维修和保养。（6)EPS系统具有良好的低温工作性能,即使在-40的环境下,EPS系统也能很好地工作

33、,具有更高的可靠性、安全性。（7)EPS系统最大的优点就是整个系统的性能可以在不改变系统结构的情况下,通过改变系统的控制策略、编程来实现,从而满足不同的车型和不同的驾驶感觉的需要,大大减低了开发的成本,提高了开发效率。2 EPS 系统的关键部件EPS系统的关键部件主要有转角传感器、转矩传感器、车速传感器、助力电动机、减速机构和电控制单元(ECU)等。2.1 转角、转矩传感器转角传感器用于实时检测转向盘的转动方向以及转向盘的位置,转矩传感器用于实时检测转向盘转矩大小,并将信号输送到EPS系统的电控单元(ECU)。转角、转矩传感器的精度问题决定了电动助力转向系统的性能可靠性,加速开发研究性能可靠成

34、本低廉的转角、转矩传感器十分重要,传感器的成本是制约电动助力转向系统市场化的主要因素之一。2.2 车速传感器车速传感器用来测量车速的大小。车速传感器一般采用电磁感应式传感器,安装在变速箱上。该传感器根据车速的变化,把主副两个系统的脉冲信号传送给ECU,由于是两个系统,因此信号的可靠性提高了。2.3 助力电动机助力电动机是EPS系统的执行元件,助力电动机的特性直接影响到EPS系统控制的难易程度和驾驶员的手感。EPS系统对助力电动机的基本要求是:应具有高的可靠性，大的功率,低噪声和振动,较低的摩擦转矩,较小的体积和重量;能够在堵转下输出转矩;有良好的机械特性,在工作过程中,转矩波动尽量要小;转动惯量应尽可能的小;应能快速的反转。目前EPS系统的助力电动机通常有永磁直流电动 机、直流无刷电动机和开关磁阻电动机等。直流有刷电动机技术成熟,控制器简单,成本低,但存在电刷易磨损、功率密度低、由换向器的电火花产生的电磁干扰等缺点。直流无刷电动机采用电子换向,减少了换向时的电火花,不需要经常维护以及具有较高的效率和功率密度而受到越来越多的关注。因此,开发适合EPS系统使用的低成本、高功率密度的直流无刷电动机是今后助力电动机的