中英文中英文文献翻译-关于数控车床和换刀系统

1、 英文原文On the NC lathe and tool changing systemCNC machine tool numerical control machine tools (Computer numerical control machine tools)abbreviation, is provided with a program control system of automatic machine tools. The logic control systemcan deal with the control code or other symbolic instruc

2、tion specified program, and decoding the digital code,said information carrier, through the numerical control device input. After processing by CNC device controlsignals, control the machine movements, by drawing the shape and size requirements, will be automaticallyprocessed by the parts.Features:

3、CNC machine tool operation and monitoring of all completed in the numerical control unit, it isthe brain of CNC machine tools. Compared with the general machine tools, CNC machine tools has thefollowing characteristics: the processing object adaptability, adapt to the characteristics of mold product

4、s such as a singleproduction, provide the appropriate processing method for die and mould manufacturing; high machining accuracy, processing with stable quality; can coordinate linkage, processing complex shape parts; machining parts change, only need to change the program, can save the preparation

5、time of production; the machine itself high precision, rigidity, can choose the amount of processing good, high productivity(typically 3 to 5 times that of ordinary machine tool);The machine is a high degree of automation, reducing labor intensity; conducive to the production management modernizatio

6、n. The use of CNC machine tools and thestandard code of digital information processing, information transmission, the use of computer control method,has laid the foundation for the integration of computer aided design, manufacturing and management; on the operators of higher quality, higher demands

7、for the repair of the technical staff; high reliability.Composition: CNC machine tools in general by the input medium, man-machine interactive equipment,CNC equipment, feed servo drive system, spindle servo drive system, the auxiliary control device, feedbackapparatus and adaptive control device etc

8、. 4 in NC machining, NC milling processing is the most complex,need to solve most problems. NC programming of NC line in addition to CNC milling, cutting, CNC EDM,CNC lathe, CNC grinding, each with its own characteristics, servo system is the role of the motion signal isconverted into the machine mo

9、ving parts from the numerical control device of pulse. Concrete has thefollowing parts: the structure of CNC machine tools.Driver: he is driving parts of CNC machine tools, actuator, including spindle drive unit, feeding unit,spindle motor and feed motor. He through the electric or electro-hydraulic

10、 servo system to realize the spindleand feed drive under the control of numerical control device. When several feed linkage, can complete thepositioning, processing line, plane curve and space curve.The main performance(1) the main dimensions. (2) the spindle system.(3) feed system.(4) tool system.(

11、5) electrical. Including the main motor, servo motor specifications and power etc.(6) cooling system. Including the cooling capacity, cooling pump output.(7) dimensions. Expressed as length * width * height.Development trend of CNC lathe:High speed, precision, complex, intelligent and green is the g

12、eneral trend in the development of CNCmachine tool technology, in recent years, made gratifying achievements in practicality and industrialization.Mainly in the:1 machine tool composite technology to further expand with the CNC machine tool technology,composite processing technology matures, includi

13、ng milling - car compound, car milling compound, car -boring - drill - gear cutting compound, composite grinding, forming, composite processing, precision andefficiency of machining is greatly improved. One machine is a processing factory, one card, completeprocessing concept is being accepted by mo

14、re people, the development of compound processing machine toolis the trend of diversified.Intelligent technology 2 CNC machine tools have a new breakthrough, in the performance of NC systemhas been reflected more. Such as: automatically adjust the interference anti-collision function, after the powe

15、rof workpiece automatically exit safety power-off protection function, machining parts detection and automaticcompensation function of learning, high precision machining parts intelligent parameter selection function,process automatic elimination of machine vibration functions into the practical sta

16、ge, intelligent upgrade thefunction of machine and quality.The 3 robots enable flexible combination of flexible combination of higher efficiency of robot and thehost are widely used, make flexible line more flexible, extending the function, flexible line shorten further,more efficient. Robot and mac

17、hining center, milling composite machine, grinder, gear processing machine tool,tool grinding machine, electric machine, sawing machine, punching machine, laser cutting machine, watercutting machine etc. various forms of flexible unit and flexible production line has already begun theapplication.4 p

18、recision machining technology has the machining precision of CNC metal cutting machine tools fromthe yarn in the original (0.01mm) up to micron level (0.001mm), some varieties has reached about 0 .05 M.Micro cutting and grinding machining of ultra precision CNC machine tools, precision can reach abo

19、ut 0.05 m, shape precision can reach about 0.01 M. Special processing precision by using optical, electrical,chemical, energy can reach nanometer level (0.001 m). By optimizing the design of machine tool structure,machine tool parts of ultra precision machining and precision assembly, using high pre

20、cision closed loopcontrol and temperature, vibration and other dynamic error compensation technology, improve the geometricaccuracy of machine tool processing, reduce the shape of error, surface roughness, and into the submicron,nano super finishing tiThe 5 functional component to improve the perfor

21、mance of functional components are at a high speed, high precision, high power and intelligent direction, and obtain the mature application. A full digital AC servomotor and drive device, high technology content of the electric spindle, linear motor, torque motor, linearmotion components with high p

22、erformance, application of high precision spindle unit and other function parts,greatly improving the technical level of CNC machine tools.The feed drive system of CNC lathe:Effect of feed drive system,The feed drive system of CNC machine tools will be received pulse command issued by the numericalc

23、ontrol system, and the amplification and conversion machine movements carry the expected movement.Two, the feeding transmission system requirementsIn order to guarantee the machining accuracy of NC machine tool is high, the feed drive system oftransmission accuracy, sensitivity high (fast response),

24、 stable work, high stiffness and friction and inertia small,service life, and can remove the transmission gap.Category three, feed drive system1, stepping motor servo systemGenerally used for NC machine tools.2, DC servo motor servo systemPower is stable, but because of the brush, the wear resulting

25、 in use need to change. Generally used formiddle-grade CNC machine tools.3, AC servo motor servo systemThe application is extremely widespread, mainly used in high-end CNC machine tools.4, the linear motor servo systemNo intermediate transmission chain, high precision, the feed speed, no length limi

26、t; but the poor heatdissipation, protection requirements are particularly high, mainly used for high-speed machine.Driving component four, feed system1, the ball screw nut pairNC machining, the rotary motion into linear motion, so the use of screw nut transmission mechanism. NCmachine tools are comm

27、only used on the ball screw, as shown in Figure 1-25, it can be a sliding friction intorolling friction, meet the basic requirements of the feed system to reduce friction. The transmission side ofhigh efficiency, small friction, and can eliminate the gap, no reverse air travel; but the manufacturing

28、 cost ishigh, can not lock, size is not too big, generally used for linear feed in small CNC machine tool.2, rotary tableIn order to expand the scope of the process of NC machine tools, CNC machine tools in addition to makelinear feed along the X, Y, Z three coordinate axes, often also need a circum

29、ferential feed movement around Yor Z axis. Circular feed motion of CNC machine tools in general by the rotary table to realize, for machiningcenter, rotary table has become an indispensable part of.Rotary table of commonly used CNC machine tools in the indexing table and NC rotary table.(1) indexing

30、 tableIndexing table can only finish dividing movement, not circular feed, it is in accordance with the instructions in the NC system, when indexing will work together with the workpiece rotation angle. Whenindexing can also use manual indexing. Provisions of indexing table is generally only rotary

31、angle (such as 90,60 and 45 degree).(2) NC rotary tableNC rotary table appearance similar to the indexing table, but the internal structure and function is not thesame. The main function of the NC rotary table is based on the numerical control device sends command pulsesignal, complete circumferenti

32、al feed movement, various arc processing and surface processing, it can also begraduation work.3, guideRail is an important part of feed drive system, is one of the basic elements of the structure of machine tool,rigidity, precision and accuracy of NC machine tool which determines to a large extent

33、retention. At present,guide the NC machine tool are sliding rail, rolling guideway and hydrostatic guideway.(1) sliding guideSliding guide rail has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, good stiffness, vibrationresistance and high performance, widely used in CNC machine tools, the us

34、e of most metal plastic form,known as the plastic guide rail, as shown in figure 1-26.On characteristics of the plastic sliding guide: friction characteristic is good, good wear resistance, stablemovement, good manufacturability, low speed.(2) rolling guideRolling guide is placed in the rail surface

35、 between the ball, roller or needle roller, roller, the rollingfriction instead of sliding surface of the guide rail between wipe.Rolling guide rail and the sliding rail, high sensitivity, small friction coefficient, and the dynamic, staticfriction coefficient is very small, so the motion is uniform

36、, especially in the low speed movement, the stick-slipphenomenon is not easy to occur; high positioning accuracy, repeatability positioning accuracy is up to 0.2traction force is small, wear small, portable in movement; good precision, long service life. But the vibrationof rolling guide, high requi

37、rements on protection, complicated structure, difficult manufacture, high costAutomatic tool changer:One, the function of automatic tool changerAutomatic tool changing device can help save the auxiliary time of CNC machine tools, and meet in aninstallation completed procedure, step processing requir

38、ements.Two, on the requirement of automatic tool changerNumerical control machine tool for automatic tool changer requirement is: tool change quickly, time isshort, high repetitive positioning accuracy, tool storage capacity is sufficient, small occupation space, stableand reliable work.Three, chang

39、e the knife form1, rotary cutter replacementIts structure is similar to the ordinary lathe turret saddle, according to the processing of different objectscan be designed into square or six angle form, consists of the NC system sends out the instruction to the rotary cutter.2, the replacement of the

40、spindle head tool changeThe spindle head pre-loaded required tools, in order to machining position, the main motor is switched on,drives the cutter to rotate. The advantage of this method is that eliminates the need for automatic clamping,cutting tool, clamping and cutting tool moving and a series o

41、f complex operation, reduce tool change time,improve the reliability of the tool change.3, the use of changing toolThe processing required tools are respectively arranged in the standard tool, adjust the size of the machineafter certain way add to the knife, the exchange device from the knife and th

42、e spindle take knife switch.Four, the tool switching deviceAutomatic tool change device, device for knife library and the main shaft transmission and handling toolfor tool exchange device. Tool exchange often have two kinds: mechanical hand tool exchange and by relativemotion of knife and machine to

43、ol spindle exchange tool (cutter to the spindle tool change or movement of thespindle to the knife knife tool change position), the mechanical hand tool change is most common.Five, the knifeThe knife is one of the most important parts in automatic tool changer, have great influence on the overalldes

44、ign of NC machine tool and its capacity, layout and structure.1, the capacity of the tool storageA number of knife inventory cutters, generally depending on the processing requirements. The capacity ofsmall knife, can not meet the processing needs; capacity is too large, will make the knife database

45、 size, coversan area of large, tool selection process for a long time, and the knife library utilization rate is low, the structureis too complex, causing great waste.2, the knife typeGenerally, the chain disc and drum type knife several.Disc cutter tool was circular arrangement, low utilization of

46、space, size is not large but simple structure.Chain magazine compact structure, large capacity, link shape can also be random bed made of variousforms and flexible layout, but also will change the cutter location prominent for tool change, widely used.Drum type or lattice type knife, covers an area

47、of small, compact structure, large capacity, but cutterselection, tool movements are complicated, for centralized knife system for FMS.3, tool selectionOften order tool selection and random selection tool two.The order of tool selection is before processing, the processing required tools to process

48、sequence ofinsert knife knife, order not wrong, processing adjust knife in order. The work piece changes, the need to resetthe tool sequence, the operation is simple, and the processing tool with a workpiece can not be repeated use.A knife is the cutting tool has its own code, optional and can be re

49、peatedly used in processing, also do notput in the fixed knife, knife, the knife is convenient.Technology file is the guiding file workers during processing, process scheme is reasonable, not onlyaffect the efficiency of NC machining, and will directly affect the machining quality. Therefore, before

50、 NC programming, NC machining process follows the process of certain principles and combined with thecharacteristics of CNC lathe seriously and develop in detail the good parts.In the CNC lathe processing parts, should according to the principle of dividing process concentrated, in afixture as far a

51、s possible to complete the most or even all of the surface processing. Part positioning, accordingto the structure of different shapes, usually cylindrical, face or end clamping, and strive to design basis,process reference and programming the unification datum.The main contents are: analysis of NC

52、machining technology of part drawings, clear processing content;determination method, workpiece on lathe the surface processing sequence and tool feed line and cutting tools,fixtures and cutting the amount of choice.Analysis, part drawing processIn the machining process planning of parts, first of a

53、ll to carry on in-depth analysis to the processingobject. For NC turning process should consider the following aspects:1 reading part drawing, analysis of geometric conditions of part contourIn turning process of manual programming, to calculate each node coordinates; in automaticprogramming, to def

54、ine the components outline all geometric elements. Therefore, in the analysis of partsshould pay attention to:Parts of the map is missing a dimension, the geometric conditions are not sufficient to constitute the partoutline, influence;Map location map parts of the ambiguity or dimension is not clea

55、r, so that the program cant start;The part drawing geometry given is not reasonable, resulting in mathematical difficulties.The part drawing dimensioning methods should adapt to the characteristics of CNC lathe processing,should size or directly given coordinate dimension with the same standard.2 di

56、mensional accuracy requirementsAnalysis of the pattern of parts size precision requirements, to determine whether achieve the turningprocess, and determine the process method to control the dimension precision. In the analysis process, but alsocan convert some dimensions such as size, incremental an

57、d absolute size and dimension chain calculation. Inthe use of NC lathe turning parts, average value of components often required size and maximum andminimum limit of size size as the basis of programming.3 shape and position accuracy requirementsPattern of parts tolerance of shape and location given

58、 is important foundation to ensure the parts precision.When machining parts, to determine the location reference and measurement reference according to therequirements, can also carry out some technical processing according to the special needs of CNC lathe parts,in order to control effectively the

59、shape and position accuracy.4 requirements of surface roughnessSurface roughness is an important requirement of micro precision parts of the surface, but also thereasonable selection of NC lathe, cutting tools and cutting the amount determined on the basis of.5 material and heat treatment requiremen

60、tsThe part drawing on material and heat treatment given requirements, is the choice of cutter, CNC lathe, cutting the amount determined on the basis of model.Automatic tool changing system is mainly to process the required tools, transmitted to the spindleclamping mechanism from the knife. A TC syst