热点04 语法填空（新高考）-2021年高考英语专练（解析版）

1、热点04语法填空【命题趋势】在一篇200左右词的短文中留出十个空白，所设空白分有词填空和无词填空二种。有词填空题考杳： 时态、语态、形容词或副词的级、非谓语动词和简单构词法。无词填空考查：代词、冠词、连词、介词和 情态动词。要求考生根据空白所在句的句式结构及句子间的逻辑关系，用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填 写，以便使短文准确无误。此题型主要考查考生在文章中正确使用英语语法知识的能力。【总分值技巧】答题原那么：以句子为单位来考虑含有空白的句子。答不出时，再考虑设空所在句与前句或后句的关系.A.有词填空题这类题在一个设空处可填一至三个词，其中考查最多、最难的是用动词的正确形式填空。这包含对时态、

2、语态、非谓语动词及构词法知识的考查。首先要确定该空应该使用谓语动词（时态、语态、）还是用非谓语动 词。规律是：每个句子（从第一个词到句号或叹号算作一个句子）都遵循这个等式：谓语数-1=连词数。其中 一个破折号（假设后面是句子）、分号、冒号算作一个连词；连接并列成分的连词，承接上文的连词，以及when, if、though与非谓语动词连用时的不计数。在填含有已给动词的空白时，依据的谓语动词和连词的数量 所构成的等式来判断。假设左边（前面）再加1等式才成立，需要填谓语动词；假设相等，需要填非谓语动词（详 见以下技巧应用）B.无词填空题这类题一个空白只许填一个词，其中考查最多、最难的是填附属连词。判

3、断是否填连词的方法也是根 据上述等式（遇到难句、长句、复杂句，才使用）来考虑：即，假设右边（后面）再加1等式才成立,需要填连词。考查代词、冠词、连词、介词、形容词或副词的级和情态动词的填空题相对较简单。将在技巧应用 或限时检测中详述。【热点话题】阅读、健康、运动、社会热点、垃圾分类、文化介绍等英语语法填空高考考点整理（introduction动词变名词，表示电动引擎和电梯的引进）（2016 全国 1 卷）But for tourists like me, pandas are its top（attract）. （attraction 动词变名词，lop 是形容词,修饰名词）（2016 全国

4、I 卷）The nurseiy team switches him eveiy few（day） with his sister. （days 可数名词有 few 修饰用复数）（2016 全国 2 卷）Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of （achieve）. （achievement 成就感）（2016 全国 2 卷）Recent（study） show that we are far more productive at work. （studies 根据谓语动词 show 可知主

5、语为名 词复数）2代词（2020 年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国 I 卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations （模拟）and imagine 42. （they） living at a different time in history, （themselves 反身代词作谓语动词的 宾语）（2018 全国 1 卷）If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefit

6、s as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try. （it 指代 running,作宾语）（2017 全国 2 卷）However, the railway quickly proved lo be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 peoplewere using every day. （it 代指前文的 Ihc railway，作宾语）（2016 全国 1 卷）On mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month

7、-old twin that had been rejected by（it） mother, （its 首 先代指上文iwin,其次修饰mother,用形容词性物主代词）3形容词（2020 年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国 I 卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36. （wealth） people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. （ wealthy名词变形容词作定语）2020 年全国 II 卷）The 69_ （beauty） long branche

8、s covered with pink-colored buds （蒋蕾）make fantastic decorations, （beautiful 名词变形容词）（2019 全国 1 卷）.leading to ihe illusion（错觉）that populations are （high） than they actually are. （higher 形容词比拟级, 标志是than）（2019 全国 2 卷）Wc arc so proud of her. Ils （wonder）. （wonderful 名词变形容词）（2018 全国 1 卷）According to a rev

9、iew of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years（long） than non-runners.（longer形容词比拟级,标志是ihan）（2018 全国 1 卷）Running is cheap, easy and its always（energy）. （energetic 名词变形容词作表语）（2018 全国 2 卷）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total（globe） fertilizer consum

10、ption, （global名词变形容词作定语）（2017 全国 1 卷）Even （bad）, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. （worse 根据上下文和 even 确定用比拟级， 表示比上文情况更糟糕的是）（2017 全国 I 卷）However, be（care） not to go to extremes. （careful be 动词后跟形容词作表语）（2017 全国 2 卷）The central London Railway was one of the most（success） of these new lin

11、es, and was opened in 1900. （successful名词变形容词作定语修饰lines,且前面有形容词高级的标志ihe mos）（2016 全国 2 卷）If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify （识别）those of（great）and less importance. （greater 形容词比拟级,跟 less 相对）4副词（2020 年全国 II 卷）（certain） during the holiday period,

12、 this plant is a must, （certainly 形容词变副词）（2019 全国 1 卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been （poor） studied; （poorly形容词变副词）（2019 全国 2 卷）Her years of hard work have “I don_66 (make) ,67 because I want to.Granddaughter Gayle Parks, “We dorT 68(sa

13、y) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69joke.But(hen we got an offits 70 (wonder)66.67. 68. 69.70.（2018全国1卷）话题：介绍运发动能够活的更长久的原因难度：建议用时：10分According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners, Youdonthave to run fast or for long 62 (see) the

14、benefit. Youmay drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authorsof the review also made a study publ

15、ished in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutca day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise.it*s probably running. Td avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (stre

16、ngth)your leg muscles (肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to getthe same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.61. 62.63.64. 65.66.67. 68. 69. 70.（2018全国2卷

17、）话题：介绍中国饮食的变化难度：建议用时：10分Diets have changed in china-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country负(grow) more corn than rice. Com production has jumped nearly 125 percent over62past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is63(actual) behind the change: Animportant

18、part of its corn isused to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn,s rise: The governmentencourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64(improve) water quality. Corn usesless water至rice and creates less fertilizer (化 JjE )runoff. This switch has decreased66(pollute)in (he country

19、 major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking waler safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total67(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds (hat between 2005-when the governmen(68(start) a soil-testing program69gives specif

20、ic fertilizerrecommendacions to farmers-排放 tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach toprotecting its environment while70(feed) its citizens u offers useful lessons foragricukure and food policy makers worldwide, says the bank,s Jucrgcn Vbcgclc.61. 62. 63. 64. 65.66.67. 68. 69.70.（2017全国1卷）话题：介绍饮食的潮流的

21、变化难度：建议用时：10分There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overfreight and heart disease-the very

22、thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As

23、 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for thatsomething missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68(cat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in theirdiet.Having enough fat and sal

24、t in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.61. 62.63.64. 65.66.67. 68. 69. 70.I(2017全国2卷)话题：介绍全世界第一个地铁难度：建议

25、用时：10分In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and62_work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. T

26、his included digging up the road, 63(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over64top. When all those had been done, theroad surface was replaced.Steamengines 65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been66_(fair)unpleasant for thepassengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the

27、 railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67_ every day.Later, engineers 68(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (I燧道),which becameknown to the tube. This development was only possible with the69(introduce) of electri

28、c-powered enginesand lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most70(success) of these new lines, and was openedin 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.66.67. 68. 69. 70.（2016全国1卷）话题：介绍成都难度：建议用时：10分Chengdu has dozens of new

29、 millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61_(attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62_ (arrow)On mu recent visit I help a lively three-m

30、onth-old twin that had been rejected by 68_ (it) mother. Thenursery team switches him every few _69(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, _70 other is with mum-she never suspects.66.67. 68. 69. 70.（2016全国2卷）话题：如何处理工作中的压力难度：建议用时：10分If you feel stressed by responsibilities at wor

31、k, you should take a step back and identify (识另lj) those of _61 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in th

32、e morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take

33、short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut w

34、hatever it is, 70 (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.61. 62.63.64. 65.66.67. 68. 69.70.【答案】（2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标II）61. Celebration 62. carries 63. Coming 64. Than 65. Decorated 66. Certainly67. With 68. to care 69. Beautiful 70. the（2020 年浙江省高考英语试卷（7 月

35、）56. in 57. what 58. than 59. was needed60. to change 61, had discovered 62. seasons 63. making 64. the 65. meant.（2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国I卷）36. wealthy 37. or 38. formed 39. which/that 40. are calledthemselves 42. themselves 43. walking 44. accuracy 45. for69.the69.（2019 年 1 卷）6Lihai 62.poorly 63.of/f

36、or 64.to perform 65.have report 66.be!ief oting 68.higher 7O.are（2019 年 2 卷）61. being 62. which 63. finally 64. declared 65. to retire 66. have madebut 68. saying 69. a 70. wonderful（2018 年 1 卷）（2018 年 2 卷）61. has grown 62. Ihe63. actually 64. io improve 65. than66. pollution 67. global68. started i

37、hat/which 70. feeding（2017 年 1 卷）61. as 62. effects 63. to process 64. are removed 65. a 66. worse 67. iseating 69. careful 70. which（2017 年 2 卷）managed 69. introduction 70, successful（2016 年 1 卷）61. atlraclion 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when 66. permitted 67.introducing 68. its 69.一、

38、从句引导词1定语从句（2020 年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国 I 卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.（which/that 本句考查定语从句）（2019 全国 2 卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her l

39、ate husband Les. （which非限制性定语从句）（2018 全国 1 卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minute aday of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes, （that/which 定语从句，指物，在从句中做主语故 用关系代词）（2018 全国 2 卷）The Chinese Ministry o

40、f Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government stared a soil-testing programgives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers, （that/which 定语从句，指物，在从句中做主语故用关系代词）（2017 全国 1 卷）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both.is not good for the health/which 非限制性定语从句）（2016 全国 1 卷）Bu

41、t my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,! was the first Western TV reporter. （when非限制性定语从句，先行词是时间，在从句中做时间状语）2宾语从句（2020 年浙江省高考英语试卷）Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 57. could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had r

42、aised and crops they had sown.（what考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们 饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句局部缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。 故填what。）（2015 全国 2 卷）As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactlythick the adobe walls needed to be io make thecycle work on most days. （how 引导

43、宾语从句）3同位语从句（2019 全国 1 卷）While they are rare north of 880,there is evidence they range all the way across （he Arctic, and as far south asdays 70. the（2016 年 2 卷）61. greater 62. achievement 63. is 64. on 65. as66. studies 67. regularly 68. a 69. to bring70. makeJames Bay in Canada. （that 同位语从句）二、谓语动词的

44、的变式1时态（2020 年浙江省高考英语试卷）New methods 65. （mean） that fewer people worked in farming.（meant 句意：新方法意味着 更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句局部无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原那么此处 也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式;。故填meant。）（2020 年浙江省高考英语试卷）By about 6000 BC. people 6（discover）the best crops to grow and animals to raise,

45、（had discovered句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了 提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by+过去时间译为“到为止”，后面 的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.）（2020 年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国 I 卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example. 38 （form） the core collection of the British Museum which op

46、ened in 1759. （ formed句子中有明确的过去时间状语，因此谓语局部用过去时）（2019 全国 I 卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut（report） increases in bear sightings around human settlements. （have reported 现在完成时，标志是 in recent years）（2019 全国 2 卷）Picking up herLifetime Achievemenraward, proud Irene （declare） she had no plans

47、 to retire from her 36-year-oki business, （declared 一般过去时）（2019 全国 2 卷）I love coining here and seeing my family and ail the friends I 66（make） over the years. （have made现在完成时，标志是over ihe years）（2018 全国 I 卷）While running regularly cant make you live forever, （he review says it（be）more effective at le

48、ngtheninglife than walking, cycling or swimming, （is 一般现在时）（2018 全国 2 卷）Since 2011, the country （grow） more corn than rice. （has grown 现在完成时，标志是 since）（2018 全国 2 卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the govemment（start） a soil-testing program that gives specific fertili

49、zer recommendations to fanners. （started 般过去时，标志为过去时间点 2005 年）（2017 全国 2 卷）Later, engineers（manage） to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels （隧道）,which became known to the （ube. （managed根据全文时态判定为一般过去时）（2016 全国 2 卷）It could be anything-gardening. cooking, music, sports-but whatever it is, （m

50、ake） sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing （o worry about. （make 祈使句用动词原形）2语态（主被动）（2020 年浙江省高考英语试卷）And, as more children were bom, more food 59. （need）.（ was needed 随着越多的小孩 出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过 去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。）（202

51、0 年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国 I 卷）The parts of a museum open to the public 40. （call） galleries or rooms, （are called本句考查一股现在时的被动语态）（2020 年全国 II 卷）Tliey are easy 68_ （care） for and make great presents. （to care 这个是主动形式表示被动含义，本句中 与谓语局部的形容词有关）（2017 全国 1 卷）When fat and salt （remove） from food. the food tastes as

52、if is missing something.（are removed 主语是 fat and sail, be动词是夏数形式，被动表示脂肪和糖从食物中被除去）（2017全国2卷）Steam engines（use） to pull the carriages. （were used 根据全文判定时态为一般过去时，根据主 语engines判定为复数，被动表示蒸汽引擎被用于.）（2016 全国 1 卷）I （arrow） to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. （was allowed 首先文章是，- 股过去时

53、的记叙文，其次我是单数，被允许为被动语态）3主调一致（2020 年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国 I 卷）Often, only a small part of a museums collection 41. （be） on display. （ is主语是collcetion为单数，谓语也用单数）（2020 年全国 II 卷）This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 （carry） special significance. （carries 表语 从句的主语是decorating山介词with引导的词语不是主语，谓

54、语动词与with等介词前面的主语保持一致）（2019 全国 1 卷）three arc declining, six （be） stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data, （arc 主语 six 指发现的 六个企鹅种群，为第数）（2017 全国 1 卷）Fast food（bc） full of fat and salt; （is food 是不可数名词,be 动词用单数）（2016 全国 2 卷）Leaving the less important things until tomorrow （be） often accepta

55、ble. （is 动名词作主语，谓语动词用 单数）4非谓语的变化（不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词）（2020 年浙江省高考英语试卷）Later, they learned to work with the seasons （season）, planting at the right time and. in dry areas,（make）use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.（ making句意:后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在 干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用

56、非谓语动词。make useof和逻辑 主语Ihey之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。）（2020 年浙江省高考英语试卷）Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60. （change） lives.（ to change句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词局部需用非谓语 动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填2 change。）（2020 年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国

57、I 卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations （模拟）and imagine themselves （they） living at a different time in history or 43_（walk）through a rainforest, （walking现在分词作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的动作）（2020 年全国 II 卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 （decorate） with re

58、d envelopes and messages of good fortune.（decorated 过去分词作后置定语修饰宾语 them）（2020 年全国 II 卷）They represent the earth 63 （come） back to life and best wishes for new beginnings, （coming本句的谓语动词是represent , coming是现在分词作后置定语修饰宾语earth）（2019 全国 1 卷）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been emplo

59、yed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive （perform） consistently over a large area, （to perform考荏动词不定式，本句本句为主系表结构，后跟动词不定式作 状语。）（2019 全国 1 卷）Scicntists have responded by （note） that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集）around human settlements, （noting现在分词作介词宾语）（2019 全国 2 卷）A 90-year-old has bee

60、n awardedMWoman Of The Yeaffbr （be） Britains oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. （being现在分词作介词宾语）（2019 全国 2 卷）Picking up hcrlLifclimc Achicvcmcnfaward. proud Irene declared she had no plans （retire） from her36-year-old business, （to retire）（2019 全国 2 卷）When we gol a call （say） s