机械加工工艺过程与加工方案

1、机械加工工艺过程与加工方案作者：日期：第1章切削加工基础知识1.1切削加工概述切削cutting;加工machining;金属切削metalcutting(metalremoval);金属切削工艺metal-removalprocess;金属工艺学technologyofmetals;机器制造machine-building;机械加工machining;冷加工coldmachining；热加工hotworking;工件workpiece;切屑chip;常见的加工方法universalmachiningmethod;钻削drilling;镗削boring;车削turning；磨削grinding

2、;铣削milling;刨削planning;插削slotting;锉filing;划线lineation;錾切carving;锯sawing;刮削facing;钻孔boring;攻丝tap;1.2零件表面构成及成形方法变形力deformingforce;变形deformation;几何形状geometrical;尺寸dimension;精度precision;表面光洁度surfacefinish;共轭曲线conjugatecurve;范成法generationmethod;轴shaft;1.3机床的切削运动及切削要素主运动mainmovement;主运动方向directionofmainmov

3、ement;进给方向directionoffeed;进给运动feedmovement;合成进给运动resultantmovementoffeed;合成切削运动resultantmovementofcutting;合成切削运动方向directionofresultantmovementofcutting;切削速度cuttingspeed;传动drive/transmission;切削用量cuttingparameters;切削速度cuttingspeed;切削深度depthofcut;进给速度feedforce;切削功率cuttingpower;1.4金属切削刀具合金工具钢alloytoolst

4、eel;高速钢high-speedsteel;硬质合金hardalloy;易加工easeofmanufacturing;切削刀具cuttingtool;刀具cutter;车刀lathetool;主切削刃maincuttingedge;副切削刃assistantcuttingedge;刀体toolbody;刀柄toolshank;前刀面rakeface;主后刀面majorflank;刀尖noseoftool;主剖面系toolorthogonalplanesystem;切削平面toolcuttingedgeplane;主剖面toolorthogonalplane;切削宽度widthoftheunc

5、utchip;进给平面系assumedworkingplanesystem;加工表面transientsurface;前角rakeangle;后角clearanceangle;主偏角toolcuttingedgeangle;刀尖角noseangle;1.5刀具切削过程及磨削机理塑性变形plasticdistortion;微观组织，显微结构microstrueture;切削力euttingforce;切削温度cuttingtemperature;积屑瘤built-upedge;刀尖磨损nosewear;月牙洼crater;残留应力residualstress;应力stress;硬度rigidit

6、y;磨削grinding;砂轮grindingwheel;磨粒grain;剪切shear;摩擦friction;内力internalforce;1.61.8切削加工质量、材料的切削加工性、切削液的选择加工精度machiningaccuracy;表面质量surfacefinish;工艺性能technologicalperformance;材料切削加工性指标machinabilityindexofmaterial;切削液cuttingfluid;切削油cuttingoil;1.9件的装夹及夹具定位梢dowel;定位allocation;机床夹具jig;组装线Assemblyline;机械零件mec

7、hanicalparts;钳工locksmith；精加工finishmachining;粗加工roughmachining;气动夹紧pneuma-lock;同心，同心度concentricity;垂直度perpendicular;基准benchmark;基准线referenceline;夹具fixture;通用夹具universalfixture;专用夹具Fixtureforspecialpurpose;可调夹具adjustablefixture;组合夹具modularfixture;工序process;设计基准designingdatum;工艺基准datumfeaturesinprocess

8、;1.10金属切削机床机床machinetool;机床运动motionofmachine;机床型号machinetoolmodel;机床加工精度machiningaccuracyofmachinetool;车床lathe;普通车床enginelathe;卧式车床horizontallathe;立式车床verticallathe;钻床drillpress;镗床boringmachine;铣床millingmachine;磨床grinder(grindingmachine);牛头刨床shaper;龙门刨床planer;插床slottingmachine(slotter);第2章常用加工方法综述及加

9、工方案选择一、车削车削turning;车刀lathetool;车床lathe;普通车床enginelathe;卧式车床horizontallathe;立式车床verticallathe;仿形车床duplicatinglathe(copylathe);转塔车床turretlathe;细长轴longslendershaft纵向车削straightturning;锥体车削taperturning;仿形车削contourturning;端面车削facing;回转表面surfaceofrevolution;平面flatsurface;圆面roundsurface;仿形表面contouredsurface

10、;退刀槽recess;卡盘chuck;尾架tailstock;床头箱，主轴箱headstock;销pin;faceplate;卡箍barclasp;花盘主轴spindle;二、钻削钻削drilling;钻床drillpress;钻头drill;锪孑Lcounterboring;内表面internalsurface;铰孔、扩孔reaming;攻丝tapping;孔加工spotfacingmachining;铰ream;铰刀reamer;盲孑Lblindhole;麻花钻twistdrill;埋头孑Lcountersink;锥柄tapershank;三、镗削镗削bore;镗床boringmachin

11、e;镗杆boringbar;纵向镗削straightboring;表面光洁度surfacefinish;卧式镗孔机horizontalboringmachine;四、铣削铣削mill;铣床millingmachine;铣刀millingcutter;缝Slot;槽groove;平面flatsurface;圆面roundsurface;仿形表面contouredsurface;周铣Peripheralmilling;端铣facemilling;multimodelmiller;靠模铣床;copymillingmachine;仿形铣床;contouringmachine;五、磨削磨削grindin

12、g;磨床grinder(grindingmachine);外圆磨削externalgrinding;内圆磨削internalgrinding(cylindricalgrinding);平面磨削planegrindingabrasive;夕卜圆磨床cylindricalgrindingmachine;平面磨床surfacegrinder;夕卜圆磨床cylindricalgrindingmachine;内圆磨床internalcylindricalmachine;成形磨床formgrindingmachine;仿形磨床copygrindingmachine;machine;machine;万能工具

13、磨床universaltoolgrinding六、拉削拉削broaching;拉床broachingmachine;拉刀broachingtool;外表面拉削externalsurfacebroaching;内表面拉削internalsurfacebroaching;多功能机床multifunction多齿刀具multitoothtool;切屑槽chipgullet;七、刨削刨削planning;牛头刨床shaper;龙门刨床planer;龙门刨削planning;旋臂刨床radialdrillingmachine;仿形刨床copyshapingmachine;八、齿轮加工齿轮加工gearma

14、chining;齿轮gear;滚齿gearhobbing;滚齿刀hobbingcutter;直齿圆柱齿轮straighttoothedspurgear;斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spurgear;直齿锥齿轮straightbevelgear齿轮齿条pinionandrack;gear;蜗杆蜗轮wormandworm九、螺纹加工螺纹加工threadmachining;螺纹切削threadcutting;攻丝tapping;丝锥tap;板牙die;螺钉screw;标准件standardcomponent;位移displacement;截面section;十、光整加工光整加工microfinish

15、ing;研磨mull(lapping);研磨齐Ulappingcompound;研磨膏paste;研磨机床lappingmachine抛光polishing;抛光膏buffingcream;抛光轮polishingwheel;抛光机polisher;珩磨honing;珩磨轮honingwheel;珩磨机床honingmachine;超精加工机床superfinishingmachine;超精加工superfinish;第3章机械加工工艺过程机械加工工艺过程machiningprocess;工步stepofanoperation;工位workstation;工序process;工艺文件manuf

16、acturingprocessdocument;工艺卡片technologicalcard;工艺规程processplan;机械加工工艺卡machiningprocesssheet;工艺设计technologicaldesign;设计基准designingdatum;工艺基准datumfeaturesinprocess;基准重合consistencyofdatumfeature;基面统一原则unifieddatumprinciple;机械加工工序卡machiningoperationsheet;工艺过程设计processplanning;工艺路线processroute;工艺过程卡proces

17、ssheet;产品规格productspecification;产品用途productuse;产品责任productliability;生产线productionline;生产进度计划productionschedule;生产率productivity;批量生产batchproduction;第4章切削加工零件结构工艺性切削cutting;加工machining;工件workpiece;零件part;毛坯rough;工艺性能processingproperty;装配结构的合理性rationalityofassemblystructure;零件结构合理性rationalityofdetailst

18、ructure;标准化standardization;第5章先进制造技术先进制造技术AdvancedManufacturingTechnology;信息技术informationTechnology;产品product;设计design；力口工machining;检测check;管理manage;销售sell;使用use;服务serve;回收reclaim;计算机集成制造系统ComputerIntegratedManufacturingSystem(CIMS);智能制造系统IntelligentManufacturingSystem(IMS);精密工程preciseengineering;成组

19、技术grouptechnology;方式(法)methodology;柔性制造系统FlexibleManufacturingSystem(FMS);数控机床numericallycontrolledmachinetool;加工中心MachiningCenter(MC);计算机数字控制computerizednumericalcontrol(CNC);自动换刀装置automatictoolchanger(ATC);直接数字控制Directnumericalcontrol(DNC);分布式数字控制Distributednumericalcontrol(DNC);群控DNC;单机自动化stand-a

20、loneautomatization;自动机床Automaticmachine;组合机床combinationmachine;专用机床specialmachine;NC钻床NCdrillingmachine;NC磨床NCgrindingmachine;NC车床NClathe;卧式加工制造中心horizontalmachinecenter;立式加工制造中心verticalmachinecenter;车间shopfloor;库存inventory;工艺process;分类classification;编码系统codingsystem;零件外型partconfiguration;工艺规戈Fproce

21、ssplanning;单元式制造cellularmanufacturing;小车维修站Cartmaintenancestation;零件清洗站Partswashstation;装卸站Unloadstation;回收系统Recoverysystem;小车转弯站Cartturnaroundstation；集成化integration;协调tradeoff;成族零件family-of-part;换刀装置Toolchanger;机床控制装置machinecontrolunit;组装线Assemblyline;第6章先进制造运行模式先进制造运行模式AdvancedManufacturingOperati

22、onModel;计算机集成制造系统ComputerIntegratedManufacturingSystems(CIMS);精益生产(LP亦称精良生产)LeanProduction;敏捷制造AgileManufacturing(AM);绿色制造GreenManufacturing;计算机辅助设计ComputerAidedDesign(CAD);计算机辅助制造ComputerAidedManufacturing(CAM);计算机辅助工艺过程设计ComputerAidedprocessplanning(CAPP);物料需求计划MaterialRequirementsPlanning(MRP);计算

23、机辅助教育ComputerAidedEducation(CAE);虚拟制造VirtualManufacturing(VM);并行工程ConcurrentEngineering(CE);面向装配的设计DesignForAssembly(DFA);面向制造的设计DesignForManufacturing(DFM);第7章特种加工特种加工(NTM)NontraditionalManufacturing;一、电火花加工电火花加工spark-erosionmachining;电火花线切割加工electricaldischargewire-cutting;电火花穿孑Lspark-erosiondrill

24、ing;电火花雕刻spark-erosioncarving;二、电解加工电解加工Electrolyticmachining;三、超声波加工超声波加工Ultrasonicmachining;变幅杆Transducernose;铜垫圈Copperwasher;放大刀具夹持器Amplifyingtoolholder;超声波振动Ultrasonicvibration;银钎焊Sliverbraze;仿形刀具Shapedtool;蜡焊缝Waxweld;支持材料Backupmaterial;磨料悬浮液Abrasiveslurry;吸入管Suctionline;四、激光加工激光加工Laserprocessin

25、g;激光束加工Laserbeammachining;激光切割lasercutting;激光打孑laserdrilling;激光焊接laserwelding;金属切削metalcutting机床machinetool金属工艺学technologyofmetals刀具cutter摩擦friction联结link传动drive/transmission轴shaft弹性elasticity误差error响应response定位allocation机床夹具jig拉伸pulling压缩hitting剪切shear扭转twist强度intensity精度precision正弦形的sinusoid交流电路AC

26、circuit机械加工余量machiningallowance硬度rigidity反馈feedback外圆磨削externalgrinding内圆磨削internalgrinding平面磨削planegrinding变速箱gearbox离合器clutch绞孔fraising绞刀reamer螺纹加工threadprocessing螺钉screw铣削mill铣刀millingcutter功率power工件workpiece主运动mainmovement主运动方向directionofmainmovement进给方向directionoffeed进给运动feedmovement切削深度cutting

27、depth前刀面rakeface刀尖noseoftool前角rakeangle后角clearanceangle主轴spindle主轴箱headstock卡盘chuck加工中心machiningcenter车刀lathetool车床lathe钻削镗削bore车削turning磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith装配assembling铸造found加工machining液压hydraulicpressure介质medium阀门valve载荷load应力stress螺纹thread螺旋helix键spline销pin滚动轴承rollingbearing滑动轴承slidin

28、gbearing弹簧spring联轴器coupling链chain皮带strap精加工finishmachining粗加工roughmachining变速箱体gearboxcasing腐蚀rust磨损wear耐用度durability挡板orificeplate残余应力residualstress套筒sleeve扭力torsion过盈配合interferencefit倒角roundingchamfer伺服电机actuatingmotor铣床millingmachine钻床drillmachine镗床boringmachine步进电机steppermotor丝杠screwrod导轨leadrail组件subassembly电火花加工electricsparkmac