社会组织与志愿服务

1、社会组织与志愿效力 Social Organizations and Voluntary Services中国社会任务协会志愿者任务委员会Working Committee of Volunteers of China Association of Social Workers 二OO八年十二月五日December 5, 2021 . 一、我国志愿效力的现状 I. Current Situation of Voluntary Services in China 目 录Contents 二、社会组织在志愿效力行动中发扬的作用 II. Role Performed by Social Organi

2、zations in Voluntary Services 三、社会组织参与志愿效力中存在的主要问题 III. Main Problems in Voluntary Services Participated in by Social Organizations 四、改良和完善社会组织参与志愿效力的对策建议 IV. Suggestions for Social Organizations to Improve and Perfect Their Participating in Voluntary Services 一、我国志愿效力的现状I. Current Situation of Volu

3、ntary Services in China 我国已拥有注册志愿者五千余万人，构成以社区志愿者、青年志愿者、大学生志愿者为主，职工志愿者、巾帼志愿者、家庭志愿者、扶残助残志愿者、红十字志愿者、老年志愿者、扶贫志愿者、科普志愿者、治安志愿者等各类志愿效力队。 China has more than 50 million registered volunteers, including community volunteers, young volunteers and college student volunteers as main body, as well as worker volu

4、nteers, women volunteers, family volunteers, volunteers for helping the disabled, Red Cross volunteers, elderly volunteers, volunteers for helping the poor, volunteers for popularization of science, security volunteers and others, which form various voluntary organizations.我国2001年共有7.69亿年满18岁以上的居民以正

5、式或非正式的方式参与志愿效力，志愿效力参与率为85.2%，他们总共奉献时间为189亿小时，人均年志愿效力时间为77小时，相当于2980万个全日劳动力，其奉献值折合人民币1968亿人民币。 In 2001, China had 0.769 billion residents over 18 years old participating in volunteer services in formal or informal way, with 85.2% participation rate, they totally contributed 18.9 billion hours, which

6、was equivalent to 29.8 million full-time workforce, the annual working time for voluntary services per capita was 77 hours, their contribution value was equivalent to RMB 196.8 billion. 二、社会组织在志愿效力行动中发扬的作用II. Role Performed by Social Organizations in Voluntary Services一社会组织的界定 A. Definition of Socia

7、l Organizations 普通以为，社会组织是指为了执行一定的社会职能，完成特定的社会目的、具有明确规章制度的一个独立单位，是正式化的社会群体。社会组织分类方法很多，按其职责和功能，分为公益类、效力类、维权类、文体类和保健类五类社会组织；按能否注册登记，可分为经正式登记有法人资历的社会组织、在相关部门备案的“准社会组织和未登记备案、但又现实上存在并在开展各类活动的 “草根组织。 Generally, social organization refers to an independent unit which has clear rules and regulations for the

8、 purpose of exercising certain social functions and completing specific social goals, it is a formal social group. Social organization has several ways of classification, according to functions and powers, it can be classified into 5 categories including commonweal category, service category, right-

9、safeguarding category, category of culture and sports and health category; according to registration or not, it can be classified into officially registered legal-person social organizations, “quasi social organizations recorded with relevant departments and “grassroots organizations which have not

10、been recorded but have existed and carried out various activities. 二 社会组织在志愿效力中发扬的作用 B. Role Performed by Social Organizations in Voluntary Services 1、参与社区社会管理，促进社区居民自治和基层民主； 1. Participating in community management and promoting community self-management and grassroots democracy; 2、提供各种社会效力，拓宽志愿效力效

11、力领域； 2. providing various social services and broadening the scope of volunteer services; 3、开展社会文化活动，促进人文建立； 3. conducting social and cultural activities and promoting the building of the humanities; 4、承当社会事务性任务，促进基层政府职能转变； 4. taking up social work and promoting the function transformation of the gr

12、assroots governments; 5、化解社会矛盾，维护社会稳定； 5. resolving social contradictions and safeguarding the social stability; 6、发动宽广居民参与，整合社会资源； 6. mobilizing the broad masses of residents to participate in integration of social resources; 7、拓宽资金来源，促进志愿效力工程开展； 7. broadening the fund resources and promoting the i

13、mplementation of volunteer service projects; 8、沟通政府与居民，影响政府开展政策的制定； 8. bridging the government and people and impacting the formulation of the development policy of the government; 9、提升中国软实力和国际笼统。 9. enhancing Chinas soft power and international image. 二、社会组织在志愿效力行动中发扬的作用 II. Role Performed by Socia

14、l Organizations in Voluntary Services三社会组织参与 志愿效力的主要方式 C. Main Ways for Social Organizations Participating in Voluntary Service 2、资金支持2. Financial support 4、才干建立4. Capacity building 1、专业效力 1. Professional services 二、社会组织在志愿效力行动中发扬的作用II. Role Performed by Social Organizations in Voluntary Services3、工

15、程参与3. Participation in projects 二、社会组织在志愿效力行动中发扬的作用II. Role Performed by Social Organizations in Voluntary Services四社会组织志愿效力的主要类型 D. Main Types of Voluntary Services by Social Organizations 以512抗震救灾社会组织志愿效力为例Take 5.12 earthquake relief voluntary services by social organizations as an example 五 不同志愿效

16、力之间的比较 E. Comparison among Different Voluntary Services 人民团体与社会团体官方化社会组织志愿效力的比较1. Voluntary Service Comparison between Peoples Organizations and Social Groups (Official Social Organizations) 人民团体的志愿服务Voluntary services of peoples organizations 社会团体的志愿服务Voluntary services of social groups组织方式Organiza

17、tion way 委托高校，或在系统内报名选派志愿者Designate volunteers through entrusting colleges or universities or by internal system设计志愿服务项目，向社会公开招募Design voluntary service projects and make open recruitment 管理方式Management way 组织性强，管理难度小Formal organization facilitates management 随意性强，管理难度大It is hard for management due

18、to random organization 动员方式Mobilization way 行政动员Administrative mobilization 社会动员Social mobilization 协调Coordination 由于是同一系统内的各级组织,协调相对容易Relatively easy for coordination as peoples organizations at all levels are under the same system 有一定难度Relatively difficult 资源Resources 资金充裕，资源丰富Rich in resources an

19、d funds 资金短缺，资源匮乏Lack of resources and funds 工作方式Working methods 政绩导向Performance orientation 徘徊于政绩导向与需求导向之间，工作方式较人民团体相对灵活Between performance orientation and demand orientation, relatively flexible working method 协作方式Collaborative methods 各级组织之间互相配合、协作Mutual cooperation among the organizations at all

20、 levels 社团之间较少协作，与其他类型民间组织的协作也较少Less cooperation among groups and also less cooperation with other types of non-governmental organizations 效率Efficiency 决策阶段较慢，一旦实施则众人响应The decision-making phase is long, once the decisions are implemented, the public will respond 效率不高Low efficiency 服务类型Types of servi

21、ces 以常见的难度较大的服务项目为主The majority are the complicated projects 较人民团体，社团的服务类型更为丰富，类型较多，More types of services 功用Functions 长期效用明显Prominent long-term effectiveness 短期效用突出Prominent short-term effectiveness 可持续性Sustainability 持续时间长Long duration 视社团实力而定Depend on the strength of the group 影响力Influence 影响较为深远

22、Have far-reaching influence 有一定影响力Have certain influence 公信力Credibility 较高Higher 一般Normal 二、社会组织在志愿效力行动中发扬的作用II. Role Performed by Social Organizations in Voluntary Services五 不同志愿效力之间的比较 E. Comparison among Different Voluntary Services 2、企业与民间非企业单位志愿效力的比较 a2. Voluntary Service Comparison between Ent

23、erprises and Private Non-Enterprise Units (a)企业的志愿服务Voluntary services of enterprises 民间非企业单位的志愿服务Voluntary services of private non-enterprise units 组织方式Organization way 成立企业志愿服务队，鼓励员工提供志愿服务Set up voluntary service groups and encourage the staff to provide voluntary services 设计志愿服务项目，向社会公开招募Design v

24、oluntary service projects and make open recruitment 管理方式Management way 以企业人力资源模式进行管理。志愿者稳定，团队人员之间熟悉，协作容易，便于管理。在管理的计划、组织、领导、控制诸方面，除计划外都做得相对出色With reference to the management model of the enterprise in human resources, the volunteers are stable, the team members are familiar with each other, and the c

25、ollaboration and management are easy. Except for planning, the enterprises can do well in various aspects including organization, leadership and control. 应征的志愿者动机各异，有以使命驱动的，也有利益驱动的。志愿者松散组合，随意性较大，团队不够稳定，缺乏有效的绩效考核制度。不便管理。只在项目计划上优于企业志愿者The candidates for volunteers have different motivations, some are

26、driven by mission, and some are driven by interests. The management way of the private non-enterprise units is relatively random, their team members are not stable, and they are lack of effective performance appraisal system. They are better than the enterprises only in the project design. 动员方式Mobil

27、ization way 内部动员Internal mobilization 社会动员Social mobilization 资源Resources 资金占优，动员各方资源的技巧尚不如“民非”驾轻就熟The enterprises have financial advantages, however, they are not compared with the private non-enterprise units in resource utilization相较企业，“民非”在公共领域的社会资源相对多些，可以调动学术界、政府资源及国际资源等Compared with the enterp

28、rises, the private non-enterprise units have more social resources and may mobilize academic resources, government resources, international resources, etc.理念Principle 讲求实效Highlight results orientation 讲求参与、尊重与赋权Highlight participation, respect and authorization 二、社会组织在志愿效力行动中发扬的作用II. Role Performed

29、by Social Organizations in Voluntary Services五不同志愿效力之间的比较 E. Comparison among Different Voluntary Services 2、 企业与民间非企业单位志愿效力的比较 b2. Voluntary Service Comparison between Enterprises and Private Non-Enterprise Units (b)民间非企业单位的志愿效力Voluntary services of private non-enterprise units 企业的志愿效力Voluntary ser

30、vices of enterprises 原那么上讲，“民非的公信力应该高，但宥于国内NGO整体程度的参差不齐，致使“民非公信力不高In principle, the private non-enterprise units should have higher credibility, however, due to the uneven levels of domestic NGO, their credibility is not high企业的公信力由于其追求利润的特征，普通不高。但由于一些企业具有高品牌知名度，反而具有一定公信力Because of the profit-pursui

31、ng characteristics of the enterprises, generally, their credibility is not high. However, a number of companies have high brand awareness, they have certain credibility公信力Credibility “民非的影响力甚为有限。缘由在于：组织构造中由于人员和资金限制，欠缺长期有序的营销谋划、实施才干。The influence of The private non-enterprise units is limited. The re

32、asons are as follows: due to personnel and financial restrictions, they are lack of long-term and orderly marketing planning and implementation capacity企业品牌知名度相较“民非要高得多，有的企业还有佳誉度及客户忠实度，因此，企业的志愿效力其影响力是较大的。加之其注重营销，擅长造势，更为其影响力的扩展锦上添花。Compared with private non-government units, the brand awareness of th

33、e enterprises is much higher, and some companies have good reputation and customer loyalty, therefore, the enterprises have greater influence in voluntary services. In addition, the enterprises focus on marketing and do well in creating good momentum, their influence are further enhanced.影响力Influenc

34、e 高High低Low可继续性Sustainability 中长期作用明显Prominent middle-term and long-term effectiveness 短期作用显著Prominent short-term effectiveness功用Functions 丰富。涉及社会开展的方方面面The private non-enterprise units provide more types of services, which involve all aspects of social development 单一因缺乏对公共效力领域的了解和关注，不熟习参与式开展实际，及社会任

35、务方法，故此以物资发放、儿童救助为主要效力类型The enterprises provide single service (as they are lack of understanding and concern on public service and not familiar with the theory of participatory development and social work methods, so their main type of service is provision of materials and aid for children)效力类型Types

36、 of services 润物无声，长久显现 The private non-enterprise units can get effect through persistent efforts雷厉风行，立竿见影The enterprises can get effect instantly效率Efficiency 更情愿选择结合行动的方式，虽然在协作上会存在各种问题The private non-enterprise units are more willing to choose the way of joint action, although there are various iss

37、ues in cooperation根本以单打独斗为主The enterprises almost work independently协作方式Collaborative methods 过程导向、需求导向Process orientation and demand orientation结果导向Results orientation任务方式Working methods 二、社会组织在志愿效力行动中发扬的作用II. Role Performed by Social Organizations in Voluntary Services五不同志愿效力之间的比较 E. Comparison am

38、ong Different Voluntary Services 3、个体志愿者与草根组织志愿效力的比较3. Voluntary Service Comparison between Individual Volunteers and Grassroots Organizations个体志愿者的志愿服务Voluntary services of individual volunteers 草根组织的志愿服务Voluntary services of grassroots organizations 组织方式Organization way 个人或寻找组织The volunteers provi

39、de services by themselves or through cooperating with some organizations 设计志愿服务项目，向社会公开招募 Design voluntary service projects and make open recruitment 管理方式Management way 能动性，资源动员能力强难以为继 The individual volunteers are active and good at mobilizing resources; it is hard for them to provide long-term vol

40、untary services 系统和持续支持；强调计划统筹，有时间成本The grassroots organizations highlight systematical and continuous support as well as plan and coordination, they have relatively higher time costs 动员方式Mobilization way 开放与随意；先锋性，行动迅速Open and free; pioneering and fast action-oriented注重专业规范目标和范围相对清晰The grassroots o

41、rganizations focus on professional services, they have relatively clearer objective and service scope 风险管理意识Risk management awareness 欠缺风险管理意识Lack of risk management awareness 一定的风险管理意识Have certain risk management awareness 理念Principle 社会责任和个人价值的实现Realization of social responsibility and individual

42、value 社会责任和组织价值的实现Realization of social responsibility and value of the organization 工作方式Working methods 根据个人所长或遇到情况而定Depend on personal strengths or specific circumstances 有一定服务领域Have certain service scope 协作方式Collaborative methods 寻找伙伴或者组织Look for partners or organizations 单个组织或联合其他组织或申请政府等支持The g

43、rassroots organizations provide services by themselves, or in cooperation with other organizations or through applying for support of the government效率Efficiency 相对较高Relatively higher 较高Higher 服务类型Types of services 单一Single 多样Diversified 功用Functions 难以评估和监测Hard for appraisal and monitoring 较易方便评估和监测R

44、elatively convenient for appraisal and monitoring 可持续性Sustainability 时断时续Poor sustainability 相对坚持时间稍长一些Relatively longer sustainability 公信力和影响力Credibility and influence 沧海一粟，公信力和影响力受限Individual volunteers are a very small part in voluntary activities, they have limited credibility and influence公信力和影

45、响力较个人高，有较大提升空间Compared with individual volunteers, they have higher credibility and influence and more space for improvement二、社会组织在志愿效力行动中发扬的作用II. Role Performed by Social Organizations in Voluntary Services六社会组织志愿效力的社会评价以救灾为例 F. Social Evaluation Concerning Voluntary Services of Social Organization

46、s (Take Disaster Relief as An Example) 二、社会组织在志愿效力行动中发扬的作用II. Role Performed by Social Organizations in Voluntary Services七社会组织志愿效力的显著特点以救灾为例 G. Notable Characteristics of Volunteer Services of Social Organizations (Take Disaster Relief as an Example) 1、反响快速，行动迅捷； 1. Rapid response and action; 2、参与的

47、组织众多，类型各异； 2. large number of different types of organizations have participated in volunteer services; 3、参与层面多、效力范围广； 3. participating in multi-level and wide-range services; 4、业余任务、专业资质； 4. professional services are provided in spare time; 5、学习与政府协作，初见效果； 5. learning to cooperate with the governme

48、nt and certain results are achieved; 6、社会组织注重协作，构成多个结合办公室；结合行动较多； 6. social organizations have attached great importance to cooperation, lots of joint offices are formed and lots of joint actions are carried out; 7、方式创建、机制创设； 7. creating models and mechanisms; 8、志愿效力支持机构应运而生； 8. the agencies support

49、ing voluntary services came into being; 二、社会组织在志愿效力行动中发扬的作用II. Role Performed by Social Organizations in Voluntary Services 1、志愿过剩； 1. Voluntary overmuchness; 2、社会短少对志愿效力的认识； 2. the society is lack of understanding of volunteer service; 3、信息不对称，导致资源浪费； 3. resources are wasted due to asymmetric infor

50、mation; 4、社会组织进入过多给政府管理带来压力； 4. overmuch participation of the social organizations brings too much pressure to the government; 5、志愿者、社会组织与政府之间缺乏有效沟通和高效协作； 5. volunteers, social organizations and governments are lack of effective communication and collaboration; 6、志愿效力缺乏统筹协调，志愿组织力量分散、各自为； 6. systemat

51、ical voluntary services are lacked, voluntary organizations are scattered; 7、志愿效力管理机制不健全； 7. voluntary service management mechanism is not sound; 8、资金短缺是志愿效力开展的重要妨碍； 8. shortage of funds is a major obstacle to the development of voluntary services; 9、志愿效力程度参差不齐，社会组织的才干建立亟需加强； 9. the level of volunta

52、ry services is uneven, social organizations need to improve their capacity. 三、社会组织参与志愿效力中存在的主要问题以灾区志愿效力为例 III. Main Problems in Voluntary Services Participated in by Social Organizations (take voluntary services in disaster areas as an example ) 1、促进公民社会开展、推进公民组织生长； 1. Promoting the development of t

53、he society and the growth of the civic organizations; 2、完善社会志愿效力体系； 2. improving the social voluntary service system; 3、建立“以效力促进管理的政府与志愿组织协作关系； 3. establishing the cooperative relations between the government and voluntary organizations based on the principle that “service facilitates management; 4、

54、建立“财政支持为引导、社会支持为主体的资源保证机制； 4. establishing the resource guarantee mechanism which is guided by the financial support and supported by the society; 5、建立多元并存、竞争协作的志愿组织开展格局。 5. establishing a development pattern of voluntary organizations which is characterized by diversification and coexistence of coo

55、peration and competition. 四、改良和完善社会组织参与志愿效力的对策建议IV. Suggestions for Social Organizations to Improve and Perfect Their Participating in Voluntary Services志愿效力体系架构想象Idea for Voluntary Service System Idea for Voluntary Service System Volunteer Service System Business Mechanism Basic business model coor

56、dination between party and government, community management, social coordination, civic participation Specialized business model social workers + volunteersSustainable business model (development philosophy) localization of voluntary servicesCoordinated system Focusing on the steering committee of t

57、he national volunteer services, coordinating various volunteer organizations, and carrying out planning, integration, guidance, promotion and appraisal on the volunteer servicesCoordination office: Civilization Committee + Communist Youth League Committee + Civil Affairs Committee + Trade Union + Wo

58、mens Federation + Red Cross Formulating conduct code for national voluntary servicesFormulating the standards on building and services of voluntary organizations, and establishing VIO performance appraisal system Increasing governmental fund investment in voluntary services Mobilizing social resources for volunteer services on the strength of Volunteers Associations at all levels as main body and othersActively help