人教版高一英语必修四导学案全集

1、必修四Unit1Greatwomenandtheirachievements一、语言要点I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词语1.campaign/war/battle2.worth/worthy/worthwhile3.argue/debate辨析1.connectvt.连接；connectionn.联联系；系，词汇词接通电话vi.连接，衔接系；连接关部分形变化2.arguevt.&vi.讨论；argumentn.c争辩论论；争辩；3.crowdn.人群，群crowdedadj.充众；(拥)满了的，拥挤的v.聚集；挤满；挤，推4.inspirevt.鼓舞；inspirationn

2、.激发；鼓舞；灵感启示inspiredadj.受灵感启示的inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的5.considerateadj.体贴的，体谅的considerationn.considerableadj.考虑，要考虑的事；相当大(或多)的体贴6.delivervt.递送(邮deliveryn.c,u件)，接投递；生；生(小孩)；发表(演说)演讲deliverer递送者重点单词重点1.achievementn.C成就，功绩2.behavevt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现3.observevt.观察；观测；遵守4.respectvt.&n.尊敬；尊重；重视5.arguevt.&vi.讨论；辩

3、论；争论6.supportvt.&n.支持；拥护；支撑；赡养；给予帮助同情等的人7.intendvt.计划；打算8.delivervt.接生(小孩)，递送，发表(演说)1.lookdownupon/on蔑视；瞧不起2.referto谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指而言eacross(偶然)遇见；碰见词组4.carryon继续；坚持5.live/leada.life过着的生活1.Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivity重点句oftheday.子2.Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfew重点语

4、monthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.3.Shealsoworkedhardtomakeasmanycountriesaspossibleagreenottousethem.主谓一致（见语法部分）法II词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1.campaign/war/battle【解释】war“战争”的总称，一般包括多个战役的大规模战争。battle“战斗”，指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，有持续几小时的，也有持续几天的。campaign“战役”，指在某一地区所进行的一连串有固定目的的军事行动，规模比battle大；还用来表“政治或商业性的活动、竞选活动”ca

5、mpaignfor/against从事运动【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Theywonthe_butlostthe_.2).Thecityhallisplanningtostarta_againstsmoking.Keys:1).battle;war2).campaign2.worth/worthy/worthwhile【解释】worth只能作表语，其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词的主动一般形式:beworthdoingworthy可作表语，后接of+名词/of+动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式:beworthyof+n./ofbeingdone/tobedone也作定

6、语，“值得的”，“有价值的”：aworthywinner名副其实的赢家worthwhile可作表语和定语:aworthwhilejob值得做的工作itisworthwhiletodo/doing【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Thenecklacewas_100francsatmost.2).Its_todiscussthequestionagain.3).Youwouldfindit_yourwhiletocometothemeeting.4).Cantyoufindsomething_doingatall?Thebookis_(很值得读)asecondtime.5).Th

7、isplaceofinterestisworthy_/_/_(参观).Keys:1).worth2).worthwhile3).worth4).worth;wellworthreading5).ofavisit/ofbeingvisited/tobevisited3.argue/debate【解释】argue指某人坚持自己的主张，举出事实和理由说服某人或反对其他方面的意见。debate指辩论者长在自己的立场公开争论一个问题。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).We_withher_howtogothere.2).They_thecaseforhours.3).They_thequ

8、estionopenly.4).Lastweek,ourclasshada_overwhethermiddleschoolstudentsshouldcarrycellphonesatschool.Keys:1).argued;about2).argued3).debated4).debateIII词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1.connectvt.连接；connectionn.联系，关联系；系；连接接通电话vi.连接，衔接2.arguevt.&vi.讨论；argumentn.c争论；争辩论辩；3.crowdn.人群，群crowdedadj.充(拥)满了众；的，拥挤的v.聚集；挤满；挤

9、，推4.inspirevt.鼓舞；inspirationn.鼓舞；灵inspiredadj.受灵感启激发；感示的inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的启示5.considerateadj.体贴的，体谅的considerationn.考虑，要考虑的事；体贴considerableadj.相当大(或多)的6.delivervt.递送(邮deliveryn.c,u投递；件)，接演讲生；生(小孩)；发表(演说)deliverer递送者【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1).Itwas_(consideration)ofyounottoplaythepianowhileIwasasleep.2).T

10、hegoodnews_(inspire)uswithhope.3).Thechildrenhadan_(argue)aboutwhatgametoplay.4).Pleasepayon_(deliver).5).Takingeverythinginto_(consider),theeventwasagreatsuccess.6).Thenarrowroadswere_(crowd)withholidaytraffic.7).Whatisthe_(connect)betweenthetwoideas?Keys:1).considerate2).inspired3).argument4).deli

11、very5).consideration6).crowded7).connectionIV重点词汇（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1.behavevt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现behavio(u)rn.行为；举止；习惯典例1).Behaveyourself;dontmakeafoolofyourself.注意你的举止,别闹出笑话来。2).Howisyournewcarbehaving?你的新车性能如何？重点用法behaveoneself使某人自己举止规矩behaviourtowards/to.对的态度/行为练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Itshardtotrainch

12、ildrento_(举止得体)atthetable.2).Sheisalways_(举止得体)atschool.3).Their_(behave)_(介词)meshowsthattheydonotlikeme.Keys:1).behavewell2).wellbehaved3).behaviourtowards2.achievementn.c成就，功绩achievevt.取得，完成典例1).HereceivedtheNobelPrizeforhisscientificachievements.他因科学上取得的成就而获得诺贝尔奖。2).FlyingacrosstheAtlanticforthef

13、irsttimewasagreatachievement.首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的功绩。重点用法achieveanaim/goal达到目标achievesuccess获得成功练习根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Withoutthesupportofthepeoplewecan_.2).Ihaveachievedonlyhalfof_Ihopetodo.3).Congratulationstoyou(介词)_suchacompletevictory.Keys:1).achievenothing2).what3).on;achieving3.observevt.观察；观测；遵守obse

14、rvationn.u观察；观测；监视典例1).Thepoliceobservedthemanentering/enterthebank.警方监视着那男子进入银行的情况。2).Thewomanwasobservedtofollowhimclosely.有人看到那女子紧跟着他。重点用法observesb.dosth.观察某人做某事(已做完)observesb.doingsth.观察某人正在做某事underobservation被监视练习用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。1).Theywereobserved_(enter)thebankthen.2).Keynes_(观察到)humansfal

15、lintotwoclasses.Keys:1).entering2).observedthat4.respectvt.&n.尊敬；尊重；重视典例1).Ifyoudontrespectyourself,howcanyouexpectotherstorespectyou?自己不自重,又怎能受到别人尊重呢?2).Ihavethegreatestrespectforyou.我非常尊敬您。重点用法respectsb.forsth.因某事而尊敬某人sb./sth.尊敬某人/事gain/get/earn/wintherespectofsb.赢得某人的尊敬have/showrespectforoutofres

16、pect出于尊敬练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Thenewofficersoon_(赢得)therespectofhismen.2).I_you_(因某事而尊敬)yourhonesty.3).Ihavegreatrespect_(介词)hisideas,althoughIdontagreewiththem.Keys:1).won/earned2).respect;for3).for5.arguevt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论argumentn.c争论；争辩；争吵典例1).Dontarguewithyourmother.不要和母亲争辩。2).Iarguedthatwenee

17、dedalargeroffice.我据理力争我们需要大些的办公室。重点用法arguefor(sb./sth.)为(某人/某事)而辩护反对某人/某事)而辩护arguewithsb.(about/oversth.)与某人(为某事)而争吵argueagainst(sb./sth.)arguethat.主张o/outofdoingsth.通过争论使某人做/不做某事haveanargumentabout/oversth.辩论某事练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。1).We_(说服她加入)us.2).Weargued_thewaiter_theprice_themeal

18、.Keys:1).arguedherintojoining2).with;about;of6.supportvt.&n.支持；拥护；支撑；赡养；给予帮助同情等的人典例1).Isthisbridgestrongenoughtosupportheavylorries?这座桥禁得住重型卡车通行吗?2).Hewasweakwithhunger,soIhadtosupporthim.他饿得没有力气,我得搀着他。重点用法supportsb./afamily支持某人/赡养家庭（做）某事方面支持某人supportsb.by(doing)sth.通过做某事支持某人supportsb.in(doing)sth.在

19、insupportofsb/sth支持或支援某人/事物supportoneself自力更生givesupporttosb.支持、支援某人练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Willyousupportme_(介词)mycampaignforelection?2).Jimwasagreatsupport_(介词)themwhentheirfatherdied.3).我求学期间由父母供养。_Keys:1).in2).to3).IwassupportedbymyparentswhenIendvt.计划；打算intentionn.意图，意向，目的典例1

20、).Iheartheyintendtomarry/intendmarrying.听说他们要结婚了。2).Iintendyoutotakeover.我打算让你来接管。重点用法intendtodo/doingsth.=meantodosth.打算做某物)是为而准备的sth.beintendedfor(某intendsb.todosth.打算让某人做某事intendsth.as/tobe打算让某物作用intendthat.打算练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Thisbookis_(是为初学者写的).2).Wasthatremarkintended_(介词)ajoke?3).Idi

21、dntintendher_(see)thepaintinguntilitwasfinished.Keys:1).intendedfor2).as3).tosee8.delivervt.接生(小孩)，递送，发表(演说)deliveryn.投递deliverer递送者，交货人典例1).Thebabywasdeliveredinaclinic.孩子是在一个医疗站接生的。2).ComradeYangdeliveredtheopeningspeech.杨同志致开幕词。重点用法deliverababy接生小孩；生小孩deliveresth.to.把某物送到expressdelivery快递ondelive

22、ry送达时，货到时练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1).Somenewbookshave_(deliver)_(介词)theschoo1.2).Theactor_hisspeech_(介词)asoftvoice.Keys:1).beendelivered;to2).delivered/gave;inV重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1.lookdownupon/on蔑视；瞧不起典例1).Shelooksdownonpeoplewhoveneverbeentouniversity.她瞧不起没上过大学的人。2).Youcantlookdownuponapersonbecauseheis

23、poor.你不能因为某个人穷而瞧不起他。重点用法look短语：lookonsb./sth.as=considersb./sth.as把某人看作lookon袖手旁观lookintosth.调查或观察某事物看look(sb.)upanddown上下打量(某人)lookup查阅(单词、资料)；向上lookoutforsb/sth警惕或留心某人/物练习根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Hewas_(被人看不起)becauseofhishumblebackground.2).Heis_(被认为是)theleadingauthorityonthesubject.3).Ifyouwanttok

24、nowhowawordisused,_it_inadictionary.Keys:1).lookeddownon2).lookedonas3).look;up2.referto谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指而言典例1).Weagreednevertorefertothematteragain.我们同意不再谈这件事了。2).ShethoughtIwasreferringtoherdaughterwhenweweretalking.当我们谈话时她以为我指的是她的女儿。重点用法refertosb./sth.as把某人/物称作让某人向求助练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。refersth

25、./sb.to把某事提交；1).Althoughshedidntmentionanynames,everyoneknewwhoshewas_(指).2).Hegavethespeech_(没有参阅)hisnotes.3).Helikesto_(被称为)“DoctorKhee”.4).Mydoctorreferredme_(介词)ahospitalspecialist.Keys:1).referringto2).withoutreferringto3).bereferredtoas4)eacross=runacross=meetbychance(偶然)遇见；碰见典例1).Icameacrossa

26、noldschoolfriendinOxfordStreetthismorning.今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。2).Shecameacrosssomeoldphotographsinadrawer.她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。短语归纳come短语：comeabout=happen发生comeout出现；开花；出版或发表；透露；显出comeupwithsth找到或提出（答案办法等）练习用come短语的适当形式填空。comefrom来自comeup升起；发生；出现1).I_somenewwordswhilereading.2).Hisnewbookwill_nextmonth.3).S

27、he_anewideaforincreasingsales.4).Canyoutellmehowtheaccident_?5).Howdidit_thatheknewwherewewere?Keys:1).cameacross2).comeout3).cameupwith4).cameabout5).cameabout4.carryon继续；坚持典例1).Carryon(working/withyourwork)whileImaway.我不在的时候,要继续做工作。2).Theydecidedtocarryoninspiteoftheweather.他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持。短语归纳carry

28、短语：carryon(doingsth/withsth.)继续(做)某事行carryoutaplan/orders/instructions执行计划/命令/指示carryout贯彻，执carrysththrough成功地完成某事物carryabout随身携带carryaway运走,使失去自制力练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或carry短语。1).Theydecidedto_inspiteoftheweather.2).Extensivetestshave_onthepatient.3).Itisadifficultjobbutshesthepersontocarryit_.4).Don

29、tblameme.Imonly_myorders.Keys:1).carryon2).beencarriedouton3).through4).carryingout5.live/leada.life过着的生活典例Theyliveapeacefullife.他们过着平静的生活。短语归纳“v.+同源宾语”结构：smilea.smile露出微笑dreama.dream做了个的梦sleepa.sleep睡个觉diea.death怎样地死去singa.song唱的歌fighta.battle打的仗laugha.laugh发出方式的笑声练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Weareliv

30、inghappily.=Weareliving_.2)._(多么艰辛的生活)theylived!3).I_(做了个美梦)lastnight.Keys:1).livingahappylife2).Whatahardlife3).dreamed/hadabeautifuldreamVI重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1.Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday.()解释动名词做主语的用法：动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作(在口语中也可以表示具体的动作)。如：Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。/Helpi

31、ngherismyduty.帮助她是我的责任。动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。如：1).Playingtricksonothersissomethingweshouldneverdo.捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。2).Talkingiseasierthandoing.说比做容易。用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如:Itisuseless/worth/nogood/nouse/nosensedoingsth.等，如：1).ItisuselesstryingtoarguewithShy

32、lock.和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。2).Itsnosensearguingwithher.和她争吵没有意思。动名词短语作主语时的谓语动词用单数形式：Learningnewwordsisveryimportantforme.学习新单词对我来说非常重要。练习用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1).Talking_(mend)noholes.2)._(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.3).Isitanygood_(try)toexplain?Keys:1).mends2).Walking3).trying2.Onlyafterhermoth

33、ercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以考虑自己的计划。解释以“only+状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)”开头的句子要用部分倒装，即将助动词或连系动词置于主语之前，如：1).Onlyaftermyfriendcamewasthecomputerrepaired.只有在我的朋友来后电脑才修好。2).OnlywhenyoupointeditoutformedidIrealizethatIwaswrong.只有当你帮我指出来了我才意识到我错了。注意：如果以“only

34、+主语”开头的句子不用倒装，如：1).Onlywecanhelpourselves.只有我们能帮自己。2).OnlyTomfailedintheexam.只有汤姆考试不及格。练习用倒装句型翻译句子。1).只有用这种方法我们才能把英语学得更好。_2).只有当你看了说明后你才知道怎么使用这台机器。_Keys:1).OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishbetter.2).Onlyafteryoureadtheinstructionsdoyouknowhowtousethemachine.3.Shealsoworkedhardtomakeasmanycountriesaspos

35、sibleagreenottousethem.她努力劝说尽可能多的国家同意不使用它们（地雷）。解释as.aspossible=as.asonecan“尽可能”，第一个as可接adj./adv.或many/few+n.(pl.)或much/little+n.u，如：1).Beaskindtoheraspossible/youcan.对她尽可能和蔼些。2).Doyourhomeworkascarefullyaspossible/youcan.做作业尽可能地细心。3).Readasmanyusefulbooksaspossible/youcan.看尽可能多的书。练习翻译句子。1).在写作中，你应该尽

36、量少犯错误。_2).为了养活一大家人，他卖力工作尽力多挣钱。_Keys:1).Youshouldmakeasfewmistakesasyoucaninyourwriting.2).Inordertosupportalargefamily,heworkedhardtoearnasmuchmoneyaspossible.二、课文要点1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：JaneGoodall,1hadintendedtoworkwithanimalsintheirown2（环境）sinceherchildhood,wentt

37、oAfricaanddevotedherselfto3（study）thebehaviorofchimps.Itwastoughbutsheconsidereditasa4（有价值的）career.Throughherstudy,welearnedmuchmoreaboutchimps.Shearguedthatthelifeoftheseanimalsshould5（respect）andtheyshouldbeleftinthewildandnotused6entertainment.Besides,shewasvery7（consider）oftheseanimals.Now,sheha

38、s8（实现）everythingshewantedtodo,which9（激励）thosewhowanttocheerthe10（成就）ofwomen.答案:1.who2.environment3.studying4.worthwhile5.berespected6.for7.considerate8.achieved9.inspired10.achievements2课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。这一篇文章给我们介绍了黑猩猩家庭，这使我们认识到，黑猩猩家族的关联就像人类的家庭那么坚固。JaneGoodall的努力，以

39、及她关于保护黑猩猩的观点使她取得了不少成就。Thispassageintroduces_答案：Thispassageintroducesthegroupsofchimpstous,whichmadeusrealizethattheboneofachimpfamilyisasstrongasthatofahumans.JaneGoodallseffortsandheropinionontheprotectionofthechimpsmadeherachievedalot.3课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1.【原句】FollowingJaneswayofstudyingchi

40、mps,ourgroupareallgoingtovisitthemintheforest.跟着简研究黑猩猩的路线，我们团队都去森林中探望他们。模仿要点句子结构现在分词，+主句【模仿1】听取老师的意见，我在英语学习上取得了快速进步。_答案：Followingtheteachersadvice,ImaderapidprogressinEnglishlearning.【模仿2】按照指南，你一定会解决这问题。_答案：Followingtheinstruction,youwillsurelysolvetheproblem.2【原句】Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherfort

41、hefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.只有在她的母亲来帮助她的头几个月，才让她开始她的计划。模仿要点句子结构：Only+状语（主句要倒装）【模仿1】只有当您不遗余力你能取得重大进展。_答案：Onlywhenyousparenoeffortcanyoumakegreatprogress.【模仿2】只有当我们认识到我们生活环境的重要性，我们才能意识到保护环境就是保护我们的家。_答案：Onlywhenwecametorealizetheimportanceofourlivingenvironmentcanwebeawareofthefactth

42、atpreservingnatureispreservingourhome.三、单元自测1完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：221完成时间：14分难度：*钟Iconsidermyselfsomethingofanexpertonapologies.Aquicktemperhasprovidedmewithplentyofopportunitiestomakethem.Inoneofmyearliest21,mymotheristellingme,Dontwatchthe22whenyousay,“Imsor

43、ry”.Holdyourheadupandlookatthepersoninthe23,sohellknowyoumeanit.Mymotherthusmadethekeypointofasuccessfulapology:itmustbedirect.Youmustnever24tobedoingsomethingelse.Youdonotlookthroughapileofletterswhileapologizingtoaperson25inpositionafterblaminghimorherforamistakethatturnedouttobeyourfault.Youdonot

44、apologizetoahostess,whoseguestofhonoryoutreat26,bysending,flowersthenextdaywithoutmentioningyourbadmanners.Oneoftheimportantthingsyoushoulddoforaneffectiveapologyisreadinessto27theresponsibilityforourcarelessmistakes.Weareusedtomakingexcuses,whichleavesno28fortheotherpersontoforgiveus.Sincemostpeopl

45、eareopen-hearted,theno-excuseapologyleavesbothpartiesfeeling29aboutthemselves.That,afterall,isthepurposeofeveryapology.It30littlewhethertheapologizeriswhollyoronlypartlyatfault:answeringforonesactionsencouragesotherstotaketheirshareoftheblame.21.A.dreamsB.coursesC.memoriesD.ideas22.A.sideB.groundC.w

46、allD.bottom23.A.mindB.soulC.faceD.eye24.A.pretendB.forgetC.refuseD.expect25.A.poorerB.weakerC.worseD.lower26.A.cruellyB.freelyC.roughlyD.foolishly27.A.raiseB.performC.admitD.bear28.A.situationB.needC.signD.room29.A.wiser30.A.caresB.warmerC.betterD.clevererB.mattersC.dependsD.remains答案：本文阐述了一个观点，道歉要真

47、诚，要敢于承担责任，同时也批评了一些“假”道歉的行为。21选C紧接着的就是作者回忆出来的内容。22选B与后面提到的“要抬起头”正好相反。23选D道歉时看着对方的眼睛，以示真诚，在这一点上中西方是一样的。24选A根据上下文得知，道歉时要诚恳，不能假装着做别的事。所以这儿要用“pretend”。25选D职位一般论要用“高、低”来衡量。不用B项“强弱”和A项“贵贱”26选Croughly此处表示对待客人不礼貌，服务不到位。27选Dbeartheresponsibility承担责任。28选Dleavenoroom不留余地。29选Cbetter表示“心情更舒畅”未找借口的道歉，即真诚的道歉，对方的感觉一

48、定很好。30选B道歉者是全部还是部分承担责任这些都不太重要：关键是为所作所为主动负责，这也能促使别人共同承担责任。2.语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。词数：180完成时间：9分难度：*钟MrVincentwastiredoflivinginthebigcitywhereheworked.Hewantedtomovetothecountryand31(live)inahousefromwhichhecouldgettohisofficeinthecityearl

49、yeveryday.Hewaslookingforahouse32hesawanadinanewspaperoneday.Theadsaidthatasuitablehouseinaquietareawasupforsaleata33(reason)price,andthehousewas34astonesthrowofarailwaystation35whichtherewerefrequenttrainstothebigcity.Thatsexactly36Ineed.Mr.Vincentsaidto37.Sohecalledthehouseagencyandarrangedtogodow

50、nbytrain38nextdaytohavealookatthehouse.Thehouseagencymethimatthestationandtheystartedwalking.39tookthematleast15minutestogettothehouse.40theyreached,Mr.Vincentsaidangrily,Ishouldbeveryinterestedtomeetthemanwhothrewthestoneyoumentionedinthenewspaper.答案31live32until33reasonable34within35from36what37hi

51、mself38the39It40When31live，and连接两个动词不定式短语做wanted的宾语：32until，考查until引导的时间状语从句.33reasonable，reason的形容词是加后缀-able，表“合理的”：34within，介词“在之内”-35from，介词from加关系代词which引导限制性定语从句。36what，由what引导的名词性从句作表语：37himself，saytooneself表“自言自语”：38.the39It，Ittakessomebodysometimetodosomething句型，其中作it形式主语：40When，考查由When引导的时间

52、状语从句：3.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：315完成时间：7分钟难度：*Washington:AresearchconductedattheUniversityofMarylandlooksatthenumerouscomplexreasonsastowhyyoungchildrendecidetoincludeorexclude(排斥)otherkidsfromtheirgroupoffriends.Itsuggeststhatthekidsdecision-makingprocessismuchmorecomplexth

53、anpreviouslybelieved.Theytakeintoaccountgroupinformation,rangingfromcliques(小圈子)andnetworks,whendecidingwhatmakesagroupworkwell.Sometimeskidsareexcludedbecausetheylacksocialskills,butalotoftimeithasnothingtodowiththat.Insteadithastodowithwhatwerefertoasgroupmembershipsuchasgender,race,nation,andcult

54、ure,saysProfessorMelanieKillen,theAssociateDirectoroftheCentreforChildrenRelationshipsandCultureatMaryland,wholedthe4-yearproject.Reportingtheirfindingsinthejournal,theresearchersaidwhateverwasthereason,individualswhoexperiencedpervasive(普遍的)long-termexclusionfromthegroupoffriendssufferedfromdepress

55、ion,anxietyandloneliness.Thestudylookedattwomodelstodefinehowchildrenmakedecisionsregardingacceptanceofotherkidsintheirgroup-theindividualsocialdeficitmodelandtheinter-groupsocialcognition(认同)model.Whiletheformersaysthatchildrensrejectionoccursduetosocialdeficitslikeshyness,warinessorfearfulness,the

56、lattersaysthatithappensbecauseofgroupdynamics,prejudiceandexclusion.Itwasalsofoundthattheageofchildrenwasalsoafactorthatinfluencedtheirdecisionsregardingotherkidsacceptanceasfriends.Withage,kidsbecomemoreawareofgroupdynamics,conventions,customs,andrituals.Withthiscomesagreaterconcernaboutgroupfuncti

57、oning,whichcanleadtoexclusionwhichcanbenegativefromasocialjusticeviewpoint,saysKillen.Theresearcherbelievesthatherstudymayhavemanybenefits,asitcouldprovideinsightsintohowtohelpwhenchildrenarerejectedbytheirpeers.41.Whilemakingfriends,kidsthinkmoreaboutthefollowingEXCEPT_.A.socialskillsB.cultureC.rac

58、eD.gender42.TheunderlinedworddeficitinParagraph5maymean“_”.A.skillB.relationshipC.weaknessD.experience43.Oneofthemajorpurposesoftheresearchisto_.A.tellthereaderhowtotellinclusionfromexclusionB.remindchildrentobecarefulwhilemakingfriendsC.seekwaystohelpkidsexcludedbytheirpeersD.stopthechildrenbelongi

59、ngtotheinter-groupsocialcognitionmodel44.Whilemakingfriends,childrenexcludethoseofsocialdeficitmodelto_.A.keeptheirgroupspurerB.maketheirgroupsmoresociallypowerfulC.refuseothercustomsandculturesD.provetheirgroupstobestrict45.Thepropertitleforthispassageis_.A.TechniquesofmakingfriendsB.Socialcommunic

60、ationamongkidsC.Makingfriends-aspecialcultureD.Kidscomplexwayofmakingfriends答案：孩子怎样在社会上交友？可以将他们分成几种类型？它们的特点是什么？本文将回答这些问题。41.A。细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知：尽管孩子交友时有时排斥那些缺乏社会技巧的人，但是大多数时候是根据性别、种族、民族和文化等因素来确定的。42.C。词义辨析题。本段最后一句对socialdeficits做了解释：诸如shyness,warinessorfearfulness，可见该词意思是指社会交往中的个性弱点。43.C。细节理解题。可从最后一