高三英语一轮语法复习之倒装讲义

1、倒装主语在前，谓语在后，这是英语句子的正常语序，是最基本的结构，有时候，为了强调 或句子结构的需要，把谓语的一局部或全部放在主语之前，主语和谓语倒置，这就是倒装结 构。把谓语一局部（如助动词或情态动词）放在主语前，称为局部倒装；把谓语局部全部放 在主语前，称为全部倒装。一、全部倒装.在表示动作的简短句子里，为了表达生动，有时把副词放在句首，同时把谓语动词（常 为实义动词）放在主语之前。常用这类副词有：in, out, up, down, away, off, over等.In came the teacher and the class began.老师进来了，开始上课。Out rushed

2、the students the moment the bell rang. 铃一响，学生们就冲 了 出去。注意：主语如果为代词时，就局部倒装。Out he rushed.他冲 了 出去。.用于 there be 结构或 there, her, now, then, thus, such, next 引导的句子。There are some trees in front of the house.房子前面有几棵树。There goes the bell and class is over.铃响了，下课了。There seemed to be an accident when he got th

3、ere.他到那时看起来有一场事故。Now comes your turn to be on duty today.现在该轮到你值日 了。Then came the students.接着来的是学生。Thus ended his life.他就这样结束了生命。Such was Albert Einstein a simple man of great achievements.这就是爱因斯坦，一个简单而又取得具大成绩的人。Next came Tom.下一个来的是汤姆。注意：主语为代词时，以there或here开头的句子不可用倒装。Here you are.给你。Here he comes.他来了

4、。.介词短语位于句首引起的全部倒装。Among us was a soldier who was wounded in the stomach. 我们中间有一个胃部受伤的士兵。In front of the house sat a small boy.房前坐着一个小孩。Inside the pyramids are burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. 金字塔里面是皇帝、皇后的停尸房和通往这些停尸房的通道。.现在分词+系动词+主语引起的全部Walking around the corner

5、 was a large policeman with his two police dogs.一个身材魁武的警察带着两只警犬在角落里走着。这两句话的正常顺序为：A large policeman with his two police dogs was walking around the corner.过去分词+系动词+主语引起的全部倒装。我们用洋油的日子过去了。Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.这两句的正常顺序为：The days when we used foreign oil are gone.形容词+系动词+主语的全部倒装。Pre

6、sent at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith. And many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授和其它客人。这句话的正常顺序为：Professor White and professor Smith and other guests were present at the meeting.地点状语位于句首引起的倒装。South of the city lies big steel factory.用于so, neither, or开头的句子，表示后者情况也适合前者情况。I am a worker

7、. So is he.我是工人。他也是。I can speak English. So can he.我会说英语他也会。She got up late this morning. So did I.她今天早晨起来得晚。我也是。Tom works hard. So does Bob.汤姆工作努力。鲍勃也努力。He has been to Beijing. So have L 他去过北京。我也去过。二、局部倒装我以前从未见过他。 我想几乎不可能。 我几乎不知道这件事。他几乎不会英语. never （决不），hardly （几乎不），scarcely （几乎不）,barely （反之）,little

8、 （不）,often （经 常），at no time （绝不）,not once （不只一次），in no case （决不），nowhere （没有地方），not until （直到-才）,under no circumstances （决不）,by no means （决不）等表示否东或半否 定意义的副词或词组开头的句子中。Never have I met him.Hardly did I think it possible.Scarcely did I know it.Little does he know English.So loudly did he speak that we

9、all could hear him. 他说的那么大声，我们全能听见。So hot is it today that we all stay in doors.今天很热所以我们都呆在屋里。By no means is London so pretty as Paris. 伦敦决不像巴黎那样漂亮。.用于 no sooner-than （-就-）,hardly-when （一-就一）,scarcely-when （一一就-）,not only-but-also （不但-而且-）No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.他一到那就病了。Hardl

10、y had he finished his work when someone knocked at the door.他刚干完5舌就有人敲门。Scarcely had I got to the cinema when the film began. 我一到电影院，电影就开演 了。Not only is he himself interested in English but (also) he is in interested in French.他不但对英语感兴趣，并且对法语也感兴趣。.用于以副词only开头的句子，0nly后加状语或状语从句后接be动词/助动词/情态动词+ 主语。Only

11、 recently have I had time to read the book.直到最近我才有时间读这本书。.用于形容词(名词、动词、副词)+as/though引导的让步状语从句中。Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world. 他虽然只是个孩子，但却很懂人情世故。Hot as it is, he is still outside in the sun.虽然天气热，他还是在外边在阳光下。Hard as he worked, he didnt pass the exam, 尽管他学习努力，他考试没及格。Try as he might, he

12、can5t finish it on time.尽管他多么尽力，都不能按时完成。.用于省略if的虚拟条件句中were/should/had+主语+其他Were she my friend, I would ask her for help.如果她是我的朋友，我就会请她帮助。Had he taken my advice, he might have succeeded.他要是听我的建议就会成功。Should he come tomorrow, I would tell you. 如果他明天来，我就告诉你。.用于表示祝愿的句子中。Long live the Peoples Republic of

13、China! 中华人民共和国万岁！翻译练习：.猫跳了上去抓住了老鼠。.蝙蝠飞了下去。.猎人们匆忙地走了。.瓶子翻过来了。.他们来了。.他进来了。.车来了，快点。.墙上有一副马克思的肖像。.碰巧在庙里有我一个朋友。.我的眼镜呢？这呢。.它在那边。.山脚下有一条河。.山顶有一座古庙。.河岸旁停放着一堆堆的草垛。.工厂的后面是稻田地。.他们来到一家农舍，农舍前坐着一个小孩。. 一个腼腆长着两只大眼睛的女孩坐在屋子的后面。.汤姆坐在桌旁。.从峡谷里传来了可怕的声音。.他解放以前是个工人，他弟弟也是。.我不会说法语。他也不会。.我昨天没上学。他也没上。.他没吃午饭。我也没吃。.有些学生经常不吃早饭，一些

14、老师也不吃。.他不老实，Tom也不老实。.我以前不是医生，他也不是。.他好不容易保住了性命。.老汤姆常来。.我很少看见这么大的苹果。.他一个错误没犯。.我们决不放弃希望。.在任何情况下他决不做违背他意志的事。.他不只一次说这件事。.我不知道这事，也不关心这事。.至到昨天我才知道这件事。.他不但认识到了错误并且想改正。.他一走进教室，铃就响了。.老师刚刚走出就有一个学生来找他。.孩子刚一睡着，妈妈就离开房间了。.直到那时我才知道这事情。. 一个人只有离开家时才意识到家庭的温暖。.尽管这些贵族傲，他们却怕见我。.虽然他是英雄，他还是有些缺点。.尽管努力了，他还是打不开门。.如果我有时间，我就去。.

15、如果明天下雨，我们将推迟去杨浦大桥。.如果不是免费的票，我绝不会经常去看电影。.如果他听从了老师的建议，他就不会犯如此多的错误。.祝你幸福！答案：Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. 猫跳 了 上去抓住 了 老鼠。Down flew the bat.蝙蝠飞了 下去。Away hurried the hunters.猎人们匆忙地走了。Over turns the bottle.瓶子翻过来 了。Away they went. 他们来了。In he came. 他进来 了。Here comes the bus, lets hurry. 车来了，快点。Ther

16、e is a portrait of Karl Marx on the wall.墙上有一副马克思的肖像。There happened to be a friend of mine in the temple.碰巧在庙里有我一个朋友。一Where are my glasses? Here they are.我的眼镜呢？这呢。There it is.它在那边。At the foot the mountain runs a river. 山脚下有条河。At the top of the mountain stood an old temple. 山顶有一座古庙。Along the river ba

17、rks stood stacks of hay.河岸旁停放着一堆堆的草垛。At the back of the factory are rice field.工厂的后面是稻田地。They arrived at a farmhouse, in from of which sat a small boy. 他们来到一家农舍，农舍前 坐着一个小孩。Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes. 一个腼腆长着两只大眼睛 的女孩坐在屋子的后面。Seated at the table was Tom.汤姆坐在桌旁。From

18、 the valley came a frightening sound. 从峡谷里传来了可怕的声音。He was a worker before liberation. So was his brother.他解放以前是个工人，他弟弟也是。I can9t speak French. Nor (Neither) can he.我不会说法语。他也不会。I didnt go to school yesterday. Nor (Neither) did he.我昨天没上学。他也没上。He hasn had his lunch. Neither (Nor) have I. 他没吃午饭。我也没吃。Som

19、e students dont usually have breakfast, Neither (Nor) do some teachers.有些学生经常 不吃早饭，一些老师也不吃。He isnt honest, neither (Nor) is Tom. 他不老实，Tom 也不老实。I wasnt a doctor, neither (Nor) was he. 我以前不是医生，他也不是。Scarcely did he escaped with his life. 他好不容易保住了 性命。Often does old Tom come. 老汤姆常来。Seldom have I seen suc

20、h a big apple.我很少看见这么大的苹果。Not a single mistake did he make. 他一个错误没犯。Under no circumstances should we give up hope. 我们决不放弃希望。At no time does he do something again his will.在任何情况下他决不做违背他意志的 事。Not once did he say that.他不只一次说这件事。I don5t know, nor do I care.我不知道这事，也不关心这事。Not until yesterday did I know it

21、.至到昨天我才知道这件事。Not only did he realize his mistake but (also) he wanted to correct it. 他不但认识至U 了 错误 并且想改正。Hardly had we entered the classroom the bell rang. 他一走进教室，铃就响 了。No sooner had the teacher gone out than a student came to visit him. 老师刚冈U走出就有 个学生来找他。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 孩子刚