名词变复数变化规则

1、下载文档可编辑智博教育名词变复数变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds,pig-pigs,pear-pears,ruler-rulers,bag-bags,tree-trees以s.x.sh.ch结尾，力口-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,fox-foxesbrush-brushes,watch-watches，peach-peache，dress-dresses,dish-dishes.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如:family-families,strawberry-strawb

2、erriesbody-bodies,cherry-cherries,特别强调boy复数boys,toy复数toys（a,e,I,o,u原音字母加y结尾的单词直接加s.）以f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives,wolf-wolves,wife-wives5不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,this-these,that-those,I-we,he,she,it-theyfoot-feet,.tooth-

3、teeth,goose-geese.fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese6.不可数名词不加s或es液体类和肉类；tea,offee,milk,soup,coke,juice,beer,water,rain,snow,beef,c不变化).hicken,fish,mutton.(fish,people,sheep,Chinese,二、一般现在时【No.1】一般现在时的功能表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六

4、点起床。表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./N

5、o,Imnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idontlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：Hedoesntoftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+

6、般疑问句。女口：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，力口-es,口：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,女口：study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteach二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。Heoft

7、en(have)dinnerathome.DanielandTommy(be)inClassOne.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.Nick(notgo)tothezooonSunday.they(like)theWorldCup?Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.Mike(like)

8、cooking.They(have)thesamehobby.Myaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.I(be)ill.Imstayinginbed.She(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.LiuTao(do)notlikePE.Thechildoften(watch)TVintheevening.SuHaiandSuYang(have)eightlessonsthisterm.Whatday(be)ittoday?ItsSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子Danielwatc

9、hesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.（改为否定句）下载文档可编辑Iliketakingphotosinthepark.（对划线部分提问）JohncomesfromCanada.（对划线部分提问）Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.（改为一般

10、疑问句，作否定回答）SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.（改为否定句）五、改错（划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上）1.English?Isyourbrotherspeak2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSundays.三、现在进行时下载文档可编辑1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.现在进行时的否定句

11、在be后加not。现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意+be+动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking以不发音的e结尾，去e力口ing，女口：make-making,taste-tasting如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：playrunswimmakegolike_write_skiread_

12、havesingdanceputsee_buy_lovelive_take_come_getstop_sit_begin_shop、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：Theboy(draw)apicturenow.Listen.Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom.Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow.Whatyou(do)now?Look.They(have)anEnglishlesson.They(not,water)theflowersnow.Look!thegirls(dance)intheclassroom.Whatisourgranddaugh

13、terdoing?She(listen)tomusic.Its5oclocknow.We(have)suppernowHelen(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型转换：Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(并作肯定和否定回答)改一般疑问句3Implayingthefootballintheplayground.（对划线部分进行提问）4Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.（对划线部分进行提问）四、将来时理论及练习一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在

14、的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构：begoingto+do;will+do.三、否定句：在be动词(am,is,are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如：Imgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.Imnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：Wearegoin

15、gtogoonanoutingthisweekend.fAreyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。问人。Who例如：ImgoingtoNewYorksoon.fWhosgoingtoNewYorksoon.问干什么。Whatdo.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.fWhatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.问什么时候。When例如：Shesgoingtogotobedatnine.fW

16、henisshegoingtobed?六、同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.二Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.练习：填空。我打算明天和朋友去野炊。Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。WhatnextMonday?Iplaybasketball.WhatyoudonextMonday?Iplaybasketball.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。yourmothergoshoppingthis

17、?Yes,she.Shebuysomefruit.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattimeyoumeet?改句子。Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancygoingtogocamping.Illgoandjointhem.（改否定）Igojointhem.Imgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）togetupat6:30tomorrow?Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）meetatthebusstopat10:30.9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool

18、.(对划线部分提问)sheafterschool?10.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。Todayisasunnyday.We(have)apicnicthisafternoon.Mybrother(go)toShanghainextweek.Tomoften(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He(go)toschoolbybike.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweeke

19、nds?Iusually(watch)TVand(catch)insects?ItsFridaytoday.Whatshe_(do)thisweekend?She(watch)TVand(catch)insects.What(d0)youdolastSunday?I(pick)applesonafarm.What(do)nextSunday?I(milk)cows.Mary(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.LiuTao(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.David(give)apuppetshownextMonday.I(plan)

20、formystudynow五、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am禾口is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot二wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=werent)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，般疑问句把was或were调到句首。句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didnt+动词原形，如：Jimdidntgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句

21、：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studi

22、ed不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式isamflyplantaredrinkplaygoma

23、kedoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawputthrowkickpassdoBe动词的过去时练习（1）NameNo.Date一、用be动词的适当形式填空Iatschooljustnow.Heatthecamplastweek.Westudentstwoyearsago.Theyonthefarmamomentago.YangLingelevenyearsoldlastyear.Thereanappleontheplateyesterday.TheresomemilkinthefridgeonSunday.Themobilephoneonthesofayesterdayev

24、ening.二、句型转换Itwasexciting.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：Allthestudentswereveryexcited.否定句一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：Theywereinhispocket.否定句一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：Be动词的过去时练习（2）NameNo.Date一、用be动词的适当形式填空IanEnglishteachernow.Shehappyyesterday.Theygladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.HelenandNancygoodfriends.Thelittledogtwoyearsoldthisyear.Look,ther

25、elotsofgrapeshere.ThereasignonthechaironMonday.TodaythesecondofJune.YesterdaythefirstofJune.ItChildrensDay.Allthe下载文档可编辑下载文档可编辑studentsveryexcited.二、句型转换Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：肯、否定回答：三、中译英1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。行为动词的过去时练习(1)NameNo.Date一、用行为动词的适当形式

26、填空He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.We(have)apartylastHalloween.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.Thegirls(sing)and(dance)attheparty.二、句型转换SuHaitooksomephotosa

27、ttheSportsday.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：Nancywenttoschoolearly.否定句一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：WesangsomeEnglishsongs.否定句般疑问句：肯、否定回答：下载文档可编辑行为动词的过去时练习(2)NameNo.Date一、用be动词的适当形式填空I(watch)acartoononSaturday.Herfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.Wetozooyesterday,wetothepark.(go)you(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?he(fly)aki

28、teonSunday?Yes,he.GaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.I(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymotherWhatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She(find)abeautifulbutterfly.二、句型转换Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：下载文档可编辑三、中译英格林先生去年住在中国昨天我们参观了农场。他刚才在找他的手机。过去时综合练习(1)NameNo.Date一、用动词的适当形式填空It(b

29、e)BensbirthdaylastFriday.Weall(have)agoodtimelastnight.He(jump)highonlastSportsDay.Helen(milk)acowonFriday.Shelikesnewspapers,butsheabookyesterday.(read)Hefootballnow,buttheybasketballjustnow.(play)Jimsmother(plant)treesjustnow.they(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,theyI(watch)acartoononMonday.We(go)toscho

30、olonSunday.二、中译英我们上周五看了一部电影。他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园你上周在哪儿?在野营基地过去时综合练习(2)NameNo.Date一、用动词的适当形式填空It(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite(go)tohisofficebycar.GaoShan(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.Dontthehouse.Mumityesterday.(clean)Whatyoujustnow?Isomehousework.(do)They(make)akiteaweekago

31、.Iwanttoapples.Butmydadallofthemlastmonth.(pick)hetheflowersthismorning?Yes,he.(water)She(be)aprettygirl.Look,she(do)Chinesedances.Thestudentsoften(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.WhatMikedoonthefarm?Hecows.(milk)二、中译英他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用

32、：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加er；以字母e结尾，加r；以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er。3不规则形容词比较级：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别（有be用形，有形用be;有动用副，有副用动）在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比

33、较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同（不规则变化：well-better,far-farther）三、练习一）、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级oldyoungtalllongshortmallfatightnicestrongthingoodhighbigsheavylbeautifullowstlatewell二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.Mybrotheristwoyears(old)thanme.earlyslowfafarTomisas(fat)asJim.Isyoursister(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.Whois(thin),youorHelen?He

34、lenis.Whosepencil-boxis(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.Maryshairisas(long)asLucys.Ben(jump)(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.Nancysing(well)thanHelen?Yes,sheFangfangisnotas(tall)astheothergirls.Myeyesare(big)than(she).Whichis(heavy),theelephantorthepig?Whogetsup(early),TimorTom?thegirlsgetup(early)thantheb

35、oys?No,they.Jimruns(slow).ButBenruns(slow).Thechilddoesnt(write)as(fast)asthestudents.三)、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。isthanJim？are2、谁比David更强壮？是GaoShan.thanDavid?GaoShan.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。pencilis,or？is,Ithink.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples,youroryour?My.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。asasyouruncle?Yes,Iam.6、他和他的朋友

36、Jim一样年轻。HeasasJim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。asastwin?No,thanhim.YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。YangLingtothanSuYangeveryday.我跳得和Mike一样远。IasasMike.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的，他和我跑得一样快。Tomthanyou?No,he.Heasas.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。moreexercise,youllsoon.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。IatScience.ButIdontwellinChinese.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。youthekitethanW

37、angbing?No,Iitthan_.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike.Allmythanme.我的姐姐起得比我早。Myupthanme.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。thegirlstheboys?Yes,they她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。ShedoesntinPE.ButIdontthan.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_youfootballthanyourclassmates?No,theyasasme.19我母亲比我父亲年纪小。Mythanmy.她的毛衣和我的一样重。sweaterasas.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。Mydress

38、too.Iwanttoaone.ImtallerthanMike.（该成用原级的比较）ImasasMike.七、Therebe句型与have,has的区别1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)2、在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用

39、：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats+介词短语？Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”Iagoodfatherandagoodmother.atelescopeonthedesk.Heatape-recorder.abasketballin

40、theplayground.Shesomedresses.Theyanicegarden.Whatdoyou?areading-roominthebuilding?WhatdoesMike?anybooksinthebookcase?Myfatherastory-book.astory-bookonthetable.anyflowersinthevase?Howmanystudentsintheclassroom?Myparentssomenicepictures.somemapsonthewall.amapoftheworldonthewall.Davidatelescope.Davidsf

41、riendssometents.manychildrenonthehill.用恰当的be动词填空1、Therealotofsweetsinthebox.2、Theresomemilkintheglass.3、Theresomepeopleunderthethebigtree.4、Thereapictureandamaponthewall.8Fill..5.16.5、Thereaboxofrubbersnearthebooks.6、Therelotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.7、Thereatinof

42、chickenbehindthefridgeyesterday.Thereourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.hasintheblankwith“have,Ianicepuppet.Heagoodfriend.Theysomemasks.Wesomeflowers.Sheaduck.Myfatheranewbike.Hermotheravase.OurteacheranEnglishbook.Ourteachersabasketball.TheirparentssomeblanketsNancymanyskirts.Davidsomejackets.Myfriendsafoot

43、ball.TOC o 1-5 h zWhatdoyou?WhatdoesMike?Whatdoyourfriends?17.WhatdoesHelen_?18.Hisbrother_abasketball.19.Hersister_anicedoll.20.MissLi_anEnglishbook.八、人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。词格性名词性我的你，你们you的，你们的your他人称代物主代词主格宾形容词Ime我mymineyou你yourshehimhishissheherit的itsts我们we我的our他（她，它）们theythem它）们的theirtheirs一.填写代词表her她hersit它ius们ours他（她，Iweyouitthemhisyourhers.用所给词的适当形式填