2022更新国家开放大学电大《高级英语阅读1》《机电控制工程基础》网络课形考网考作业合集答案

1、国家开放大学电大高级英语阅读(1)机电控制工程基础网络课形考网考作业(合集)答案高级英语阅读(1)网络课答案形考任务一(70分)Chapter 1 Exercise (分值 7 分)题目1Vocabulary skills (3 points)Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word on the right with the correct definition on the left.(0.5 points each)the bus or subwayproof of completion of courses of stu

2、dentsmoney for students from scholarships, grants, or loansformal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of studycourses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different placesthe points or grade a student gets on a test答案：l.the bus or subwaycertificates and degrees #finan

3、cial aidacademic lecturesdistance learningscorepublic transportationpoof of completion of courses of students-money for students from scholarships, grantst or loans4-formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of studycourses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in differ

4、ent places：?the points or grade a student gets on a testIL Reading Comprehension (4 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Experiencing Culture ShockA When Eliza James arrived at the University of Xian, she was excited to live in a new country, to improve her

5、 Chinese, and to experience a culture so different from her own. But soon her excitement turned to frustration as she encountered one roadblock after another. I felt like I couldn，t accomplish anything.My dorm room had no heat, I couldn，t get into the classes I wanted, and every time I asked someone

6、 for help they gave me the runaround. I felt like no one was listening to me. Eliza met with administrators, sent letters of complaint, and even contacted the consulate in Beijing, but she got nowhere. What Eliza didnt realize was that her American approach to solving problems was very different fro

7、m the Chinese one in which patience and negotiation skills are key. She soon learned how to solve problems within the cultural norms of Chinese society instead of forcing her own values onto those around her. I finally feel like I fit in and that I know what Im doing. In fact, its really fun being i

8、n a place thats so incredibly different from what I am accustomed to.B Yoshi Yamamoto is a junior at a small college outside of Boston. Although he is an honors student now, Yoshi didnt always have such an easy time studying in America. Teaching methods are very different here than they are in Japan

9、. It took me a long time to get used to learning in seminars and discussing ideas with my classmates. At first it seemed like I wasnt actually learning anything.z/ Yoshis reaction was to totally withdraw: he didnt participate in class discussion; he spent lots of time alone in his room, and he even

10、skipped class on occasion. I thought I could teach myself. Now I recognize the value of the U. S. academic system, and I am able to adapt it to my own learning style. C Both Eliza and Yoshi experienced what is called culture shock: psychological disorientation due to living in a new culture. For man

11、y international students, studying abroad can offer exposure to new cultures and an opportunity to study new fields and languages. However, it also offers the greater challenge of trying to function in a foreign culture. Studying and reading about a certain culture is poor preparation for the realit

12、y of living in it. According to psychological studies, the four stages of culture shock are 1. euphoria,hostility, 3. gradual adjustment, and 4. adaptation. Culture shock can be manifested in many ways: homesickness, boredom, stereotyping of or hostility towards the host culture, overeating or overd

13、rinking, withdrawal, and inability to work effectively.D Different people experience different levels of culture shock and react in different ways. For example, Eliza got angry while Yoshi withdrew from society. The most important thing to remember is that culture shock is normal; it is not somethin

14、g to be ashamed of. Luckily, there are some things international students can do to make their adjustment to a new country go more smoothly. For instance, they can stay in touch with family and friends from home, join international student organizations, meet people from their own countries, and get

15、 involved in campus activities. Most importantly, they can adjust to life abroad by keeping a sense of humor and trying to remain positive.Recognizing Paragraph Topics (choose the paragraph letter)题目2an explanation of culture shock选择一项：ABCD题目3ways that students can adjust to living in a new country选

16、择一项： TOC o 1-5 h z ABCD题目4the experience of an international student in the United States选择一项：ABCD题目5the experience of an international student in China选择一项：ABCDChapter 2 Exercise (分值 7 分)题目1Vocabulary Skills (2 points)Sometimes examples can explain the meaning of a word or phrase. For example, sun,

17、 rain, and wind are examples of kinds of weather. Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word or phrase in the first column with the examples in the second column. (0. 4 points each)kinds of extreme weatherEarth s natural materials and gasesdiseases or health disordersseasons of the yearna

18、tural areas or regions of the earth答案:1 .kinds of extreme weatherblizzards, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, droughts =2,Earths natural materials and gasescoal. oil. carbon, dioxide air, water#3 diseases or health disordersstroke, asmma. influenza, pneumonia, headaches #seasons of the yearWinter t spr

19、ing, summer, fall#5 natural areas or regions of the earthoceans, seas, islands, deserts, forestseIL Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B or C. (1 point each) Seasonal Affective Disorder: More than Just the BluesA Joshua dreads t

20、he winter months, not only because of the cold New England weather-the sleet, snow, wind, and rain一-but because as the seasons change from summer to fall to winter, the days get shorter. As the days get shorter, he starts feeling depressed and irritable and spends more and more time at home, eating

21、and sleeping. A graduate student in philosophy, Joshua finds that he gets little work done during the winter months and has trouble paying attention in class and concentrating on his research. I soon realized that what I thought was just the J winter blues， was something more extreme than that. Josh

22、 visited a doctor who diagnosed him with SAD.B Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a kind of depression that occurs seasonally. It is associated with the long hours of darkness and lack of sunlight during the winter months (people with SAD usually feel worse from December through February). Scie

23、ntists dont completely understand the exact causes of SAD, but they believe it is related to a biochemical imbalance in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the basic part of the brain that controls the bodys breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release. The effects of SAD include moodines

24、s, irritability, low energy, increased appetite for carbohydrates (foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread), difficulty concentrating, and the tendency to oversleep.C Although doctors described SAD for the first time in 1984, humans have probably dealt with the disorder for thousands of years. It is

25、 not a coincidence that many cultures have important celebrations during the short days of the winter months. Christmas, Hanukkah, and Winter Solstice celebrations all occur in December. These celebrations involve lighting candles in order to bring light, warmth, and happiness to an otherwise depres

26、sing time of year.D So what can SAD sufferers do to feel better? Naturally, they need more light. For people who have mild cases of SAD, exercising in the morning sun could be enough to help them. Phototherapy, or light therapy, is usually prescribed for people who have more serious cases of the dis

27、order. In light therapy, patients sit in front of a light box, a strong artificial light, for up to four hours a day. Phototherapy is effective in over 80% of SAD cases, and patients usually see results within three to four days. Although the symptoms of SAD are similar to those of clinical depressi

28、on, traditional antidepressants have not proven useful in treating SAD. While psychological counseling cannot treat the symptoms of SAD, it is recommended to help SAD sufferers learn to accept and deal with their illness.题目2Joshua starts feeling depressed and irritable in the winter because选择一项：he g

29、ets little work donehe suffers from Seasonal Affective Disorderhe is a graduate student in philosophy题目3Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a condition that researchers believe affects people during the winter months. Scientists believe it is caused by选择一项：breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and h

30、ormone releasemoodiness, irritability, loss of energy, increased appetite, difficulty concentrating, and sleepinesslack of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain题目4Humans have probably struggled with SAD since选择一项：ancient timesDecember1984题目5People who suffer from SAD canto feel better.选择

31、一项：do light therapytake antidepressant drugseat carbohydrates题目6This passage talks about.选择一项：what the SAD effects areBoth A and B.how to help SAD suffersChapter 3 Exercise (分值 7 分)Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Fast food can

32、be good foodMany people are too busy to prepare and eat three nutritious meals a day. so they turn to the convenience of fast-food restaurants. Many of the items at fast-food restaurants, snack bars, and food stands are fattening and not very nutritious. But fast food doesn t have to be unhealthy, y

33、ou can eat at fast-food restaurants and still eat well.Pay Attention to Calories and Fat ContentBy paying attention to the number of calories and fat that a food item has , you can make smarter choices. Calories are “units for measuring how much energy a food will producev . condsider two fast-food

34、meals. A quarter-pound hamburger with cheese, jumbo-size fries, and a 16-ounce soda have a total of 1, 535 calories and 76 grams of fat a broiled (cooked under direct heat or over a flame )chicken sandwich , a side salad with low-fat dressing, and a glass of water at the same fast-food restaurant ha

35、ve only 422 calories and 7 grams of fat . but maybe you really want a hamburger and fries . well, you can have a small hamburger, a small serving of fries, and a glass of water. At a total of 490 calories and 20 grams of fat, that s still a much smarter choice than the large burger , fries, and 20 g

36、rams of fat , that s still a much smarter choice than the large burger, fries, andsada.There s More That You Can DoThere are a few additional things you can do to make sure you eat well in fast food restaurants. First of all, say “no” when the cashier asks you if you want to supersize” you meal (ord

37、er an extra large portion of each item). Second, ask for no mayonnaise or sauce, or ask for it on the side (in a separate dish). Third, substitute(use something instead of something else)healthy foods for fatty ones. For example, instead of ordering deep-fried tempura, order fresh vegetables. Instea

38、d of ordering a beef burrito with lots of cheese and sour cream, order a vegetable burrito with beans and rice, and don t eat the chips!Another thing you can do is order a side salad or a vegetable soup and eat it first. Thatway, you will eat some vegetables, and you won t be able to eat as much of

39、your burger and fries. Fnally, eat slowly and stop eating when you re full. It sounds simple, but many people keep eating even after they become full. 题目11. What is the main idea of this article ?选择一项：It s smart to eat foods with low calories and fat content.Fast food is always bad for you .You can

40、eat well in fast-food restaurantFast-food restaurants are the best the place to find healthy foods .题目2A small hamburger and small firies has 选择一项：more calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad.the same amount of calories and fat as a chicken sandwich and a salad.fewer calories and fat th

41、an a chicken sandwich and a salad.the same amount of calories and fat as a large portion of fries.题目3Some things you can do to eat well in fast-food restaurants are选择一项：ask for eatramanyonnaise and sauce and say no to “surpersizing” .order a vegetable burrito instead of chips and eat sour cream .ord

42、er smaller portions and eat all the food you order.order healthy foods instead of fatty ones and drink water.题目4Manyonnaise and sauces probably选择一项：makeyou eat lessbecause they makeyou feel fullsooner.makeyou eat morebecause they makeyour food tastebetter.C-havea lot of fatand calories.dont have a l

43、otof fat and calories.题目5By eating a salad or soup before the rest of your meal,选择一项：you eat less of the rest of your meal.you eat more slowly.you get full sooner.you eat the rest of your meal more quickly.IL Vocabulary skills (2 points)Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word fro

44、m the box. (0. 4 points each)题目6题目6globalavailablechanges damaging losingThe growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are 6 damaging health in the industrialized island country of Japan. I

45、nstead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products, and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dish full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such 7 changes in eating habits are re

46、lated to a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes. On the other hand, the changing 8 global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the CzechRepublic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy products financi

47、ally, so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely 9 available from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating healthier home-cooked meals. For these reasons, fewer Czech men are ha

48、ving heart attacks, the women are 10 losing a lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives.Chapter 4 Exercise (分值 7 分Vocabulary Skills (2 points)题目1Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (0. 4 points each)make sensepedestriansvehicleteenagerfine

49、1 make sense2.pedestrians3 vehicle4 .teenager5.fine答案:to be reasonable or necessarypeople traveling on foot, walkingsomething like a car or truck used to transport peoplea person over 12 and under 2Q years oldmoney to be paid as a punishmentIL Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following s

50、tatements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each)These days, it s getting easier and easier to find your way around. Some people have GPS devices in theircars to make sure they don t get lost. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. These devices use satellites in space

51、 to see” where you are and give you directions to where you want to go. And if you don t have a GPS device, you can simply go online to get step-by-step directions. Websites like MapQ and mappoint, msn. com can produce a map and directions in just a few seconds. But how do they do it?MapQuest uses d

52、ata (information) from a few different sources to produce directions and maps. Before MapQuest went online, it sold regular paper maps in places like gas stations. The website uses the data from those paper maps, information from digital mapping companies, and government databases. At the moment, Ma

53、pQuest uses more than 30 computers to read all this data and provides users with millions of maps every day.In order to find the best route (way or path) from one place to another, MapQuest first has to look at all possible routes. Then MapQuest looks at each part of each possible route. It consider

54、s the types of roads on the different routes. Are they dirt roads, paved roads, freeways, or city streets? It looks at how many turns there are in each route and what kinds of turns they are. Are they right turns or left turns? It also considers the speed limit on each road and how many intersection

55、s there are. An intersection is a place where two or more roads cross each otherv .MapQuest can also tell you how long your trip will take you. It does this by doing some math. MapQuest bases its estimated driving times on the length and speed limit of each part of the route and the amount of time i

56、t probably takes to get through each intersection. For example, it allows more time for a left turn at an intersection than it does for a right turn. Someday, maybe we will have cars that can just driveus wherever we want to go, but for now, mapping websites make it a little harder to get lost. 题目26

57、. What is the main ideaof this article?选择一项:A.Why mapping websitesdon t work well.B.Why mapping websitesare better than paper maps.C.How mapping websiteswork.D.How the first mapping website started.题目3According to the article, MapQuest选择一项：started as maker of government databases.started as an Inter

58、net company.uses millions of computers to read data.starting by selling paper maps.题目4When you search for directions, the first thing MapQuest does is选择一项：consider how many turns you want to take.print out a map and directions.estimate driving time.look at all possible paths.题目5When it s deciding on

59、 the best route, MapQuest probably chooses 选择一项：the route with the most turns.dirt roads instead of paved roads.freeways instead of dirt roads.city streets instead of freeways.题目6To estimate your driving time, MapQuest considers 选择一项：the distance between turns on your route.the speed limit for half

60、of the route.the fastest and slowest speed limits on your route.the speed limits and types of turns on your route.Chapter 5 Exercise (分值 7 分)I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the five main-idea questions that follow about the information in the reading. Three details correctlyanswer each quest