新概念英语第三册Lesson 22 By heart 课件

1、Lesson 22 By heartrun （ran，run）v.(戏剧，电影等）连演，连映-The film is so successful that it runs for several weeks.“上映”:Preview 试映首映premiere / screen debutRelease 准予上映 Public 公映V.运转-I cant make this machine run properly.V.经营，运营-He has no idea of how to run a business.Vi.竞选-It was only last February that he ann

2、ounced he would run for president.v. 奔跑；跑步；参加（赛跑）；举行（比赛）；管理，经营；（使）运转，（使）运行；开设（服务、课程等）；（使）（磁带或录像带）播放，放映；流动，流淌；n. 跑步，赛跑；旅程，航程； 一段（幸运或倒霉的）时光，一系列（成功或失败）；连续上演（或放映）；尝试，努力；额定产量；抛售（美元、英镑等）；争购，抢购；run away 逃跑；失控run out 用完；耗尽；跑出；到期；伸向run out of 用完in the long run 长远；终究run into 遭遇，陷入；撞上，撞到；偶然遇见-All rivers run in

3、to sea.-海纳百川。-Two dogs strive for a bone，and a third runs away with it.-鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。lines n. （剧本中的）台词剧本（film）script/drama 台词 part对白dialogue monologue 独白旁白 voice-over line up排队-The football fans lined up for tickets.Drop sb. a line 给某人写信-Please drop me a line as soon as possible.falter v.支吾，结巴说Falter o

4、ut 结巴的说出-他结结巴巴说出几个字来。-He faltered out a few words.Stammer v.结巴-He always stammered when he met her.Falter v.蹒跚而行，摇摆（=stagger)-He faltered home.cast v. (cast,cast) 选派.扮演角色-The actress was cast vt.扔，抛，掷-The boy cast a stone into the water.cast a ballot 投票-The die is cast.(die=dice 骰子)-木已成舟。-Cast pearl

5、s before swine .-对牛弹琴。vt.铸造-这个塑像是用青铜铸成的。-The statue was cast in bronze.铸铁 cast iron 铸钢 cast steelrolen. （演员的）角色；作用，职责Hes a natural for the role. Money in his life.leading role 主导作用；主导地位剧中的角色 part/role 男/女主角 hero/heroine=lead heroin 配角 supporting role替身演员 stand-in 特技替身演员 stunt man群众演员walk-on 临时演员extr

6、a 跑龙套 util 配音演员dubber aristocrat n.贵族（=noble）-My father was a born aristocrat.贵族头衔（五爵）imprison v.关押 （=put sb. in prison)-He was imprisoned for 10 years.imprisonment n.判某人终生监禁 sentence sb. to life imprisonmentprison n.监狱put sb. in prison/send sb. to prison/throw sb. into prison in prison 坐牢（注意：不加the）

7、-He is in prison/jail/gaol.=He is behind bars.-他在铁窗之后。gaoler n. 监狱长，看守Gaol n.监狱同：（=prison=jail）（gaol和jail发音同）Gaol bird 犯人colleague n.同事（=companion）（混：college）-我的同事已经戒掉了吸烟的习惯。-My colleague has broken off the habit of smoking.Curtain n.(舞台上的）幕布；窗帘Glass curtain wall 玻璃幕墙 水幕 Water curtain Behind the cur

8、tain adv. 幕后，秘密vt.给.挂上帘子-I have enough material to curtain all the windows.vt.用帘子(或帷幔)隔开(常与off连用)-部分卧室已用帷幔隔开。-Part of the bedroom has been curtained off. reveal v.使显露，揭露-The secret hasnt been revealed.vt.把.露出来-The curtain was up and revealed the beautiful scenery.同：disclose vt.揭发揭发事实 disclose the tr

9、uthcell n.1）单人监房，监号-Do you recall is there one prisoner in this cell?2）n.电池fuel cell 燃料电池 cell phone 3）n.细胞干细胞 stem cell blank adj.空白的交白卷 hand in a blank examination papern.空白draw a blank 脑袋一片空白，不记得-Im sorry I probably draw a blank.Blankly adv.无表情地，茫然地-他面无表情的盯着她。-She stared at him blankly.squint v.眯

10、着(眼）看，瞄Squint ones eyes 眯着眼睛-She squinted her eyes and looked at the letter.同：Peer at 眯着眼睛看（pear梨）dim adj.昏暗的-The room is too dim to read the letter.微光 dim light dim gray 暗灰色同：gloomy adj.黑暗的；阴郁的-The weather is gloomy today。-He is in gloomy mood.sire n.(古用法）陛下Majesty n.威严，最高权威，王权Your majesty 陛下her ma

11、jesty 女王陛下 his majesty 陛下-请喝茶，陛下。-Here is your tea, your majesty.Your Highness 殿下/阁下 Your Honour Your Excellency Vt.生产，创作 sire novelproceed v.继续进行（停顿之后的继续）Proceed to/with 继续进行某事-Lets proceed to business.-You must proceed with your work.Proceed from.从.着手开始继续-They proceed from lesson one.Proceed again

12、st sb.起诉某人-He decided to proceed against his neighbour.Text：（L1）Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end. In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night. （L1）各种“play ”戏剧drama/ stage 歌剧opera 京剧 Beijing Oper

13、amusical音乐剧mummery 哑剧 （mummy 木乃伊）farce 滑稽剧 show 木偶剧endn. 最后部分，末尾；结束，结局；端点；目的；剩余物，残余；过世；部分，方面；半边球场；城区；边锋v. 结束，终止the end of 的最后in the end 终于，最at the end 最终，最后；在终点at the end of 在尽头；在结束时by the end of 到结束时；到时为止；在之前by the end 到末尾；到为止end up 结束；死亡from beginning to end 自始至终to an end 结束come to an end v. 结束put

14、 an end to 结束；终wayn. 方法，手段；习俗，习惯，行为方式（ways）；（行事）作风，（某事发生的）方式；道路，路线；方向；路（用于道路的名称）；出入通道，门口；距离，时段；方面；可能作出的决定；情况，状态；（某人居住的）地区，地方；（分成的）部分（ways）； 前进，进程；职业，行当；（船）航行，动力；（船下水用的）船台，滑道（ways）adv. 大大地，远远地；非常，很adj. 途中的give way 让路快车先行让步倒塌by way of 经过通过取道on the way 在途中在路上踏上旅途从某种程度上来说in the way 妨碍；挡道on the way adj.

15、在途中by the way 顺便说说，顺便问一下；在途中in this way 这样；用这种方法wayunfortunateadj. 不幸的；令人遗憾的；不成功的fortunate adj. 幸运的；带来幸运的，吉利的；富足的；侥幸的fortunately adv. 幸运地（L3）One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter. Yet this is not always the case. expect v. 期待；预计；要求，指望；认为 expect to do sth b

16、y heart 凭记性牢记熟记凭记忆heart n. 心，心脏；内心，感情；胸前；重点，核心；中心，中央；信心，勇气；（表示爱的）心形物；红桃牌，红心牌；菜心；同情，怜悯；爱情，情爱；（土地的）肥力v. 喜爱，深爱When facing difficulties, dont lose heart.lose ones heart to 心被俘去爱上倾心于钟情于put ones heart and soul into 全心全意投身于（L5）Yet this is not always the case.总结上下文、合理起承转合的6大写作手法：1）（Lesson7，L9）a case concern

17、s sb. 一个案例和某人有关2）(Lesson4,L7) as it did in the case of sb. 某人就是一个很好的例子3）（Lesson 30，L10）This was indeed the case. 情况确实如此4）（Lesson 22，L5）Yet this is not always the case.然而情况并非如此。5）（Lesson12，L7）there is an element of truth in both these pictures这两种说法里面都有可信之处6）（Lesson9，L7）there is a good deal of truth i

18、n this idea.这种说法里包含着许多的真实性。（L6）A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years. （L7）扮演角色，起作用Play a part / role in/Be in the role ofHave a role inCast a role of-His parents have played a great role in his s

19、uccess.（L7）In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full. insist1. Although she didnt know the best way

20、 of getting to places, she insisted that she （should） orginize the trip properly.2. She insisted that she had not broken the glass.3.John insisted on/upon finishing the task by himself.insist v 坚持，坚持说，坚持认为insist+that+主语+（should）+do；如果坚持说一个事实时不用虚拟语气翻译下列句子1.他坚持先完成作业2.他坚持认为自己做对了。3.My father insisted (s

21、tay)in this hotel any longer.接that 用虚拟语气的词一个坚持：insist两个命令：order，command三个建议：advise， suggest，propose四个要求：demand，require，request， askHermione：我建议你们换上长袍-I suggest you should change into robes.-(L9)Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it shou

22、ld be written out in full.（坚持要求）-他命令所有的书必须马上送过来。-He ordered that all the books be sent at once.-He ordered that all the books should be sent at once.注：只有当这些词表建议、命令等时才用虚拟。-The smile on his face suggested that he was very satisfied.(作“表明”，不用虚拟)(L10) One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his

23、colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart. (L11) The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell. Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in

24、 his hands. He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat. (L13) But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual. It was simply a blank sheet of paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow-actor had at last learnt his lines. The noble stared

25、at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. (L16) Then, squinting his eyes, he said: The light is dim. Read the letter to me. And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler. (L17) Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: The light is indeed dim,

26、 sire. I must get my glasses. With this, he hurried off the stage. 虚拟语气结集号The Bssembly of English Subjunctive Mood 让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱听歌学虚拟 If you were the only girl in the worldand I were the only boy!Nothing else would matter in the world todaywe could go on loving in the same old way!A garden of

27、Eden just made for twowith nothing to mar our joyI would say such wonderful things to youthere would be such wonderful things to doIf you were the only girl in the worldand I were the only boy!(byClifford Grey)一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气虚拟语气的主要内容让所

28、有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱！1.何为语气？ 语气表示说话人对事物所持的态度,它的语法特征以动词形式表现出来。1）陈述语气 She is very clever.2）祈使语气 Dont be late for the meeting.3）虚拟语气（表示假设的情况、主观愿望等。） If there were no gravity, we would not be able to walk.让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱！2. 真实条件句：真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生。 时态关系句型： 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形If she come

29、s, she will bring her violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained注意： 在真实条件句中，主句不用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。3. 非真

30、实（虚拟）条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。句型 ： 条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you.让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱时态从 句主 句表示现在过去时(be-were)should+动词原形would +动词原形could +动词原形might +动词原形1.和现在的事实相反一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气3. 非真实（虚拟）条件句b.表示与过去事实相反的假设。句型： 条件从句 主句过去完成时 should(would)

31、 have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. 让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：H

32、e did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱时态从 句主 句表示过去 had +过去分词should+have+过去分词would +have+过去分词could +ha

33、ve+过去分词might +have+过去分词2.和过去的事实相反c.表示对将来的假想句型： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱时态从 句主 句表示将来 shou

34、ld+动词原形would +动词原形could +动词原形might +动词原形3.和将来的事实相反1)were to+动词原形2)should+动词原形3)动词过去式条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词should/would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式： 让所有的花

35、儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱规律总结:从句都往过去推一个时态，如:与现在相反的if从句就用过去时;与过去相反用过去完成时(即过去的过去)特别说明1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后;would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较:If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might

36、表可能)If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿 望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you. I wish that I had a plane. 2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done I wish I had been to the concer

37、t last night. I wish you had written to him. 3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+do I wish he would forgive me. did/were(现在) S+wish+that+S+ had done(过去) would/could+do (将来)wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较:(1) We hope they will come. (We dont know if the

38、y can come.)(2) We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。 常见的动词有:建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend倡议advocate命令order, command请求ask, demand, require, request提议move, vote指示direct 督促urge 希望 desire坚持insist 打算intend 安排 a

39、rrange 喜好prefer注意: suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气:Heinsistedthat I had readhis letter. Heinsistedthat Ishould readhis letter. The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once. He ordered that it(should) be sent back. He urged that they go to Europe. 。 He requires that I(should) a

40、ppear. I move that we accept the proposal. He arranged that I should go abroad. She desires that he do it. The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 特殊宾语从句中的虚拟语气Would you mind if +S did sth? eg. Would you mind if I smoked here? l would rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去。 在would rather, would s

41、ooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示宁愿做什么 ，具体用法为:一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望 Id rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。用过去完成时表过去的愿望 Id rather you hadnt said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱考题点击：1.I went to bed early last night,but I wish I so.A. didnt do B. hadnt done C.havent done D. c

42、ouldnt do 2.How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A.has B.had C.will had D.had had 3. The teacher ordered that students_. A. mustnt smoke B. not smoke C. smoked D. had smoked4.The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. finish C. should finish D. be

43、finished BBBD考题点击：I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent D.

44、were, would have prevented3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, askBAC三、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型： 1. It be+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+过去分词：desired, suggested, requested, decided, reported, proposed, ordered, recommended, It is required that n

45、obody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱2. It be+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+形容词: incredible, surprising, necessary，important，strange，natural， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impos

46、sible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, urgent, vital etcIt is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient.让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱3. It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+动词原形+（以上两种主语从句，should意为“应该”，“竟然表示惊奇，

47、惋惜，遗憾，重要”等作用。）（以上二三两种主语从句，表示惊奇，惋惜，遗憾，重要等作用。should意为“应该”，“竟然”）四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在 advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）

48、+动词原形。My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.1)表语从句:2)同位语从句:I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.考题点击：Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D.

49、 has told3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowedDBB考题点击：His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.help D.h

50、ad helped3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sentACA五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 I1.用在由as if,as though引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用would + 动词原形。It seems as if the man were his brother.This device operated as though it had

51、 been repaired.He acts as if he knew me. They treat me as though I were a stranger. He talks as if he had been abroad. 注:两点说明(1) 从句内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气:It looks as if well be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。(2) 注意It isnt as if的翻译:It isnt as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 II2.用在lest, for fear that和in ca

52、se引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词原形。She walked quietly lest she(should)wake up her roommates.She closed the windows lest she catch cold.考题点击：1. We felt as if we _ each other for years.A.knew B.were knowingC.had known D.have knowing2. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _. A. may explore B.e

53、xploded C. explode D.had explodeCC六、几种特殊的虚拟语气虚拟倒装句 1.Were it (=If it were) not for their help,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.2.Had I (=If I had) known about it,I would have told you.3.Should anyone (=If anyone should )call,please take a message.What would have happened, _ as far as the ri

54、ver bank? Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked fartherC考题点击：虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlie

55、r, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. Were I a boy, I would join the army.注意:若省

56、略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如:我们可以说:Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能说:Werent it for the expense, I would go abroad now.让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱2) 错综条件句If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. asked would knowB. had asked would have knownC. asked him knowD. had asked would kno

57、wDIf you hadnt bought the ticket last week, how would you go now? 考题点击：混合型虚拟语气错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整:If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时

58、听我的话，你现在就会好多了。If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)3) 介词短语表条件 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for。如:What would you do with a million dollars? ( = if you had a million dollars)We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. ( = if we hadnt got y

59、our help)But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded.Nothing could live without the sun.考题点击：Without your help, we _ such rapid progress.A. couldnt make B. wouldnt makeC. will not have made D. wouldnt have madeDIf虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句) 常考两个句型:If it werent for和If it hadnt been for，其意为若不是(有) 要不是。如:If it wer

60、ent for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。If it hadnt been for your assistance ，we wouldnt have succeeded.=But for your assistance ，we wouldnt have succeeded.=Without your assistance ，we wouldnt have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。4）情境中提供虚拟语气含蓄型虚拟语气: 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。用