2022年会计学原理英文名词解释

1、学习好资料 欢迎下载 会计学原理 名词说明 1. Accounting: is an information and measurement system that identifies records and communicates relevant reliable and comparable information about an organization bussinessactivities.P2 2. Managerial accounting: isthe area of accounting that serves the decision-marking needs o

2、f internal users.P4 3. Events: refer to happenings that affect an entity acscountingequation and can be reliably measured.P11 4. External use:r of accounting information are not directly involved in running the organization.P3 5. Internal user: of accounting information are those directly efficiency

3、 and effectiveness of an organization.P4 6. Ethics: are beliefs that distinguish right from wrong. They are accepted standards of good and bad behavior.P5 7. Cost principl:emeans that accounting information is based on actual cost.P7 8. Revenue recognition principle: provides guidance on when a comp

4、any must recognize revenue.P7 9. Matching principle: prescribes that a company must records its expenses incurred to generate the revenue reported.P7 10. Going-concerningassumption: means that accounting information 第 1 页,共 6 页学习好资料 欢迎下载 reflects a presumption that the business will continue operati

5、ng instead of being closed or sold.P7 11.Audit: throughreview of anorganizations accountingrecordsand accounting reports and return make by the analysis. 12. Net income: amount a business earns after paying all expenses and costs associated with its sales and revenues.P15 13. Income statement: descr

6、ibes a companyrsevenues and expenses along with the resulting net income or loss over a period time due to earnings activities.P14 14.Statement of owneresquity: explainschangesinequity from net income or loss and from any owner investments and withdrawals over a period of time.P14 15. Balance shee:t

7、 describes a company s financial position types and amounts of assets liabilities and equity at a point in time.P15 16.Statement of cash flows: identifiescashinflowsreceiptsandcash outflows payments over a period of time.P15 17. Owner swithdrawals account: the account used to record the transfers of

8、 assets from a business to its owner. P31 18. Liabilities: is what a company owes its no owners creditors in future payments, products, or services.P10 19. Accounting equatio:nAssets=Liabilities + Equity.P10 20. Accrued expens:erefer to costs that are incurred in a period but are 第 2 页,共 6 页学习好资料 欢迎

9、下载 both unpaid and unrecorded.P66 21. Operating cycl:e is the time span from when cash is used to acquire goods and services until cash is received from the sale of goods and services. P96 22.Shareholders investor:sa re the owners of acorporation. P3 23.Current radio: aratioused to helpevaluateacomp

10、anys ability to pay its debts in the near future. 24. Merchandise inventor:yrefers to products that a company owns and intends to sell.P113 25.Cash discoun: treductioninareceivableorpayable if it ispaidwithin the discount period. sellers can grant a cash discount to discourage buyers to pay earlierP

11、137 26.Gross profi:talsocalledGross marginw, hichequals net sales cost of goods sold.P137 27. Credit period: the amount of time allowed before full payment is due.P137 28.Acid-test ratio: aratioused to assets acompanys ability to pay its current liabilities; defined by current liabilities. 29. Selli

12、ng expense: include the expenses of promoting sales by displaying and advertising merchandise, making sales, and delivering goods to customers.P124 30.General and administrative expense: supportacompanyosverall第 3 页,共 6 页学习好资料 欢迎下载 operations and include expenses related to accounting, human resourc

13、e management, and financial management.P124 31. Time period assumptio:npresumes that the life of a company can be divided into time periods, such as months and years, and that useful reports can be prepared for those periods.P7 32. Account receivabl:eare held by a seller and decreased by customers t

14、o sellers.P29 33. Prepaid account also called prepaid expenses: are assets that represent prepayments of future expenses not current expenses. P29 34. Unearnedrevenue: refers to a liability that is settled in the future when a company delivers its products or services.P30 35. Accrued liabilitie:sis

15、the company s debt owed. For example, salaries payable, taxes payable, and interest payable and so on.P31 36. Purchase discoun:tpurchaserdesscription of a cash discount received from a supplier of goods.P137 37.Sales discoun:t sellerdesscription of a cash discount granted to buyers in return for ear

16、ly payment.P137 38. Trade discoun:treduction below list or catalog price hat is negotiated in setting the price of goods.P137 39. FOB shipping pointFOB factory: means the buyer accepts ownership when the goods depart the sellerplsaceof 第 4 页,共 6 页学习好资料 欢迎下载 business.P117 40. FOBdestination: means ow

17、nership of goods transfers to the buyer when the goods arrive at the buyer s place of business. P117 41. Credit terms: for a purchase include the amounts and timing of payments from a buy to a seller.P114 42. Current asset:sare cash and other resources that are expected to be sold, collect, or used

18、within oneyearor the companyosperatingcycle, whichever is longer.P97 43.Plant assets: refers to long-termtangible assets used to produceand sell products and services.P98 44.Long-terminvestment: notesreceivableand investments in stocks and bonds are long-term assets when they are expected to be held for more than the longer of one year or the operating cycle.P98 45.Intangible assets: are long-term resources that benefit business ope