2012考研英语预测试题(2)【海天版】

1、2012考研英语预测试题(2)【海天版】SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Duringthe1980s,unemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot1enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwereno

2、t.Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationssolutions.,problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.TOC o 1-5 h zIndustryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery5.Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocesses,andhighly6workersareneededto

3、7andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained,8manynationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thus,the9ofimportingindustrybecomeshigher.Studentsmustbesentabroadto10vocationalandprofessionaltraining.11.justtobegintraining,thestudentsmust12learnEnglish,French,German,orJapanese.Thestudentsthen

4、spendmanyyearsabroad,and13donotreturnhome.Allnationsagreethatscienceandtechnology14beshared.Thepointis:countries15theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationsneedtolookcare-fully16thecosts,becausemanyofthesecostsare17.Studentsfromthesenationsshould18theproblemsoftheindustrializedcountriesclosely.19ca

5、re,theywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology,20thebenefits.1.AgenerateBraiseCproductDmanufacture2.AansweredBmetCcalculatedDremembered3.AforBwithoutCasDabout4.AMoreoverBThereforeCAnywayDHowever5.AexpensiveBmechanicalCflourishingDcomplicated6.AgiftedBskilledCtrainedDversatile7.AkeepBmaintai

6、nCretainDprotect8.AsinceBsoCandDyet9.AchargeBpriceCcostDvalue10.AacceptBgainCreceiveDabsorb11.AFrequentlyBIncidentallyCDeliberatelyDEventually12.AsoonBquicklyCimmediatelyDfirst13.AsomeBothersCseveralDfew14.AmightBshouldCwouldDwill15.AadoptingBconductingCreceivingDadjusting16.AtoBatConDabout17.Aopaqu

7、eBsecretCsealedDhidden18.AtackleBlearnCstudyDmanipulate19.AInBThroughCWithDUnder20.AexceptBnorCorDbutSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Everyyeararoundthistimethemiddle

8、kingdomundergoesaprofoundtransformationasmillionsmigratebacktotheirfamilyhomestoreunitewithlovedonesforthestartoftheChineseNewYearinwhatissurelytheworldsgreatestnon-disasterexodus.Chinasrailwaysministryforecasttheywouldcarry178.6millionpassengersduringthetravelrushfromJanuary23toMarch2.Likeantstohon

9、eythepopulationfeedsandthrivesonthisdevotiontothefamily,whichisatthecoreofChineseNewYearcelebrations.ItunderpinsandfeedsChinaschargeintothe21stcentury.Undeniablyitisasourceofsustenanceandfiberthatmanywesternnationslackandaregrapplingtocometogripswith.BehindtheglitzandgloryoftheupcomingOlympicsChinas

10、tillhasmillionsofworkersslavingaway,savingtheirsalariestosendbacktolovedoneswhoarestrugglinginthevillageorlessprosperousruralareas.Fortheseworkerswhohavebeenbuildingthephysicalinfrastructureforthenationtheyhavebeenlookingforwardtotheupcomingweekswithapainedlonging.Universitystudentsaroundthecountryh

11、avealsobeenobsessingontheChineseNewYearaftersloggingawayformonthsandtheytooareconvergingontrainstationsenmassetotravel,oftenseveralthousandsofkilometers,backtotheirhometowns.Forthesetwogroups,studentsandmigrantworker,whoarelesswealthy,itusuallymeansfirstliningup,oftenforhoursbeforeticketingboothsope

12、n.Mostwillbecontentjusttobeabletostand,evenadayandahalf,aslongastheygethometobewiththeirfamily.Youwillseethemsleepingundertrainseats,amongpumpkinseedsandemptynoodlebowls,whileothersevensnorestandingorlockthemselvesawayinsidefetidlavatoriesjusttryingtostealafewmomentspeaceawayfromthecrowdedcarriageco

13、nditions.ThoughamidallthishardshipandbotherthedesiretositaroundthecirculartableandsharedinnerwithfamilyonChineseNewYearEveerasesanybuiltupresentment.ItisthiscommitmentandsacrificetothefamilyinstitutionthatmanywesternersadmireandenvyabouttheChinese.Askanysocialworker,psychologist,communityleader,poli

14、ceorprisonofficerandtheywillremindyouthatattheheartofagoodmemberofsocietytherewillusuallybefoundasolidcharacternurturedbyalovingsupportnetwork.DefinitelythebestthingmanywillbedoinghereinChinaisgoinghomeoverthenextfewweekstoseetheirfamilies,nomatterwhatittakestogetthere-push,shove,bribe一whatever.This

15、foodforthesoulisattheheartoftheworldsgreatestexodusanditisafuelthatsustains,regulatesandrevitalizesapeoplethatarenowmorethaneverchangingtheworldlandscape.1，ThefollowingstatementsfromthePara2,andPara3areallmentionedexcept:,Chinesepeople,includingmigrantworkersandstudents,valueSpringFestivalverymuch.,

16、themigrantworkers,studentsboundingforhomeexperiencedbitterjourney.,Chinaisstilladevelopingcountrywithagreatamountofpoverty-strickenareas.,trainservicehasbeenterribleandtraincompartmentsarealwaysdirtyandfetid.fromthepassage,wecandrawthattheauthorsattitudetowardsChinesespringfestivaltravelrushhour,is:

17、,regardless.,appreciative,subjective,objective.whatisthebesttitleforthispassage:,Longingforgoinghome.,theworldsgreatexodus.,bitterexperienceofgoinghome.,migrantworkerandstudent.fromthewholepassage,wecanconcludethat:,allthemigrantworkerandstudentwillgohomeduringtheSpringFestival.,studentsarelesstoler

18、antofterribleatmosphereincompartmentthanmigrantworker.,thejourneytoilanddiscomfortwillbegreatlyeasedaftersuccessfullyarrivingathome.,nostalgiaistheexceptionalanduniquephenomenoninChina.thepassageproperlyisexcerptedfrom:,commentary.,novel.,textbook.,anecdotage.Text2MODERNeconomiesarenotbuiltwithcapit

19、alorlaborasmuchasbyideas.NearlyhalfAmericasgrossdomesticproductisbasedonintellectualproperty,oneestimatefound.Japanhascalledthehusbandingofsuchpropertyanationalpriority.AraftofUnitedNationsagencies,coveringhealthordevelopmentortrade,aresquabblingoverhowbesttoenforcepatentsandcopyrightswhilealsopromo

20、tinginnovation.ThelatestcontributiontothisfeverishdebateisareportreleasedthisweekbyBritainsTreasury,calledtheGowersReviewofIntellectualProperty.Itfollowsayear-longstudyledbyAndrewGowers,anex-editoroftheFinancialTimes.Itsaimwastotakearational,evidence-basedviewofintellectualpropertyandwaystosafeguard

21、it.Tothedismayofsomeandthedelightofothers,itcallsforabalancebetweentheinterestsofcreatorsandthepublic.Thisideaofbalancewillangertheentertainmentindustry,whichhastriedtowinoverpoliticianswithsomesirensongs.Forexample,themusiccompanyEMIenlistedageingcroonerstobackitscampaignforthelengthofcopyrightfors

22、oundrecordingsinEuropetobeextendedfrom50to95years,followingAmericaslead.Thestudyrejectsthis.Itwantsmuchfirmerenforcementoftherules,butalsosayscopyingmaterialforprivateuseshouldbemadeeasier.Thereporturgesareformofthepatentsystem.Goingtocourttoupholdapatentcostsacompanyaminimumof$1.5m;thatmayobligeinn

23、ocentfirmstopaytosettleandpreventsinfringedpartiesfromseekingredress.Asystemtoprotectintellectualpropertyismeaninglessifonlytherichcanuse(orabuse)it.Thestudyprovidedachanceforallsidesinthedebatetolayouttheircasessoitisaffectingtheclimateofopinionallovertheworld.InAustraliathisweek,aCopyrightAmendmen

24、tBillpassedbothhousesofparliament,butonlyaftersomedraconianfeatureslikestifffinesforunintentionalinfringementwereremovedatthelastminute.Inmanyplacesthereisaproblemoverintellectualpropertybecauseofanimbalanceofpowerbetweencopyrightandpatentholdersontheonehand,andthepublicontheother.Thenewreview,bysif

25、tingevidenceratherthantakingthelobbyistsguinea,seemstohavepushedtheglobaldebateforward.allthestatementsareincludedintheparagraph1,except:,bothAmericaandJapanattachimportancetointellectualproperty.,ideasarenotasimportantascapitalandlaborinmoderneconomies.,protectingpatensandpromotinginnovationhasbeen

26、thehottopicinUS.,balancebetweentheinterestsofdifferentpartiesisthekeytoprotectpatent.fromtheparagraph2,theentertainmentindustrywantsto:,wintheelectioncampaign.,composesomesirensongs.,getextendedmusiccopyright.,enforcethecopyrightrules.thekeyconcernbehindtheintellectualpropertyliesin:,theflimsygovern

27、anceoverintellectualproperty.,peoplesindifferencetowardcopyrightprotection.,thefragmentedintellectualpropertysystem.,imbalancedinterestsdistributioninstitution.fromthewholepassage,wecandraw:,stifffinesorpunishmentforintellectualpropertyinfringementisfeasible.,intellectualpropertyprotectioncontribute

28、smosttoAmericasGDPgrowth.,promotinginnovationandprotectingcopyrightisanunavoidablecontradiction.,thecontroversybetweenalltheconcernedpartieswillcontinueasalways.theauthorstoneofnarratingintellectualpropertyprotectionis:,biased,subjective.,candid.,slanted.Text3MyfriendXiaoWangshouldhavescoreda40,000-

29、yuan($5,256)amonthjobasasalesdirectoratatopUScompany.InsteadhebecameyetanothervictimofEastmeetsWestcultureclash.TheAmericancompanywasamajorinternationalplayerandwashuntingforatopsalesmanagerwhocouldfireupitsnewChineseoperations.Chinese-born,USeducatedXiaoWangwasmorethanqualifiedhavingworkedinAmerica

30、inthesameindustry,butlivingmostofhislifeinChina.Heknewthelocalmarketwell.Themid30sBeijingerisanaturallycharmingfellowandafterdiningwithhimafewtimesIcouldunderstandwhyhehadcarvedoutasuccessfulsalescareer.Heisagreatlistener,andalwaysgiveshisundividedattentiontowhoeverisspeaking.Hehastheknackofmakingyo

31、ufeelspecialandrarelyspeaksabouthimself.TheUSfirmflewXiaoWangtoShanghaiforthemaininterviewandthefeedbackwaspositive.XiaoWanghadonemorehurdle,afinaltelephonemeetingwiththeAsiaPacificsalesdirector,whowasbasedintheUnitedStates.Afterthehook-up,XiaoWangfeltconfident.Interestingly,theinterviewerdidnotaskm

32、anyquestions,howeverXiaoWangbelieveditwassimplyaconfirmationcall.Buthefailedtobehired.ThiswastheclassicWestmeetsEastculturaldilemmainwhichtheAggressivemeetsthePassive.IhavefoundthatmanyChinesearenotdirect.MyChinesefriendstellmethatspeakingyourmindinfrontofothersmaycausedisharmonytothegroup.Althought

33、hereareexceptionstothisrule,andtheyoungergenerationisbecomingmoreforthright,manyChinesestillbelievethatitisbettertoagreeface-to-faceandnegotiateafterwards,thanblatantlydisagreeatameeting.TheUSsalesdirectormayhavebeenexpectingatypicalgo-gettersalesguylikehimself.Hemayhavebeenexpectingthecandidatetobe

34、havelikeheoncehadinpreviousjobinterviews.Hewantedasalesmanagerwhooozedconfidence,andwaspoweredbyaggression.Hewantedsomeonewhowaswillingtoknockdowndoorsandexplainwhyhewastherightmanforthejob.XiaoWangwasnotonthesamepage.Hewaswaitingforquestionsandexpectedthemoodandpaceoftheconversationtobedictatedbyth

35、einterviewer.BodylanguageexpertAlbertMehrabianfoundthatonly7percentofcommunicationwasverbal(wordsonly)and38percentvocal(toneofvoice,inflection,andothersounds).Morethanhalfofthecommunicationprocess-55percent-wasnon-verbal,includingbodylanguage,facialexpressionsandgestures.IfonlytheAmericanbigshothade

36、njoyedahotpotwithXiaoWang,hewouldhavemettherealman,wouldhaveprobablyhiredhimandguaranteedthesuccessofhisChinaoperations.fromtheinterviewerspointofview,XiaoWangsfailuretolandthejobjustbecause:,XiaoWangisalocalinBeijinganddoesnthavetherelevantworkingexperience.,XiaoWangistooactiveandoutspokentobeaccep

37、tedbythecompany.,XiaoWangdidnothavethedriveandpassiontoleadanewbusiness.,XiaoWangdidntdisagreewithhisinterviewerfacetoface.inauthorsopinion,Chinesepeople:,cantconfidentlyexpressthemselvesatall.,arenotgoodatexpression.,expressthemselvesinadetouredway.bravelydisagreeswiththeirboss.inparagraph3,theword

38、“go-gettergenerallymeans:,Passiveanduseless.,enterprisingandcapable,tameandcompliant.,braveandradical.fromthelastsentenceofthepassage,theauthorimplies:,XiaoWangisaniceguy;theinterviewershouldhavemadefriendwithXiaoWang.,XiaoWangisanotqualifiedcandidate;theinterviewerhadmadearightdecision.,XiaoWangisa

39、nunderestimated;theinterviewermissedthechancetohirethemosteligibleguy.,XiaoWangismisread,theinterviewershouldhaveknownmorehimandChineseculture.thewholepassagetellsusallbut:,inordertoguaranteethesuccessofChineseoperation,internationalcompanyshouldattachequalimportancetotalentandculture.,besidesverbal

40、ization,non-verbal,includingbodylanguage,facialexpressionandgestureareallinvolvedincommunicationprocess.,Chinesepeoplecantbeaninternationaltalentjustbecausetheirindirectandpassivecharacter.,theculturaldifferencebetweenWestandEastshouldbetakenintoconsiderationforbothChineseandforeigner.Text4SOMETHING

41、hasgoneterriblywrongwithJapaneseeducationorsosaytheJapanese.TheyfretthatJapanhasslippeddowntheinternationalrankingsforhigh-schoolliteracy,mathematicsandscience.IntheOECDslastassessmentof15-year-oldsin41countries,Japanremainedahealthysecondinscience,buthadfallenfromfirsttosixthinmathsandfromeighthtof

42、ourteenthinreadingability.Parentsarealsoworriedabouttheresurgenceofbullyingandsuicidesamongschoolchildren.Facingprobabledefeatinnextsummersupper-houseelection,thefledglinggovernmentofShinzoAbehasbeencastingarounddesperatelyforsomethinganythingtoprovethatitreallyislisteningtopeoplesconcerns.Education

43、isseenasahandydistraction.Thekindofreformsthegovernmenthasinmind,however,arenotdesignedtohelpyoungpeoplemakecriticaljudgmentsinafast-changing,information-driven,globalenvironment.Instead,therulingLiberalDemocraticPartyanditscoalitionpartner,theNewKomeito,haverewrittenJapanspost-wareducationlawwithth

44、eaimofboostingpatriotismamongtheyoung.BunmeiIbuki,theeducationminister,alsobelieveselementaryschoolshavenoplaceteachingforeignlanguagessuchasEnglish.Thefirstrequirement,heinsists,isthatpupilsacquirewhathecallsaJapanesepassporti.e.,athoroughgraspofthecountryshistoryandculture,andperfectionintheirownl

45、anguage.Parliamentslowerhousehasapprovedlegislationwhich,besidesstressingtheimportanceofparentalguidance,requiresschoolstoinstill“aloveofonescountryinchildren.Theoppositionpartiesboycottedtherecentlower-housevote,buttherulingcoalitionsmajorityintheupperchamberhasallowedthebilltoscrapethroughandbecom

46、elaw.Becauseitwasusedinthepasttofantheflamesofmilitarism,teachingpatriotismhaslongbeentabooinJapan.Withitsheavyemphasisonmoralityandnationalism,thenewlegislationbearssomeresemblancetotheImperialRescriptonEducationof1890.InthedecadesuptotheendoftheSecondWorldWar,childrenwereforcedtomemoriestherescrip

47、tandreciteit,wordforword,beforeaportraitoftheemperor.FollowingJapanssurrender,thealliedoccupiersendedthepractice,appalledbyitsdemandsforjuvenileself-sacrificeinthenameoftheemperor.TheparadoxisthatJapandoesneedseriouseducationreform.Theschoolsystemandcurriculumweredesigned60yearsago,whenagenerationof

48、childrenfromfarmingcommunitieswasbeingtrainedforlong,uncomplaininghoursonproductionlines.Intheinterveningyearstheeconomyhaschangedoutofallrecognition.Yettheeducationsystemwithitscontinuedemphasisonfactsandfiguresanddrillingofmentalarithmetichasremainedstubbornlyrootedinthepast.Itscontinuedeconomicsu

49、ccesssuggeststhatJapansteenagersarepayinglessheedtoallthis,astheyquietlymasterthecreativeskillsneededtoprosperinamodernworld.Inthiscontext,perhapsthoseperplexingslippagesinformalgrades,mirroredinotherpost-industrialcountries,oughtactuallytoraiseacheer.whatcanwedrawfromPara,1:,Japanhasslippeddownthei

50、nternationalrankings,including:mathematicsandscience,readingability.,bullyingandsuicidesamongschoolchildrenusedtobeaheadachefacedinJapanesesocietyinthepast.,theeducationreformofJapanesegovernmentisdedicatedtocreativethinkingandcriticaljudgments,JapanesegovernmenthasbeenforbiddingteacherstoteachEngli

51、shinJapaneseelementaryandhighschool.inPara1,JapanesepassportcalledbyBunmeiIbuki,generallymeans:,thelegaldocumentissuedbyJapanesegovernmentwhensomeonewantstotraveltoJapan.,thetravelerswhowanttogotoJapanmusthaveahighcommandofJapaneseorherculture.,thepreconditionofbeingJapanese,theequivalenttoJapanesec

52、itizenship.,Japanesegovernmenthasattachedmoreimportancetoherimmigrationpolicy.FromPara2,thecontroversybetweenthetwopartiesindicatesall,except:,militarismandnationalismhavebeenthehottopicinJapanesesociety.,Japaneseeducationin1890boredeepimprintofimperialism.,inthepast,teachingpatriotismwasencouragedi

53、nordernottofanmilitarism.,duringtheSecondWorldWar,Jhelastparagraph,thewordparadoxcanbereplacedby:,absurdity.,self-contradiction.,reasonableness.,strangeness.fromthelastsentence,weknowthattheauthorsattitudetowardsJapaneseeducationreformis:,radi

54、cal.,supportive.,uninterested.,disapproved.PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheirchildrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA-Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartofthetext(1-5).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Ther

55、earetwoextraheadingsthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)AlbertEinstein,whosetheoriesonspacetimeandmatterhelpedunravelthesecretsoftheatomandoftheuniverse,waschosenasPersonoftheCenturybyTimemagazineonSunday.Amanwhoseverynameissynonymouswithscientificgenius,Einsteinhascometore

56、presentmorethananyotherpersonthefloweringof20thcenturyscientificthoughtthatsetthestagefortheageoftechnology.Theworldhaschangedfarmoreinthepast100yearsthaninanyothercenturyinhistory.Thereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomic,buttechnological-technologiesthatfloweddirectlyfromadvancesinbasicscience,wrotetheore

57、ticalphysicistStephenHawkinginatimeessayexplainingEinsteinssignificance.41)Timechoseasrunner-upPresidentFranklinRoosevelttorepresentthetriumphoffreedomanddemocracyoverfascism,andMahatmaGandhiasaniconforacenturywhencivilandhumanrightsbecamecrucialfactorsinglobalpolitics.WhatwesawwasFranklinRoosevelte

58、mbodyingthegreatthemeoffreedomsfightagainsttotalitarianism,Gandhipersonifyingthegreatthemeofindividualstrugglingfortheirrights,andEinsteinbeingbothagreatgeniusandagreatsymbolofascientificrevolutionthatbroughtwithitamazingtechnologicaladvancesthathelpedexpandthegrowthoffreedom,saidTimeMagazineEditorW

59、alterIsaacson.EinsteinwasborninUlm,Germanyin1879.42).Hecouldnotstomachorganizedlearningandloathedtakingexams.In1905,however,hewastopublishatheorywhichstandsasoneofthemostintricateexamplesofhumanimaginationinhistory.43).Everythingelsemass,weight,space,eventimeitselfisavariable.Andheofferedtheworldhis

60、now-famousequation:energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquaredE=mc244).45).Einsteindidnotworkontheproject.EinsteindiedinPrinceton,NewJerseyin1955.Indirectly,relativitypavedthewayforanewrelativisminmorality,artandpolitics,IsaacsonwroteinanessayexplainingTimeschoices.Therewaslessfaithinabsolutes,notof