译汉第七讲英语被动语态的的翻译

1、英汉翻译技巧第七讲英语被动语态的翻译1 英语中的被动语态使用极为广泛，尤其是在科技英语中被动语态几乎随处可见,这是因为： （1）被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩，科技论著注重客观事实，需要这种特性； （2）被动结构更能突出主要特征，说明对象，引人注目； （3）在很多情况下被动结构比主动结构更简短。 而汉语中的被动结构却不那么常见，因为从习惯上讲，汉语中的“被”、“遭”、“受”、“挨”等字眼总是给人不那么舒服的感觉，因此在英汉翻译时，往往要尽量将被动语态化为主动结构。 2Communications satellites are used for international living tran

2、smission throughout the world.译文：全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播 3具体来说，对于英语原文的被动结构，一般可采取下列的方法: 1. 翻译成汉语的主动句。英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况。 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。例如: 例1. The old womans body was found at the end of the alley.老妇人的尸体在小巷尽头发现了。例2In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distribut

3、ed among friends. 搬家时大部分家具要么留给了邻居，要么分给了朋友。4(2) 将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语，同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。例如: Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and

4、 entertaining. 人们常说，电视使人了解时事，熟悉政治和科学领域的最新发展变化，并能源源不断地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目。5另外，下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译: It is asserted that 有人主张；It is believed that 有人认为；It is generally considered that 大家(一般人)认为；It is well known that 大家知道(众所周知)；It will be said 有人会说；It was told that 有人曾经说。6(3) 翻译成汉语的无主句。例如: 例1. American pris

5、oners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels. 允许美国俘虏领取红十字会的食品包裹。例2.When (it is) seen through a telescope, the sun appears darker near the edge. 用望远镜看，太阳接近边缘的部分显得略暗。例3.One must admit that a good deal of discontent is reflected in those statistics. 必须承认，这些统计数字反映了许多不满情绪。72. 译成汉语的被动式。英语中的许多被动句可

6、以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为所”, “使”, “由”, “受到”等表示。例如: 例1. His passport was confiscated by the police.他的护照被警方没收了。例2. Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。例3. The spaceship will be totally controlled by an on-board electronic

7、computer. 这艘宇宙飞船将完全由机载电子计算机控制。8 课堂练习我们看下面一则短文，里面出现了十几处被动语态，但是在译文中都转化成了主动语态:9As oil is often found in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a c

8、ertain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling i

9、n. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.10由于石油深埋地下，靠研究地面，不能确定有没有石油。因此对地下岩层结构必须进行地质探测。如果认为某地区的岩层含石油，则在该处安装“钻机”。钻机中最显眼的部件叫“井架”。井架用来吊升分节油管，把油管放入由钻头打出的孔中。当孔钻成后，放入钢管以防孔壁坍塌。如钻探到石油，则在油管顶部紧固地加盖（加盖并紧固好），让石油通过一系列（从一个个）阀门流出

10、。11课后作业1、On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.122、In other words mineral