专业英语复习题范文

1、专业英语复习题一、选择题（在每题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共 15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）If all points in a linkage move in parallel planes the system undergoes planar motion and the linkage may be described as a .A. planar motion B. planar linkage C. jointsD. slideThough frame material and design should handle damping, are sometimes

2、 built into frame sections to handle specific problems.A .beamsB. holesC. dampersD. screwThe maximum allowable deflection of a shaft determined by critical speed, gear, orbearing requirements.A. often B. must C. was D. is usuallyWe will have to to better and better solutions as we generate more info

3、rmation.A. repeat many times B. iterating C. iterate D. try waysIf a product configuration is specified and then examined to determine whether theperformance requirements are met.A. finally B. tentatively C. temporary D. have beenManufacturing can be defined as the of raw materials into useful produ

4、cts through theuse of the easiest and lest-expensive methods.A. transformation B. processing C. process D. transformingThe planer and knee types of milling machine is because of its flexibility.A. used most commonlyB. most popularC. the most commonly used D. most powerfulAs a result, the system will

5、 vibrate at the frequency of the force regardless of the initial conditions or natural frequency of the system.A. action B. excitation C. out D. actBefore two components are assembled together, the relationship between the dimensions of the mating surfaces.A. must be giving out B. should printed cle

6、arlyC. must be specified D. should be clearly notedThe main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricant between their surfaces.A. enveloping B. mating C. outer D. outsideThe word itself usually refers to the deterioration of metals and ceramics, while similarphenomen

7、a in plastics generally called.A. recrystallization .corrosionrecrystallization degradationC. degradation corrosion D. corrosion degradationMost frames cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.A. are made from B. are made up ofC. was produced by D. was consist ofRotating shafts particularly t

8、hose that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operation at speeds.A . lowB .overloadC. criticalD. hollowAlthough cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a.A. patternB. modelC. moldD. patentThe term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounde

9、d by a hole.A. high pairB. low pairC. surface pairD. rotary pair二、 完型填空 (在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案， 本大题共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，总计 15 分)The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams

10、 are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members are among the “ associated parts ” considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.A shaft can have a noroun

11、d cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It can be stationary and serve to (18) a rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of an automobile. The shafts supporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationary depending on (20) the gear is attached to

12、the shaft or supported by it through bearings.It is apparent that shafts can be subjected to various combinations of axial, bending, and(21) loads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Typically, a rotating shaft transmitting power is (22) to a constant torque (producing a mean torsion

13、al stress) together with a completely reversed bending load (producing an alternating bending stress).In addition to satisfying (23) requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts deflection can hamper gear performance and cause (25) noi

14、se. The associated angular deflection can be very destructive to no -self- aligning bearings(either plain or rolling). (26) deflection can affect the accuracy of a cam or gear driven mechanism. Furthermore, the greater the flexibility -either lateral or torsional -the lower the corresponding (27) sp

15、eed.Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but more often such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are made separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contact with the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft is made in va

16、riety of ways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub into which the key fits are called keyways.16、A) cementB) attachedC) connectedD) concrete17、A) endureB) transmitC) serveD) connect18、A

17、) supportB) meetC) satisfyD) strong19、A) aimsB) idlerC) terminalD) tomb20、A) due toB) weatherC) whetherD) for21 、A) elasticityB) torsionalC) inertiaD) acceleration22、A) subjectedB)connectC) andD) From23、A) deeplyB) strengthC) clearly understand D) long time24、A) identifyB) crossC) roundD) lateral25、

18、A) lucrativeB) objectionableC) attractableD) terrible26、A) MomentB)TormentC) TorsionalD) Movement27、28、29、30、A) high B) criticalC) firstA) work B) idealizationC) integralA) mounted onto B) refers C) referring toA) deformations B) bending limits C) laternalD) importantD) simplificationD) indicatesD)

19、axially填在题头的表中）（本大题三、阅读理解（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，填在题头的表中）共 20 小题，每小题 2 分，总计 40 分）Text 1Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .The process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example, mechanical engineers will use the de

20、sign process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine; electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling water as the power source; and materials engi

21、neers use the process to design ablative materials which enable astronauts to safely reenter the earth s atmosphere.The vast majority of complex problems in today hsigh technology society depend for solution not on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmental

22、ists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations and political influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impact of

23、our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.Design is the culmination of engineering educational process; it is the salient feature that distinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines

24、of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools and derives its membership from the various engineering professional societies. Each accredited curriculum has a well -defined design component which falls within the ABET statement on des

25、ign read as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a sated object

26、ives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formul

27、ation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factor

28、s, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.31 、 what s the main meaning of message (1)?Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer s main work C) mechanical engineer s has good idea D) electrical engineer main duty 32、 In the author s opinion, the design proce

29、ss is very complex and should taken into account many factors, from the message who should NOT join into the design team .A) environmentalists,sociologistsengineersGovernment officialsFrom the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET ” (at line third paragraph) isa set of accredits standarda

30、kind of design methoda department of US government which responsible for engineering designA set of lawIt can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which character of the following is NOT included in the curriculum .creativitynew materialethicseconomic factorsTh

31、e title of the message is .the roles of engineers in manufacturingthe importance of mechanical designengineering designThe process of machine designTEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product based on its design. The compl

32、exity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications.Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the

33、parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error.Generally, a complete set of Working drawi

34、ngs for an assembly includes:Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.A bill of materials (BOM).A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the p

35、art shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufactured based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company

36、, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc.In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for a

37、ssembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detail drawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a single sheet.Multiple details on a s

38、heet are usually drawn at the same scale. If different scales are used, they are clearly marked under each detail. Also, when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between details is carefully planned, including leaving sufficient room for dimensions and notes.Based on the message,

39、which of the follow is wrong ?standard parts needn t drawn as detailsfor simple parts, sometimes needn t to draw the detail working drawingfor large assemblies details may drawn on multiple sheetsIf different scales used in a single sheet, they should clearly marked under each detail 37. Working dra

40、wings for an assembly MAY NOT includes:?BOMB) title blockC) An assembly or subassembly drawing D) Detail drawings of all parts. 38. For detail drawing, Which one of the following statement is not true?A) should not has different scalesDetail drawing can produced from design sketches or extracted fro

41、m 3 -D computer models. C) detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part D) should Adhere strictly to ANSI standards39. From the message we can infer ANSI is ?a set of lawB) a set of notificationC) an Organization D) IEEE government 40. The topic of the message is ? A) How to d

42、esign working drawings.working drawing s character and the key influence of how to draw a working drawing C) In the design process, what should be considered?D) What is working drawingTEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects mechanical parts and

43、 then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a

44、function of time. Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the e

45、nvironmental conditions encountered. This obviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings u

46、s back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can

47、be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which it processes. The system s DOF is equal to the number of independent parameterswhich are needed to uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the gener

48、al case, has complex motion, which is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three -dimensional space, there may be rotation about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In a plane, or two -dimensional space, complex mot

49、ion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about one axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the plane41 、 Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT .A) accelerationsB) forcepositions,D) velocities42 、 From the passage that fo

50、r the design engineer the first and most important isA) the service life of a machine B) the materials chooseC) the degree of freedomD) kinematic principlesAn mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that _.It should has one DOFIt should Has two DOFthe DOF and

51、the number of independent parameters should equalIt should has any DOF as wantwhich one of the following is NOT TRUE ?.A rigid body free to move in three -dimensional space may rotation about any axisA rigid body free to move in three -dimensional space is a simultaneous combination of rotation and

52、translationA rigid body free to move in three -dimensional space can be resolved into components along three axesA rigid body free to move in three -dimensional space may has complex motion、 The best title for this passage would be .A) kinematicsB) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important

53、of kinematics四、 英译汉(共20 分)1 将下列英语句子译成汉语(共 5 小题，每小题 2 分)( 1 ) A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.(2) Foundations should ensure the machine s stiffness; shock absorption and isolation are secondary considerations.(3)Thus, if a mec

54、hanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.(4) Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to

55、replace each other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.( 5 ) A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key.2、将下段英语翻译成汉语（ 10 分）As we look around us we see a world

56、 full of“ things ” , machines, devices, tools, things that wehave designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease to use. Ideally , however, every su

57、ch item has been designed according to some set of“ functional requirements ” as perceived by the designers that is, it hs been designed so as toanswer the question, “ exactly what function should it perform?” In the world of engineering, themajor function frequently is to support some type of loadi

58、ng due to weight, inertia , pressure, etc.五、英译汉（共20 分）1 、将下列句子译成英语（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分）（ 1 ）一个或多个诸如齿轮，链轮，皮带轮和凸轮等类的构件通常借助于销、键、花键、卡环或其它装置连接到轴上。（ 2 ）运动学仅研究机构的运动，而不考虑作用在机构上的力。（ 3 ）工程上的许多问题在其本质上是非线性的，也就是说恢复力并不与位移成正比，而且阻尼力也不与速度的一次方成正比。（ 4 ）在物体上所画的一条基准线，只会改变他的位置，而不会改变他的角度方向。（ 5 ）当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和

59、确定可能的改正措施。将下段汉语翻译成英语（ 10 分）密度： 材料的密度是指单位体积材料的质量。 另外一个术语是比重， 其表示某种材料的密度与水的密度的比值，因此，比重没有单位。对于如飞机和航天结构、汽车车体和部件，以及其他一些产品， 当能量消耗和动力限制是主要考虑的因素时， 减轻重量尤其重要。 在设计先进的设备与机器和设计诸如汽车等消费品的过程中， 采用新的替代材料来减轻重量和降低成本是一个应该着重考虑的问题参考答案一、 选择题 : （本大题共15 小题，每小题 1 分，总计 15 分）1-5： BCDCB 6-10： ACBCA 11-15 DACAB TOC o 1-5 h z 二、完形

60、填空： （本大题共15 小题，每小题1 分，总计15 分）16-20 ： BDABC 21-25 ： BABDB 26-30： CBCAD三、阅读理解： （本大题共20 小题，每小题2 分，总计40 分）31-35： ADABC 36-40 ： BC ACD 41-45 ： BDCA C四、翻译（满分40 分）1 、英译汉， （共 5 小题，每小题 6 分）（ 1 ） A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.一个绝对刚性或