2019版高考英语提分单元加餐练通用版(全解析)单元加餐练74含解析

1、单元加餐练.阅读理解AThemeaningoftheword“volunteermay”bealittledifferentindifferentcountries,butitusuallymeans“onewhooffershisorherservices”.Therearemanydifferentwaysinwhichpeoplecanvolunteer,suchastakingcareofsickpeople,workinginhomesforhomelesschildren,andpickingupgarbagefrombeachesandparks.olunteersVmaywor

2、kwithintheirowncountriesorinothercountries.Theyareoftenpeoplewithastrongwishtohelpthosewhoarelessfortunatethanthemselves.Volunteersdontexpectanykindofpay.Attherootofvolunteeringistheideathatonepersonmayhavetheabilitytoofferservicesthatcanhelpotherpeople.Tracy,agoodfriendofmine,however,recentlycameba

3、ckfromIndiawithanewideaofwhatbeingavolunteermeans.SheworkedfortwoandahalfweeksinoneofMotherTeresashomesinCalcutta.Thefollowingisherstory.“IfirstheardaboutMotherTeresainmyhighschool.WewatchedavideoaboutherworkinIndiaandallovertheworld.Iwassomovedbyherspirittohelpothersandherendlessloveforeveryhumanbe

4、ingthatafterIgraduatedfromhighschool,Ialsowantedtotryherkindofwork.SowithtwofriendsIflewtoCalcuttaforafewweeks.”“Iwasaskedtoworkinahomeforsickpeople.Ihelpedwashclothesandsheets,andpassoutlunch.Ialsofedthepeoplewhoweretooweaktofeedthemselvesandtriedtocheerthemup.Ifeltitwasbettertosharewiththemthantot

5、hinkthatIhavehelpedthem.Tobehonest,IdontthinkIwashelpingverymuch.ItwasthenthatIrealizedthatIhadnotreallycometohelp,buttolearnaboutandexperienceanotherculturethathelpedimprovemyownunderstandingoflifeandtheworld.篇章导读：本文为夹叙夹议文，主要介绍了Tracy对volunteer”一词的新的体会及理解。1Accordingtothetext,avolunteerreferstoaperso

6、nwho_.AiswillingtohelpthoseinneedwithoutpayBcanaffordtotraveltodifferentplacesChasastrongwishtobesuccessfulDhasmadeabigfortuneinlife答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段的“onewhooffershisorherservices”和第一段最后一句“Volunteersdontexpectanykindofpay”.可确定答案为A。2WhydidTracychoosetobeavolunteer?AShelikedtoworkwithMotherTeresa.BSheha

7、dalreadyhadsomeexperience.CShewasaskedbyMotherTeresa.DShewantedtofollowMotherTeresasexample.答案：D推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Iwassomovedbyherspirit.Ialsowantedtotryherkindofwork.”可知，她想以MotherTeresa为榜样。3WhatisTracys“newidea”(inParagraph2)ofbeiunteer?gavolAGoingabroadtohelpthesick.BWorkinginMotherTeresashome.CDoing

8、simplethingstohelpthepoor.DImprovingoneselfthroughhelpingothers.答案：D推理判断题。由第三、四段内容可知，Tracy怎样在实践volunteer的过程中逐渐形成了新的体验和认识，且从文中最后一句可知newidea的含义。4Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?AHowtoBeaVolunteerBVoluntaryLifeinIndiaCADifferentMeaningofVolunteerDInspirationfromMotherTeresa答案：C标题判断题。本文以volunteer作为导入，讲T

9、racy对volunteer的新体会和与以前不同的理解。C项切合文章的主题。BChimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwitht

10、heirchildren,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdontnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,hewillpullatrandomhejustdoesntcarewhetherhisneighborgetsf

11、edornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatif

12、babiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheir

13、childrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(认知的)skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysical

14、worldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.ThecoreofwhatchildrensmindshaveandchimpsdontiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepar

15、tofa“we，”agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家通过比较黑猩猩和小孩子的行为得出结论，相较于黑猩猩的自私，人类的本能和天性是帮助别人，与人合作和分享。5Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?AChimpsseldomcareaboutothersinterests.BChimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.CChimpsliketotakeintheirneighborsfood.DChimpsnaturallysharef

16、oodwitheachother.答案：A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的实验得知，黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故A项正确。其中C项干扰性较大，由实验得出的结论是黑猩猩自私，而不是喜欢那么做。6MichaelTomasellostestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey_.AhavetheinstincttohelpothersBknowhowtoofferhelptoadultsCknowtheworldbetterthanchimpsDtrustadultswiththeirhandsfull答案：A推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句得知，小孩帮助他人是出于本能

17、和天性。故A项正确。7Thepassageismainlyabout_.AthehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenBwaystotrainchildrenssharedintentionalityCcooperationasadistinctivehumannatureDthedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren答案：C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行的对比实验证实了助人、与别人合作是人独有的本能。A项干扰性较大，文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。.七选五Tenrequirementsforteensthat

18、wontgetthemintocollegebutwillmakethembetterpeople?Writealetter.Anactualletterthatdoesnotbeginwithiswritten,inhandwriting,onrealpaper.?Readabookforpleasure._1_Repeatwhenneededuntilfindabookyoureallylove.andyou“Hey”?Holddownanunpleasantjobthatmakesyouhateyourparentsalittlebitbecausetheywontletyouquit.

19、?Gosomewherefortheweekendwithoutyourphone._2_?Everytimeyougetanewtoyorgadget(小玩意),giveanoldtoyorgadgetawaytosomeonewhodoesntgetnewthingsasoftenasyoudo.?Takecareofsomeoneorsomethingotherthanyourself._3_Andifitsadog,learntobrushthedogfarenoughawayfromthebackdoorsothatthehairdoesnotallcomebackinyourhou

20、sewhenyouarefinished.?_4_Evenifthispersonhasntgivenyouaholidayorbirthdaypresent,findsomethingtothankhimfor.?Learntocookagoodmealthatcanfeedtheentirefamily,nomatterwhatsizefamilyyouhave.?Dosomethingniceforaneighborwithoutexpectinganycreditforitandkeepyouridentitysecret.?_5_Ifyouwanttoaimforthetop,goo

21、dforyou.Buttrytogetthereslowly,withoutknockingeveryoneelseoutoftheway.Ormissingthebeautifulview.ADontracetothetop.BApetdoesnicelyhere.CGuesswhichjobtaughtmemoreaboutlife.DThenyoumayknowwhatitfeelsliketobealone.EIfyoustartoneandstillhateitonpage50,findanotherone.FWriteaheartfeltthankyounotetosomeoneo

22、vertheageof70.GPutthenewspaperonthefrontstepifitlandedinthemiddleofthedriveway.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了十件对青少年成长有益的事情。1EE项中的“page50”符合本段关于读书的语境，且“findanotherone”与设空后的“untilyoufindabook”相呼应，故选E项。2D根据本空前的“withoutyourphone”及我们的日常经验可知，不带手机意味着无法与其他人取得联系，只能“独自一人”，这与D项中的“tobealone”相呼应。3B根据本空后的“ifitsadog”可知，作者在这里

23、以“宠物”为例，建议青少年照顾其他人或物。故B项符合语境。4F根据本段中的“findsomethingtothankhimfor”可知，作者建议青少年写一封“感谢信”，F项符合前后语境。5AA项中的“Dontracetothetop”与空后的“thetop”，“getthereslowly”相呼应。故选A项。.语法填空RecentlyIhavebeenthinkingabouthowIcanhelpothers,even_1_thesimplestways.BecauseIspendfivedaysstudyingatschool,Ifocuson_2_Icandoformyclassmate

24、s.IstartedinmyEnglishclass.Iusuallygodowntownforlunch.SoafterIatemyfood,Iboughttwosmallbagsofcookiesandalargecupoficedtea.Igottoclassbeforeeveryoneelse,andIdecidedtopicksomeone_3_neededalittlemorebrightnessonthatday.Everyonecamein_4_readthenote：“RandomActofKindness.PayitForward.”Theywerepretty5_(exc

25、ite).IactedasifIwereastonishedtoavoidbeingfoundoutandremainunknown.Tomy_6_(surprised),theboysharedthefoodwiththeentireclass.Thenextday,theboywhoreceivedmygiftdidpassiton.Andheboughtsomefoodandadrinkfor_7_studentwhohadclassafterus.Thefollowingday,ImadeaCD,whichwasfilledwithpleasantmusic,withthepurpos

26、eof_8_(cheer)anyoneupwhowashavingaroughdayorwhojustwantedtobeinagoodmood.Iput_9_onanotherstudentsdesk.WhenhesawtheCD,hesharedthemusicwithusduringclass,whichmadeeverybodyhappy.AndI_10_(leave)feelinggoodaboutmyselfthewholeday.1_2._5._6._3._7._4._8._9._10._篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者决定从帮助身边的人入手开始帮助他人。他默默地做出两个小小的善

27、举为同学买午饭及送同学CD，并收到了很好的效果：其他同学分享并传递了他的爱心行为，同时作者也体会到了助人的快乐。1in考查介词。名词way通常与介词in搭配，表示“以的方式”。2what考查宾语从句的连接词。空处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，故用连接词what引导。3who考查定语从句的引导词。空处引导定语从句，先行词为someone，从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词who。4and考查连词。大家进来后，读了那张便条。表示紧接着发生的两个动作，因此填连词and，表示并列关系。5excited考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，主语是人，本空应填过去分词excited“激动的，兴奋的”，作表语，描述人的心理状态。6surprise考查词性转换。toonessurprise为固定搭配，意为“使某人惊奇的是”，所有格ones后应填名词surprise。7a考查冠词。根据语境，此处泛指“一个同学”，故用不定冠词a。8cheering考查非谓语动词。withthepurposeof为固定搭配，意为“为了”，介词of