高考英语江苏版：专题3+阅读理解+第二节+三+Word版含解析

1、英语学习讲义好好努力梦想终会实现 三、写作意图题（2019 天津，D）Would you BET on the future of this man ? He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning , and he has often been in prison.Driven by heaven -knows-what motives ,

2、he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.That former prisoner was Cervantes , and the book was Don Quixote（堂吉诃德）.And the story poses an interesting question : why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end o

3、f their days, while others go to seed long before?We ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life s halfway mark.I m not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We can t all get there.I m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted th

4、e fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us , in fact , progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose our sense of wonder.But , if we are willing to learn , t

5、he opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we can t change.We learn to avoid self-pity.We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us - an idea that troubles at first but

6、is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning.Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life.However , we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（ 自我），whether to loved ones , to fellow

7、 humans, to work , or to some moral concept.Many of us equate（视 等同于 ） “commitment“ with such “caring“ occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such excellence whethehey are driving a truck, or runnin

8、g a store make the world better just by being the kind of people they are.Theyve learned life s most valuable lesson.语篇解读本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有 目标，并且愿意学习，就可能取得成功。.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that .A.loss of freedom stimulates one s creativityB.age is not a bar

9、rier to achieving one s goalC.misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD.disability cannot stop a man s pursuit of success答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，塞万提斯成年后生活坎坷，但他决心写一本书，结果这本书畅销了350多年，有些人直到生命的最后时刻都在发现新的活力和创意。由此可推知，作者以塞万提斯的故事开头是为了告诉我们年龄不是实现目标的障碍。.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 proba

10、bly mean?A.End one s struggle for liberty.B.Waste one s energy taking risks.C.Miss the opportunity to succeed.D.Lose the interest to continue learning.答案 D解析 词义猜测题。根据语境并结合画线短语所在句可知，人们在还没到达人生的终点之前就失去了继续学习的兴趣。故选 D项。.What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?A.Those who dare to try often get themselves t

11、rapped.B.Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.C.Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.D.Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.答案 C解析推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段是说我们中大多数人总是减少自己生活的多样性, 困在自己的专业领域，没有什么能给我们带来惊喜，但是只要我们愿意学，到处都是机会。据此可推知，机会青睐有求知欲的人。.What does the author intend to tell us in Pa

12、ragraph 5?A.A tough man can tolerate suffering.B.A wise man can live without self -pity.C.A man should try to satisfy people around him.D.A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.答案 D解析 推理判断题。通读第五段可知，该段说到我们成熟之后学会忍受自己改变不了的事，学会避免自我哀怜；知道有些人是我们无论怎么做都讨好不了的，而这种想法最初会困扰我们，但最终我们会感到释然。由此可知，作者在第五段想告诉

13、我们应该学会用合适的方式对待生活，因此选D。.What is the author s purpose in writing the passage?A.To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B.To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.C.To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D.To suggest a way of pursuing excellence i

14、n our lifelong career.答案 A解析 写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过塞万提斯的经历告诉我们要让自己成年的生活充满意义。一、题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图/目的题。设问形式常有：.整篇文章的写作意图/目的：The author writes this passage in order to.(2)The author of the passage aims to.(3)The purpose of the passage is to.(4)What is the main purpose of the passage?(5)What is the autho

15、r s intention of writing this passage?(6)The author of the story wants to tell us that .某处细节的写作意图/目的：The author uses.in the first paragraph to.(2)The author uses the example of.to.(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .(4)Why does the author mentionin the first paragraph?二、解题技巧.文体特点推意图

16、(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所 有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点 一一进行论证一一得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。.看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有to bring in/tointroduce the topic 等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有to support/to show等字眼。例

17、如：【真题感悟】中的第 55题，文章为议论文，文章先提出论点，再进行论证，最后得出结论：我们要让自己的成年生活充满意义。A（2019南徐盐常四市联考）Some of the greatest moments in human history were fuelled by emotional intelligence.When Martin Luther King , Jr.presented his dream, he chose language that would stir the hearts of his audience.Delivering this electrifying（

18、令人激动的）message required emotional intelligence the ability to recognize , understand, and manage emotions.Emotional intelligence has been highly recommended by leaders , policymakers , and educators as the solution to a wide range of social problems.If we can teach our children to manage emotions, th

19、e argument goes, we ll have less bullying and more cooperation.If we can cultivate emotional intelligence among leaders and doctors , we ll have more caring workplaces and more compassionate healthcare.Emotional intelligence is important, but the uncontrolled enthusiasm has obscured（掩盖）a dark side.N

20、ew evidence shows that when people sharpen their emotional skills , they become better at manipulating（控制）others.When you re good at controlling your own emotions , you can hide your true feelings.When you know what others are feeling , you can 1 motivate them to act against their own best interests

21、.Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence. 11In a research led by University of professor Jochen Menges , when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion , the audience was less likely to scrutinize（名田致审查）the message and remembered of the content.I

22、ronically audience members were so moved by the speech that they claimed to recall more of it.The authors call this the awestruck effect, but it might just as easily be described as the dumbstruck effect.One observer reflected that Hitler s persuasive 6impact came from his ability to strategically e

23、xpress emotions- htearoopen his heart” - and these emotions affected his followers to the point that they would “stop thinking 2critically and just emote.Leaders who 7master emotions can rob us of our capacities to reason.If their values are out of step with our own , the results can be destructive.

24、New evidence suggests that when people have self-serving motives（动机），emotional intelligence becomes a weapon for manipulating others.In a study led by the University of Toronto psychologist Stephane Cote , university employees filled out a survey about their Machiavellian（不择手段的）tendencies, and took

25、a test measuring their knowledge about effective strategies for managing emotions.Then, Cote s team assessedhow often the employees deliberately undermined（逐渐肖|J弱 ）their colleagues.The employees 9involved in the most harmful behaviors were Machiavellians with high emotional intelligence.They used th

26、eir emotional skills to lower the dignity of their peers for personal gain.Shining a light on this dark side of emotional intelligence is one mission of a research team led by University College London professor Martin Kilduff.According to these experts, emotional intelligence helps people disguise（

27、伪装）one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain.Professor Kilduff s team writes , “ The strategic disguise of one s own emotions and the manipulation of others emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare s stage but also in the offices and corridors wh

28、ere power and influence are traded.”Of course , people aren t always using emotional intelligence for nefarious ends.More often than not, emotional skills are simply instrumental tools for goal accomplishment.A research team discovered that founder Anita Roddick used emotional intelligence to inspir

29、e her employees fundraise for charity.As Roddick explained , “ Whenever we wanted to persuade our staff to support a particular project we always tried to break their hearts.”There is growing recognition that emotional intelligence like/ skill cabe used forgood or evil.So if we re going to teach emo

30、tional intelligence in schools and develop it at work , we need to consider the values that go along with it and where it s actually useful.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了情商的黑暗面及其运用和影响。.Why does the author mention Martin Luther King , Jr.? A.To honor the great leader for his courage.B.To recommend his speech to

31、other leaders. C.To impress the readers with a major topic. D.To advocate a society with fewer problems. 答案 C解析 写作意图题。根据第一段中的Some of the greatest moments in human history werefuelled by emotional intelligence.可知，人类历史上一些最伟大的时刻是由情商推动的，紧接着作者提到马丁 路德金就是为了给读者留下深刻的印象，故 C项正确。.Which of the following belongs

32、to a dark side of emotional intelligence?A.Developing the capability to control one s own emotion.B.Inducing people to do what brings disadvantages to them.C.Appealing to the audience to concentrate and remember more.D.Encouraging the moved audience to recall more of the speech.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句

33、及最后一句可知，情商重要，但失控的热情掩盖了它 的黑暗面，当你知道别人的感受时，你可以激励他们违背自己的最佳利益，由此可知，诱导 人们做对他们不利的事情属于情商的黑暗面之一，故B项正确。.What is the dumbstruck effect of Hitler s emotional intelligence?A.His followers would tear open their hearts to him.B.His followers would express emotions strategically.C.His followers would lose the abili

34、ty to reason properly.D.His followers would develop the self -serving motives.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，希特勒之所以极具说服力，是因为他有能力战略性地表达自己的情绪，这些情绪会影响到他的追随者，让他们不再批判性地思考，而只是发泄情绪，由此可知，希特勒情商的惊人影响是使他的追随者失去了正确推理的能力，故C项正确。.How do people use their emotional intelligence for personal gain?A.They disguise their emotio

35、ns to earn others trust.B.They help their colleagues to build up confidence.C.They present their strategic behaviors on the stage.D.They lower their own dignity to gain popularity.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第七段中的 emotional intelligence helps people disguise（伪装）one set of emotions while expressing another for pe

36、rsonal gain 及 The strategic disguise of one s own emotions and the manipulation of others emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident ” 可 知，人们通过掩饰自己的情绪赢得别人的信任来获取个人利益，故A项正确。.Which may mean the same as the underlined word “ nefarious in Paragraph 8?A.Immoral.B.Unimportant.C.Illegal.D.Uncontrolla

37、ble.答案 A解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句及其后一句可知，人们并不总是利用情商来达到邪恶的目的，通常情感技巧只是实现目标的工具，由此可知画线词词义为“邪恶的，不道德的”，故A项正确。.What would be the best title for the passage?A.The Benefits of Emotional IntelligenceB.The Ways of Disguising One s EmotionsC.The Reasons for Using Emotional SkillsD.The Dark Side of Emotional Intelligenc

38、e答案 D解析 标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第三段中的Emotional intelligence is important , but theuncontrolled enthusiasm has obscured（掩盖）a dark side.”可知，情商固然重要，但失控的热情掩盖了它的黑暗面，本文主要介绍的就是情商的黑暗面，故D项正确。B（2019南京金陵中学、海安中学、外国语学校四模）“Be afraid.Be very afraid , says a10character in The Fly , a horror film about a man who turns into an

39、 enormous insect.It 3captures the unease and disgust people often feel for the kingdom of cockroaches , Zika-carrying mosquitoes and creepy crawlies of all kinds.However . ecologists increasingly see the insect world as something to be frightened for , not frightened of. In the past two years, score

40、s of scientific studies have suggested that trillions of murmuring , droning , honeybees, butterflies and beetles are dying off. If all mankind were to disappear , wrote E.O.Wilson , a 4respectable entomologist, “the world would regenerate.If insects were to vanish , the environment would collapse i

41、nto chaos.”Most of the studies describe declines of 50% and more over decades in different measures of insect health.The immediate 5reaction is shock.Insects enable plants to reproduce, through pollination （授粉），and are food for other animals, so a collapse in their numbers would be catastrophic.But

42、a second look 8leads to a different assessment.Rather than causing a panic , the studies should act as a timely warning and a reason to take precautions.That is because the worst fear is unproven.There are no studies at all of wild insect numbers in most of the world.Reliable data are too scarce to

43、declare a global emergency.Moreover , where the evidence does show a collapse- in Europe and America - agriculturaland rural ecosystems are holding up.Farm production still remains high.As some insect species die out, others seem to be moving into the niches （生态位）they have left, keeping ecosystems g

44、oing, although with less biodiversity than before.It is hard to argue that insect decline is yet causing significant economic damage.But there are complications.Agricultural productivity is not the only measure of environmental health.Animals have value , independent of any direct economic contribut

45、ion they may make.The more species make up an ecosystem, the more stable it is likely to be.The extinction of a few insect species among so many might not make a big difference.The loss of hundreds of thousands would.And the scale of the observed decline raises doubts about how long ecosystems can r

46、emain resilient （能复原的）.An experiment in which researchers gradually pulled out insect pollinators from fields found that plant diversity held up well until about 90% of insects had been removed. Then it collapsed. 12Given the lack of data , it is impossible to know how close Europe and America are t

47、o an ecosystem collapse.But it would be reckless to find out by actually triggering one. 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了昆虫危机还没有迫在眉睫，但是需要采取预防措施。否则后果不堪设想。.What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph imply?A.Ecologists have long been afraid of those disgusting insects.Ecologists are worried about the d

48、isappearance of some insects.C.Ecologists have already got rid of the prejudiced feeling about insects.D.Ecologists are respectful of the insect s ability to regenerate themselves. 答案 B解析推理判断题。根据画线句及其后的内容可知，生态学家越来越多地把昆虫世界看作是受到惊吓的物体，而不是吓人的物体。在过去的两年里，大量的科学研究表明，数以万亿计的嗡嗡作响的蜜蜂、蝴蝶和甲虫正在消失。如果所有的人类都消失了，昆虫学家元

49、老威尔逊写道，“世界还会再生但如果昆虫消失了，环境就会陷入混乱。”所以通过威尔逊所说的话可以判断出，第一段中带下画线的句子暗示出，生态学家担心一些昆虫的消失。故 B选项正确。.What conclusion can we draw from the studies conducted in the past two years?A.Though there is a decline in the number of insects , we still have the reason to be optimistic.B.Biodiversity can cause immediate dam

50、age so that we should take precautions right away.C.Data collected from all over the world is convincing to prove our environment is at risk.D.The consequence of decreasing biodiversity may be more serious than we can imagine.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句That is because the worst fear is unproven.There ar

51、eno studies at all of wild insect numbers in most of the world.”可知，生物多样性减少的后果可能比我们想象的更为严重。故D选项正确。.What is the author s purpose in writing the passage?A.To show the magical power of our mother nature.B.To analyze why insects are on the edge of extinction.C.To draw people s attention to the decreasing

52、 insects.D.To urge the scientists to collect more data about insects.答案 C解析 写作意图题。通读全文可知，短文说明了昆虫危机还没有迫在眉睫，但是需要预防措施。昆虫是生态系统健康的指标。它们的衰落是一个警告，提醒我们要注意这一点，否则一切都太晚了。所以写这篇文章的目的是引起人们对正在减少的昆虫的注意。故C选项正确。I .障碍词汇突破（一）阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get i

53、nvolved in voluntary work.激励.This has given him a disposition to consider our traditions critically. 批判地.The robbery was captured on police video cameras.记录下，捕捉.He was now a teacher and a respectable member of the community.受人尊敬的.Our instinctive reaction when someone causes us pain is to strike back

54、.反应（二）同义词语替换.French had a major impact on the English language.influence.She struggled to master her fear of height.control8.Good habits always lead to high efficiency , while bad ones bring the opposite.cause/result in/bring in(三)一词多义nvolve vt.包含;需要；涉及；影响；使参加(1)If your goal involves other people ,

55、put yourself in their positions.影响(2)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.使参加(3)A crosstalk performance involves talking , imitating , singing and telling jokes.包括10.character n.性格，个性；特征；品性，人格；人物；角色；符号；文字(1)I didn t know Ron had that mu

56、ch strength of character.个性(2)Michael Fish is my favourite.He s a hoot, a real character.人物(3)Schools were created to teach reading , maths and moral character.人格(4)The film is autobiographical and the central character is played by Collard himself. 角色(5)A character is a letter, number, or other sym

57、bol that is written or printed. 文字： 符号 n .长难句理解11.In a research led by University of professor Jochen Menges , when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion , the audience was less likely to scrutinize the message and remembered of the content.句式分析 本句是一个复合句, 主句是 the audience was less li

58、kely to scrutinize the message and remembered of the content; In a research led by University of professor Jochen Menges 是地点 状语； 其中 led by University of professor Jochen Menges 是过去分词短语作定语；when a leadergave an inspiring speech filled with emotion 是 when 弓 I 导的时间状语从句。精美译文在一个由大学教授 Jochen Menges主持的研究中(发

59、现)，当一个领导人做充满激 情的演讲时，听众不太可能细致审查内容细节并记住演讲内容。12.Given the lack of data, it is impossible to know how close Europe and America are to an ecosystem collapse.句式分析 本句是一个复合句，主句是 it is impossible to know how close.;其中how引导 一个宾语从句;Given the lack of data是介词短语作状语，译为“考虑到数据的缺乏”。精美译文考虑到数据的缺乏.不可能知道欧洲和美洲牛态系统的崩溃是何等的相

60、近。强化练（二十一）I .单项填空I.Considered to be a less dangerous to tobacco , “ e-cigs“ are taking over the West asmore and more people switch over when trying to kick the habit.（2019苏州八校高三联考 ）A.adjustmentB.alternativeC.advertisementD.amusement答案 B解析 adjustment调整，适应；alternative替代物，可供选择的事物；advertisement广告；amusem