146高中英语语法导学案之状语从句

1、高中英语语法导学案之状语从句学习目标：使学生懂得状语从句的定义，句法功能，分类，引导词，及各类状语从句的用法联系高考试题提高学生分析和解决问题的能力。学习方法：自主学习讲义内容，独立完成题目并且小组讨论达标练习和巩固练习。概念及分类：句子可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句；复合句中从句可分为定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句。用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句；4.条件状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.让步状语从句；7.比较状语从句；8.方式状语从句；9.结果状语从句。时间状语从句when,while和

2、as1,when,观察下面例句，总结其用法：WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.总结：从句表示的动作,主句和从句的先后关系。在下列句子中，when的含义是：，做为并列连词。Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.WewereabouttosetoffonourwaywhenitsuddenlybegantorainShewasonthepointofgoingtoshopwhenthetelephonerang.Hardlyha

3、dIarrivedwhenthetrainleft.Hehadjustfinishedhishomeworkwhensomeoneaskedhimtoplaybasketball.总结：:观察下列句子中when的含义：Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyouhavegotsuchagoodone?when表示条件，意思接近“在情况下”whenever:IgotothetheaterwheneverIgetthechance.(每当，每次)Come

4、andseemewheneveryouwantto.(在任何时候)2，while，观察例句并总结用法：Wewerelistening/listenedtotheradiowhilehewasreadingnewspaper.Iliketeawhilehelikecoffee.Pleasedonttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.TOC o 1-5 h z总结：while引导的从句谓语动词必须,常用时。作为并列连词，表示，翻译成；语气比but。把while的含义写在后面括号内：)Whilewedidntagree,wecontinuetobegoodfriends.

5、(Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idontknowthemwell.(Whilethereislife,thereishope.(Striketheironwhileitishot.(总结：while除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导。3.as引导时间状语从句：Astimegoeson,itsgettingwarmerandwarmer.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为或者温馨提示：当主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作时，whe

6、n,while,as可互换使用。When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.题组训练用while，when，as填空：_Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofthestore.Johnarrived,Iwascookinglunch.hegrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.Howcanhegetgoodgradeshewontstudy?Iwaswanderingthrou

7、ghthestreetIcaughtsightofatailorsshop.thegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner.than.,hardly(scarecely,barely).when.这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.Nosoonerhadwearri

8、vedatthestationthanthetrainleft.Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.TOC o 1-5 h z注意：在nosooner.than.;hardly/scarcely/barely.when结构中，主句用，从句使用时态。此外，当把nosooner或hardly等提到句首时，应用语序。Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=Hardly.Ihadnosoonercomehomethanitbegantorain.=Nosooner.题组训练英译汉：Theyphonedimmedia

9、telytheyreachedhome.TheyearmybrotherjoinedthearmyIgraduatedfromthehighschool.Ihadwaitedfor3hoursbythetimethetrainarrived.(注意主句时态：)EverytimeIseeher,sheisalwaysbusy.Iwanttoseeherthemomentshearrives.表示时间的名词或名词短语也可以引起时间状语从句，如：tilluntil和not.untilHeremainedthereuntilshearrived.Youmaystayhereuntiltherainst

10、ops.Hewontgotobeduntilshereturns.UntilyoutoldmeIhavenoideaofit.ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.观察以上各句，找出用法。肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是,意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。否定句：主句谓语动词必须是,意为某动作直到某时间才开始。可以用于句首，而不可以。在强调句型中notuntil两词在一起不分开；句首时，要倒装。题组训练句型转换Ididntleaveuntilshecameback.shecame

11、backleave.notuntilshecamebackI.before,after和sincebefore,在之前：翻译下面的句子：Lookbeforeyouleap.Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.把下列各句中的before的含义写在后面：Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.（）Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.（）Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.（）BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeas

12、uredme（）before构成的固定句型，看例句总结：Itwillbeayearbeforeyouleaveschool.ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleepagain.Itwillbe+before（谓语动词用）Itwas+before（谓语动词用）since：IhavewrittenhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.Shehasbeenworkinginthisfactorysinceheleftschool.Ihaveseenhertwicesincehelivedhere.总结：since从句的谓语动词一般动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性或

13、者反复发生的动作。主句时态为,从句时态为。从句动词若是延续性动词，则表示。概括since构成的句型，：ItisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeoutItisthreeyearssinceIsmokedacigar.ItwasyearssinceIhadseenher.把以上句子翻译成汉语。在“Itis+一段时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。3.after在之后Iwilltellthemafteryouleave(youhaveleave).Itoldthemafteryouleft/hadleft.你能发现after之后的时态吗？

14、三地点状语和原因状语从句1地点状语引导词为和_.请填写：Youarefreetogoyoulike.Gobackyoucomefrom.Makeamarkyouhaveanyquestions.翻译下列句子：Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Whereverthereissmoke,thereisafire.以上两句where从句表示抽象含义，从句必须放在主句之前。注意区分where引导的状语从句和定语从句题组训练,判断下列各句中包括什么从句：TOC o 1-5 h zGobacktotheplacewhereyoucomefrom.()Thisistheshopwh

15、ereIboughtmybike.()Gobackwhereyoucomefrom.()Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.()总结：你是根据什么作出判断的？原因状语从句引导词：because,as,since,nowthat,每个连词的含义不尽相同，观察例句总结用法：Whywereyouabsentfromthemeeting?BecauseIwasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgotothepark.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,letsbeginourclass.Sinceyouarebusy,youd

16、onthavetogo.总结：because表示,用来回答提出的问题；as和since表示,as可以翻译成,since翻译成;as的位置可以在主句前或者后，而since,nowthat只能在主句.此外，for,并列连词，也可表示原因，起补充说明的作用。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.目的状语从句和结果状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有从属连词Iwillspeakslowlyyoucanunderstandme.wemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.在口语中，sothat引导从句时，可以省略

17、。Wewillseatnearthefrontso(that)wecanhearmoreclearly.Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreehisfather(should)seehim.forfearthat,incase,lest引导目的状语从句，谓语动词可以使用should+动词原形。引导结果状语从句的引导词有观察例句，概括结构：Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttog

18、otothepark.Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldntsupporthisfamily.当so或such置于句首时，主要倒装语序。Socleverastudentthathewasabletoworkoutthedifficultproblem.题组训练：用so或such填空Itissurprisingthatlittlewormseatmanygrains.HeissmartaboythatIlikehimverymuch.Canyoubelievethatinarichcountrythereshouldbemanypoorpeople?思考：such.

19、as结构中，as引导的是什么从句？观察下面的句子并作出回答：Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetells.Pleasesendsuchonesasyouhavetomorrow.比较such.that并得出结论：条件状语和方式状语从句条件状语从句从属连词引导条件状语Youwillfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.Youwillfailtheexamyoustudyhard.youdontloseheart,youwillsucceed.当if从句的条件不是真实的或难以实现的条件时，要用.IfI(know)hisaddress,I(tell)you.I

20、fyou(come)hereyesterday,you(see)her.Ifit(rain)tomorrow,I(stay)athome.条件状语从句中也可以省略Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.Hehasnomoney.If(thereis)any,hewillgiveyousome.Weallknowthat,if(itis)notcarefullydealtwith,thesituationwillgetworse.在条件状语从句中时态问题：Youwillfindawayifyouuseyourhead.Dontleavetheroomunlesstheteach

21、ertellsyouto.方式状语从句引导词有Doasyouaretoldto,oryouwillbefired.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.4.IfeelasifIhaveafever.asif或asthrough引导的从句有时需要用语气。从句中也可以采用省略形式：Shestoodatthegate,asif(shewas)waitingforsomeone.温馨提示：在时间状语从句，让步，条件及方式状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致，并且谓语动词中有be动词的时候，从句中的主语和系动词一块儿省略。让步状语从句和比较状语从句让步状

22、语从句引导让步状语从句的从属连词有Heisunhappy,hehasalotofmoney.itwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.Iwerebusy,IwouldgoEventhough/ifitisraining,I(go)there.as引导让步状语从句，从句中的表语，状语，或动词原形置于句首，需用倒装语序。汉译英(as)：尽管他是孩子，她却懂得很多。虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。,Iwontbuyit,foritstooexpensive.不管他怎样努力，还是找不到工作。,hecouldntfindajob.though

23、引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装;although引导的从句不倒装。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrueWhateveryousay(=),hewontbelieveyou.Wherever(=)yougo,Iwillgo.Whoever(=)youare,youmustobeytherules.While在正式文体中，也可以引导让步状语从句，如：WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idontagreethattheycantbesolved.比较状语从句than,as.asHeistallerthanI(am)Tomisasoldas

24、hisbrother(is).Hestudiesharderthanweexpect.IadmireandrespectyoumorethanIcansay.翻译下面的句子：Ilikeyoubetterthanhe(likesyou)Iknowyoubetterthan(Ido)herthan为从属连词,引导比较状语从句，因此后面跟人称代词的主格形式，谓语动词通常省略than做介词，则可以跟人称代词的宾格。思考：as有哪些用法，你知道吗?请你写在下面的横线上：真题汇总：09真题（2009安徽卷）一Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.-Thefirstt

25、woarefreethethirdcosts$30.A.whileB.untilC.whenD.before（2009北京卷）Johnplaysbasketballwell,hisfavoritesportisbadminton.A.soB.orC.yetD.for（2009北京卷）Youmayusetheroomasyoulikeyoucleanitupafterwards.A.sofarasB.solongasC.incaseD.evenif（2009福建卷）Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthe

26、pianoyesterday.A.whenB.whileC.afterD.since（2009湖南卷）thepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnotarresthim.A.AlthoughB.AslongasC.IfonlyD.Assoonas（09江苏卷）unemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcanbeassumedthatthelatterisduetotheformer.A.BeforeB.WhereC.UnlessD.Until（09江西卷Acco

27、rdingtostatistics,amanismorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerawoman.A.thanB.suchC.soD.as（09辽宁卷）Itjustisntfair.Iwasworkingasawaiterlastmonth,myfriendswerelyingonthebeach.A.wheneverB.thoughC.forD.while（09辽宁卷）PetersjacketlookedjustthesameasJacks,butitcosthis.A.asmuchtwiceasB.twiceasmuchasC.muchastwice

28、asD.astwicemuchas（09全国II）Allthedishesinthismenu,otherwisestated,willservetwotothreepeople.A.asB.ifC.thoughD.unless（09山东卷）Shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?itdoesntmin.A.UntilB.WhileC.OnceD.If（09陕西卷）MyparentsdontmindwhatjobIdoIamhappy.AeventhoughBassoonasCaslongasDasthough（09上海卷）TheGreatWallistouristattra

29、ctionthatmillionsofpeoplepourineveryyear.A.soawell-knownB.asowell-knownC.suchwell-knownaD.suchawell-known（09上海卷）Youcantborrowbooksfromtheschoollibraryyougetyourstudentcard.A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.as（2009四川卷）OwenwouldnteatanythinghecookedithimselfA.untilB.sinceC.unlessD.while（2009四川卷）Myuncleshouseinthed

30、owntownareaismuchsmallerthanours,butitistwiceexpensive.A.asB.soC.tooD.very（2009浙江卷）Theincomesofskilledworkerswentup.,unskilledworkerssawtheirearningsfall.AMoreoverB.ThereforeC.MeanwhileD.Otherwise（2009浙江卷）Themedicineworksmoreeffectivelyyoudrinksomehotwateraftertakingit.AasBuntilCalthoughDif（2009重庆卷）

31、PeterwassoexcitedhereceivedaninvitationfromhisfriendtovisitChongqing.A.whereB.thatC.whyD.when08真题Allpeople,theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.（2008重庆B）A.evenifB.whetherC.nomatterD.howeverYoudbetternotleavethemedicinekidscangetatit.（2008山东）A.evenifB.

32、whichC.whereD.sothatIusedtolovethatfilmIwasachild,butIdontfeelitthatwayanymore.（2008辽宁卷）A.onceB.whenC.sinceD.althoughLaterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.（2008江西卷）A.whereB.whenC.whoD.whichHaveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?Yes,

33、Imgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.（2008安徽卷）A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.IfpossibleNancyenjoyedherselfsomuchshevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.（2008福建）A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereTheartistwasbornpoor,poorheremainedallhislife.（2008重庆）A.andB.orC.butD.soWellhaveapicnicintheparkthisSundayitrains

34、oritsverycold.（2008天津卷）A.sinceB.ifC.unlessD.untilThereweresomechairsleftovereveryonehadsatdown.（2008四川卷）A.whenB.untilC.thatD.whereInsomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoneymenworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.（2008四川卷）A.butB.whileC.becauseD.thoughHefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,hiseyesightwasbeginni

35、ngtofail（2008山东）A.thoughB.forC.butD.soAsmallcarisbigenoughforafamilyofthreeyouneedmorespaceforbaggage.（全国卷II）A.onceB.becauseC.ifD.unlessHaveyougotanyideaforthesummervacation?Idontmindwherewegotheressun,seaandbeach.（2008全国卷1）A.asitB.aslongasC.nowthatD.inorderMyEnglishteachershumorwasmakeeverystudentb

36、urstintolaughter.（2008江西卷）A.soastoB.suchastoC.suchthatD.sothatIthoughtwedbelatefortheconcert,weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.（2008湖南卷）A.butB.orC.soD.fortheInternetisofgreathelp,Idontthinkitsagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.（2008湖南卷）A.IfB.WhileC.BecauseD.AsDidyoureturnFredscall?IdidntneedtoIllseehimt

37、omorrow.（2008北京卷）A.thoughB.unlessC.whenD.becauseImsorryyouvebeenwaitingsolong,butitllstillbesometimeBriangetback.（2008北京卷）A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.afterDoyouhaveaminute?Ivegotsomethingtotellyou.Ok,youmakeitshort.（2008安徽卷）A.nowthatB.ifonlyC.solongasD.everytimePleaseremindmeofthemeetingagaintomorrowIfor

38、get.（2008上海春招）A.thoughtB.sothatC.incaseD.until17.thisisonlyasmalltown,itscrowdedwithtouristswhocomehereallyearround.（2008上海春招）A.SinceB.UnlessC.OnceD.Although-AreyoureadyforSpain?-Yes,Iwantthegirlstoexperiencethattheyareyoung.（20XX年上海卷）A.whileB.untilC.ifD.beforewellpreparedyouare,youstillneedalotoflu

39、ckinmountainclimbing.（20XX年上海卷）A.HoweverB.WhateverC.NomatterD.Although07真题Iwontcallyou,somethingunexpectedhappens.2007全国卷IA.unlessB.whetherC.becauseD.whileWeallknowthat,thesituationwillgetworse.2007全国卷IA.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwi

40、thhehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.2007全国卷IIA.IfB.SinceC.ThoughD.WhenPopmusicissuchanimportantpartofsocietyithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.2007上海卷A.asB.thatC.whichD.whereSmallsailboatscaneasilyturnoverinthewatertheyarenotmanagedcarefully.2007上海卷A.thoughB.beforeC.untilD.ifIreallydontlikeart,

41、Ifindhisworkimpressive.2007山东卷AAsBSinceCIfDWhileThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtimewemeetthemagain.2007安徽卷A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.whenLeaveyourkeywithaneighbor_youlockyourselfoutoneday2007北京卷A.eversinceB.evenifC.soonafterD.incaseThevillagehasdevelopedalotwelearnedfar

42、mingtwoyearsago.2007福建卷A.whenB.whichC.thatD.whereYouwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewyouhaveconfidence.2007福建卷A.beforeB.onceC.untilD.thoughMostbirdsfinditsafetosleepinthetrees,buttheyhaveeggsoryoungchicks,theydontuseanest.2007湖南卷A.whyB.howC.unlessD.whereHewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonthshecou

43、ldreceoverandretumtowork.2007江西卷A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.thatthereisasnowstormorsomeotherbadweal.her,themailalwayscomesontime.2007上海春ABecauseBIfCWhenDUnlesstomorrow,ourshipwillsetsailforMacao.2007上海春AHowevertheweatherislikeBHoweveristheweatherlikeCWhateveristheweatherlikeDWhatevertheweatherislikeItisd

44、ifficultforustolearnalessoninlifeweveactuallyhadthatlesson.2007天津A.untilB.afterC.sinceD.whenManyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,theyknewittobevaluable.2007浙江A.asifB.nowthatC.eventhoughD.sothatMyparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehousethereisapowerout.2007重庆卷A.ifB.unlessC.incaseD.sothatWehadtowaithalfanhourwehadalreadybookedatable.2007辽宁卷A.sinceB.althoughC.untilD.before参考答案：二1.可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；主句和从句发生的动作同时发生，也可以主句所表示的动作发生在从句之后。这时，当时，那时候;was/weredoing.when.;beabouttodo.when;beonthepointofdoing.when;hadjustdone