大英帝国的历史

1、The History of the United Kingdomby Ave Arak and Epp JrissonSupervisors: T.Pukk and M.MaasenViljandi 2002C.R Jakobson Gymnasium1IntroductionThe British Isles have a rich history going back thousands of years.The history of the United Kingdom includes also the history of England, Scotland, Wales and

2、Northern Ireland. The history is full of invaders, wars, rulers. 2History4000 - 1500 BCstone age man, the first farmers, Stonehenge1500 BC - 43 ADthe age of hill forts and the Celts43 AD - 410 ADRoman Britain, they came, they saw, they conquered410 - 1066the Romans left, the Anglo Saxons arrived, th

3、e Normans conquered31066 - 1154the Normans consolidate their conquest1154 - 1485the Middle Ages1485 - 1603Henry VIII, Elizabeth I and the Tudors1603 - 1660the divine right of kings to rule, then chop off their heads41660 - 1715Restoration and Revolution, the beginning of Empire1715 - 1815The German

4、Georges rule Britain1600 - 1783Britain in North America - we would rather forget 1815 - 1914Peace and prosperity, the growth of Empire51914 - 1918 The First World War, carnage without a cause1918 - 1939 The after effects of World War I, the General Strike1939 - 1945World War II 1945 - 2000 Post War

5、Britain - loses an Empire, looks for the role6The Kings and Queens Until 1603 the English and Scottish Crowns were separated. Following the Accession of King James VI of Scotland (I of England) to the English Throne. From the end of the 17th century, monarchs lost executive power and they became sub

6、ject to Parliament, resulting in todays constitutional Monarchy.7The best known Queen: Elizabeth gave the name to a golden age of poets, statesmen and adventurers. Known as the Virgin Queen, or Gloriana.Queen Elizabeth I1533 - 1603 8The best known King:Claims to the throne of France led to the Hundr

7、ed Years War and the loss of almost all the large English territory in France. Eduard III1312-13779The Historical Flag When King James VI of Scotland ascended to the English throne, thereby becoming James I of England, the national flags of England and Scotland on land continued to be.by Graham Bart

8、ramFlag adopted 1 January 180110Flag crossesThe Union Jack/Flag includes the Cross of St. George (England), the Cross of St. Andrew (Scotland) and the Cross of St. Patrick (Ireland). 11The Map of UKHere we can see all the countries of United Kingdom12The Most Important WarsThe Hundred Years War 1336

9、-1565Wars of the Roses 1455-1487Civil War 1642-1645Boer War 1901-1902World War I 1914-1918World War II 1939-1945 13Walesa Celtic land of mountains and coal14Northern IrelandIt is clear today that the Irish problem has not been solved. Northern Protestants feel they have a right to determine their ow

10、n future democratically. Northern Catholics feel they have the right to be part of a united Ireland. 15ScotlandAn English army arrived to relieve the Scots siege of Stirling. Bruce defeated the English army under Edward II, who was lucky to escape with his life. The Scots victory at the Battle of Ba

11、nnockburn secured complete Scots independence.16EnglandEngland has always played an important role in the world economy and business.17Historical Monumentthe name of a very remarkable ancient monument in England It consists of a great collection of stones Stonehedge18The Historical Big BenBig Ben is one of Londons best-known landmarks. It houses the House of Parliament.19Summary The h