+Unit+1+Review+useful+structures课件-2021-2022学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

1、UNIT 1SCIENCE FICTIONReview the passive voice被动语态了解被动语态结构;能够正确理解并运用被动语态；不能用被动语态的几种情况；主动形式表被动意义的情况。Learning objectivesI.Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.1. It was going to be tested out by Lorrys wife, Cl

2、aire.2. . , but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed.3. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.4. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, .5. As he was not allowed to acco

3、mpany her to the shops, .6. The saleswoman there was rude to her, so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.7. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. 8. Tony expected that the house, which was being completely transformed, would be ready.Grouping：1.2.7 51. It was going to

4、 be tested out by Lorrys wife, Claire.2. . , but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed.7. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. 不定式的被动 to be done5. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, .过去时的被动 waswere done3. Now she was being looke

5、d after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.4. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, .6. The saleswoman there was rude to her, so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.8. Tony expected that the house, which was being comp

6、letely transformed, would be ready.过去进行时的被动 waswere being doneYou are invited to make a speech in our school.A new bike was bought for me by my parents as a gift last week.It is said that the meeting will be held at 8：00 am tomorrow.He was being punished for being late by the head teacher.The life o

7、f the milu deer is being studied by specialists at present.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan.The work will have been finished by the end of next month.现在时的被动isamare done过去时的被动waswere

8、 done将来时的被动will be done过去完成时的被动had been done将来完成时的被动will have been done现在完成时的被动hashave been done现在进行时的被动isamare being done过去进行时的被动waswere being done一、被动语态的基本时态变化（be done, be有各种时态变化）时体现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be done进行is/am/are being donewas/were being don

9、e完成have/has been donehad been donewill/shall have been donewould/shouldhave been done(1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。The baby should be taken good care of by the babysitter.被动语态的特殊结构形式：(4)在使役动词have，make，get以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。Someone saw

10、a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen to walk into the building.(5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.【学以致用1】单句语法填空On t

11、he last day of our weeklong stay，we _ (invite)by them to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will _ (install) by 2023 for the event.Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，_ (regard) as one of the bes

12、t allround forms of exercise. I dont think aliens can _ (find) in space.were invitedhave been installedis regardedbe found二、不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态：appear, disappear, break out, come true, run out, date back, happen, go on, take place, belong to。(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last；hold；benefit；conta

13、in；equal；fit等。(3)表示归属的动词，如have；own；belong to等。(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish；want；hope；like；love等。【学以致用2】单句语法填空Both our countries _.我们两国都属于第三世界。The wind is changing round, so the storm _.风正在转向，因此暴风雨不会持续太长的时间。belong to the Third Worldwont last long三、主动形式表被动意义的情况(1)英语中有很多动词如 break；catch；clean；drive；lock；open；

14、sell；read；write；wash；measure; wear; move;cook;shut等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征属性时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.The door wont shut.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock.(指门本身有毛病)The door wont be locked.(指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人的原因)(2)表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词与短语，如：happen；last；ta

15、ke place；break out；come out；come about；come true；run out；give out；turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例：How do the newspapers come out?(3)系动词没有被动形式， 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel；sound；taste; look; smell; remain等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例：Your reason sounds reasonable.(4)在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。

16、常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。 The question is difficult to answer. (the question与answer之间主动关系)Volleyball is very interesting to watch.(volleyball与watch之间主动关系)补充（5）当want, need, require 表示“需要”时，其宾语可用动词-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。 eg The

17、 carpet really wants cleaning (= to be cleaned). Most house plants require watering (= to be watered).（6）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The picturebook is well worth reading.The picturebook is very worthy to be read.补充【学以致用3】单句语法填空As time went on, Einsteins theory _ (prove)

18、 correct.It is said that pandas _ (disappear) in our country year after year.Great changes _ (take) place in my home town and a lot of factories _ (set) up in the past decade.I like the material because it _ (feel) vedare disappearinghave takenhave been setfeels随堂训练巩固提升C.用所给单词的适当形式填空1Differe

19、nt types of teas _ (taste) by skilled teatasters before appearing in the Tea Trade Centre.2Today, the forests have almost gone. People must _ (stop) from cutting down too many trees.3Chinese kites in ancient times _ (design) in the shape of birds.4This is one of the highest buildings that _ (build)

20、in our city recently.were tastedbe stoppedwere designedhave been built5Its great that all the visitors who _(trap) on the island were saved.6They havent moved into the new house because it _ (decorate) now.7I want to buy that kind of cloth because I have been told the cloth _(wash) well.8The first t

21、extbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language _ (come) out in the 18th century.9Please wear your best clothes on Monday, as your class photos _ (take) then.10. English _ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries.had been trappedis

22、 being decoratedwashescamewill be takenhas changed.单句写作1He _ in the story when he _ by a loud noise.他正沉浸在故事中，这时被一阵巨响吓到了。2The coat _ cotton.这件外衣是棉制的。3The workers _ 12 hours a day.工人们被迫一天工作12小时。was absorbedwas frightenedis made ofwere/are made to work4Our homework _ on time.作业应该准时上交。5The girl _to the

23、railway station, only to find the guests _.女孩匆忙赶到火车站，却发现客人已经被接走了。should be handed inhurriedhad been picked up.语法填空The novel coronavirus disease (COVID19) hit Wuhan，China，in early 2020，with the number of infected people 1. _ (rise) rapidly across the country.The viral disease that swept into most cou

24、ntries around 2. _ globe and killed thousands of people was officially characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation，on 11 March,2020. COVID19，3. _ was reported，is genetically similar 4. _ the known bat coronaviruses.Wild animals sold for food were 5. _ (original) suspected to be the

25、intermediary hosts of COVID19 because many of the individuals 6. _ (find) infected by the virus were workers at Huanan Seafood Market.The outbreak promoted a ban on the trade and 7. _ (consume) of wild animals in China.The Chinese government and people demonstrated their responsibility with 8. _ (pr

26、actice) actions.A strict national prevention and control program was swiftly put in place.Two specialized hospitals were built in less than 15 days.9. _ (guarantee) that no family in need was left unattended to，community workers left no stone unturned in checking on every block.In those toughest day

27、s，donations in cash and kind 10. _ (make) to help battle the disease.Thanks to the joint efforts，everything is getting better and better.【语篇解读】本文介绍了新冠肺炎的暴发，分析了可能的原因并且介绍了中国政府为阻止病毒的蔓延所采取的措施。1rising考查非谓语动词。根据空前的with，可知此处使用with的复合结构：with宾语宾语补足语。the number of infected people和rise是主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填rising。2th

28、e考查冠词。around the globe意为“全球”。故填the。3as考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，as was reported意为“正如媒体报道”。故填as。4to考查固定搭配。be similar to为固定搭配，意为“和相似”。故填to。5originally考查副词。修饰动词suspected，应用副词。故填originally。6found考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰individuals，且和individuals为动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填found。7consumption考查名词。空处和trade并列，作on的宾语，故填名词，且consumption

29、为不可数名词。故填consumption。8practical考查词性转换。修饰名词actions，应用形容词。故填practical。9To guarantee考查非谓语动词。空处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填To guarantee。10were made考查时态和语态。本文主要使用一般过去时，且主语donations和make是动宾关系。故填were made。2.Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences

30、into Chinese.1.What is done cannot _. (undo)2.Janet _chairwoman of the student union last month, (elect)3.Two hundred grammes of flour should _to the cake mix. (add)4.A 3,000-seat venue _for the circus performance in November, (build)5.Working efficiency_since this new software was adopted. (improve

31、)be undonewas electedbe addedwas built /will be builthas been improvedTextbook Page52.Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.6.Only one piece of carry-on luggage_for each economy class passenger, (allow)7.It is a gre

32、at honour for me to _to address this international Al conference, (invite)8.When I entered the room, I found that the salesmans salary_at the meeting, (discuss)9.With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination

33、, He is expected to _to a top university.(admit)is allowedbe invitedwas being discussedbe admitted3.Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.Science fiction _by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and _. The Three-Body Problem, _by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first vol