中英语言对比

1、关于中英语言对比第一张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Read the following sentences and figure out what they mean.女子体态娴静美好姽,闲体行姽姽也。从女,危声。犹頠之为头,娴习也。说文 既姽婳于幽静兮,又婆娑乎人间。宋玉神女赋 Paith hareted tha orata, teret ita, yea gotre tha merar. guiweipo suo第二张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Questions for DiscussionDo you think which language is easier

2、 to learn, Chinese or English? Why?Do the Chinese strokes convey meaning? For example, what does it mean by the stroke (笔画) “丿”? Do the English letters convey meaning? For example, what does it mean by “W”? 第三张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Chinese is largely an ideographic (表意) language.第四张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6

3、月象形字Pictographic characters会意字Associative compounds 指事字Self-explanatory characters形声字phonogram抬，踢，吃，泳转注字:颠与顶，窍与空Mutually explanatory or synonymous假借字：命令与县令Phonetically loaned characters第五张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Phonograms form the biggest category of the Chinese characters. Characters of this category

4、can be viewed as composed of radicals (义符) and the phonetic component (声符). 扌亢radicalphonetic component第六张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月What does the radical “竹” mean in the characters like “笑”and ”笨”？How about ”王” in “球”？Does “每” function as the phonetic component in the character “海”？And “工” in “江”, “杠”and

5、“扛”？第七张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月儒：熟悉诗书礼乐为贵族服务的术士，其名本寓柔义。嚅：柔弱胆怯，欲言又止貌。孺：弱小之人，幼儿。蠕：虫类柔软的身体缓慢、柔和地爬行。濡：柔弱，柔软。嬬：柔弱。薷：药草，柔软植物。壖：疏松柔软的土地。懦：性格软弱。糯：粘性、软性的麦子，其名亦寓柔软义。第八张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月The history of Chinese charactersChinese charactersInscriptions carved on oracle-bones and tortoise shells (甲骨文)Inscription on

6、 ancient bronze objects (金文)The style of calligraphy adopted in the Qin Dynasty (大篆小篆)The style of calligraphy adopted in the Han Dynasty (小篆)The regular style (楷书)第九张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月The number of Chinese charactersChinese has 500,000 meaningful morphemes, which are generally characters, of whic

7、h about 7000 are in common use. 第十张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月English is basically a phonographic (表音) language.第十一张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月The English letters are phonemes and they do not convey any meaning.What does it mean by “w”?When the phonemes represented by the letters form a morpheme, it can take mean

8、ing.What does it mean by “-wards”?第十二张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月V-belt: 三角皮带T-strap: 丁字鞋口U-turn: 180度转弯V-neck: 鸡心领子ABC:American Born ChineseAdvanced Booking CharterAustralian Broadcasting Corporation I think her passion for you is based on two factors: A, you look good; B, you are smart. 第十三张，PPT共三十四页，创作于

9、2022年6月The number of English wordsThe Oxford English Dictionary contains 450,000 words. But William Shakespeare used a vocabulary of only about 20,000 words. 第十四张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Intermedius summary English letters are just like strokes in Chinese.English morphemes are like Chinese radicals. Chin

10、ese associative compound characters are like English compound words. 第十五张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Question:Have you any idea why there are more English words in common use than Chinese characters? 第十六张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月The formation of English wordsSimple wordsIndependent morphemes: boy girl, handDeriv

11、ative wordsAffixation: kicks, apples, anti-terrorism, woolenCompound wordsHandbag, second-hand第十七张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月The relation between Chinese characters and words.第十八张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Grammatical HierarchymorphemewordphraseclausesentencetextChinese character褒禅山亦谓之华山，唐浮图慧褒始舍于其址，而卒葬之； 褒禅山也称为华山

12、。唐代和尚慧褒当初在这里筑室居住，死后又葬在那里； a pretty girl唐代的第十九张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Replace: re-+place?placere爽直：直+爽？爽直Replace: re-+place?placere上当上了一个大当吃饭吃过饭了吹牛吹什么牛打架打起架来头发披头散发早晨锻炼晨练 颠来倒去颠倒Compare the following examplesChinese words are more discrete (离散) than English Words.第二十张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Characters are gen

13、erally viewed as the basic unit of the Chinese language, while in English the basic unit with independent meaning is word. There is no restriction in collocation of characters except idiomatic usage. Characters in words can be reversed to form new words. Characters can be inserted into “separated-un

14、ited words”. Words can be expanded or contracted without changing meaning.第二十一张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Multinomes （连绵词）Binomes: 琵琶、枇杷、蜘蛛、伶俐、仓促、惆怅 坎坷、慷慨（天翻地覆慨而慷） 哆嗦、霹雳、逍遥、唠叨、灿烂、苗条 蝴蝶、珊瑚、蝌蚪、蜈蚣、蚯蚓、袈裟 奶奶（我奶叫我送来的。）、太太、姥姥、 猩猩、蛐蛐Trinomes: 白兰地、萨其马、马拉松Multinomes: 奥林匹克、盖世太保第二十二张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Riddles开头 千里相逢无

15、人入伍一字千口，人人都有。What is it that occurs once in a second, once in a month, yet not at all in a year or a week?Why is the letter A like honeysuckle (金银花)?一重五舌The letter N.Because a B follows it. 第二十三张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Intermedius summaryIn forming words, Chinese characters are more elastic than English

16、 morphemes. 第二十四张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Motivation of words: Why do words look and sound like what they look and sound? 第二十五张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Motivation of word creationAPPLEPEARIn a sense, any language, especially its vocabulary, is very arbitrary. 第二十六张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Motivation of word creati

17、onMEWBANGOn the other hand, there is some motivation behind the creation of words.第二十七张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Motivation of word creationMotivation is the gene of the life of a language. It is the rational basis of the inception and development of the code of a language. Phonetic MorphologicalSemanticP

18、hilological 第二十八张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Phonetic motivationmew, bang, drip-drop, click, clank, tick鸭，鸦，猫，蛙，筝，金，萧，滴澎湃，咕噜，骨碌，铿锵第二十九张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Morphological motivationgirl girls; teach teacher; large larger largest;be being; kick kicked老-：老王，老李，老张-儿：花儿，朵儿，莺儿，燕儿准-：准妈妈，准爸爸，准丈母娘后-：后张艺谋时代，后达达主义，后现代画风第三十张，PPT共三十四页，创作于2022年6月Philological and semanti