英语常用专有名词

1、v1.0可编辑可修改(一)第一部分：中华文明 Chinese civilization sivilaizei ? ? n 文明摇篮 cradle of civilization华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin皇太后 Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦 founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin夏朝 Xia Dynasty明清两代(of) Ming and Qing dynasties地名：特别注意四川和陕西拼法四川

2、 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan陕西 Shaanxi四大发明 the four great inventions of ancientChina 火药 gunpowderER刷术 printing造名氏术paper-making指南针 the compass汉字 Chinese character单音节 single syllable汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters阳平 level tone阴平 rising tone上声 falling-rising tone去声 falling tone四书 the Four Bo

3、oks大学The Great Learning中庸The Doctrineof the Mean论语The Analectsof Confucius孟子The Mencius春秋the Spring and Autumn Annals史记Historical Records诗经The Books of Songs; The Book of Odes书经The Books of Historyv1.0可编辑可修改易经I Ching; The Book of Changes礼记The Book of Rites孝经Book of Filial Piety孙子兵法The Art of War三字经T

4、he Three-Character Scripture; The Three-Word Chant三国演义Three Kingdoms西游记Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West红楼梦Dream of the Red Mansions山海经The Classic of Mountains and Rivers资治通鉴 History as a Mirror; Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers西厢记The Romance of West Chamber水浒传 Heroes of

5、 the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin聊斋志异 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio围城Fortress Besieged阿 Q 正传The True Story of Ah Q五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstandi

6、ng folk arts文物 cultural relics中国画 traditional Chinese painting书法 calligraphy水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting中国结 Chinese knot旗袍 Cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunicsuit唐装 traditional Chinese garments (clothing); Tang suit朝廷使者 royal court envoy文人 men of

7、letters雅士 refined scholarsv1.0可编辑可修改表演艺术 performing art现代流行艺术 popular art, pop art纯艺术high art高雅艺术refined art电影艺术 cinematographic art戏剧艺术 theatrical art才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies生（男性正面角色）male （the positive male role）旦（女性正面角色）female （the positive female role）净（性格鲜明的男性配角）a supporting mal

8、e role with striking character丑（幽默滑稽或反面角色）a clown or a negative role花脸 painted role歌舞喜剧musical滑稽场面，搞笑小噱头shtick滑稽短剧skit京剧人物脸谱 Peking Opera Mask皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show说书 story-telling叠罗汉 make a human pyramid折子戏 opera highlights踩高跷stilt walk哑居 ij pantomime; mime哑剧演员pantomimist戏剧小品skit马

9、戏 circus show单 口 相声 monologue comic talk, standup comedy特技表演stunt相声 witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk杂技 acrobatics京韵大鼓 the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment秦月空 Shaanxi opera武术 martial artv1.0可编辑可修改功夫kung fu武术派 styles or schools of martial art习武健身 practice mar

10、tial art for fitness气功 qigong, deep breathing exercises拳击boxing篆亥U seal cutting upriteous工艺, 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship卷轴scroll蜡染batik泥人 clay figure漆画 lacquer painting唐三彩 Trio -colored glazedpotteryof the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonn e文房四宝 The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study - a writi

11、ng brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper民间传说folklores寓言fable传说legend神话 mythology古为今用,洋为中用 make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china赋诗 inscribe a poem对对联 matching an antithetical couplet阳历 solar calendar公历 Gregorian calendar阴历 lunar calendar天干 heavenly stem地支 earthly branch闰年

12、leapyear二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms十二生肖 the twelve Chinese zodiacsigns本命年 ones year of birth considered in relation to the 12TerrestrialBranches 传统节日 traditional holidaysv1.0可编辑可修改春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)清明节 the Pure Brightness Festival

13、 / the Tomb-sweeping Day (Aprilthe 5th)端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)中秋节 the MoonFestival / the Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)重阳节 the Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day(二)第二部分：缩写词CIA-Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局ABC-American Broadcasting Corporationk ? :p

14、? re? ? n美国广播公司CCTV-China Central TelevisionFBI-Federal Bureau bj ? ? r? ? of Investigation联邦调查局NSA-National n ? ? n? l Security s ? kj ? ? r? t? Agency 国家安全局NASA-NationalAeronautics e ? r ? n ? :t ? ks and SpaceAdministration国家航空航天局APEC-Asian-Pacifice ? ? n Economic i:k ? n ? m? k Cooperationk? ? ? p? re ? ? n亚太经济合作组织ATM-Automatic ? :t ? m? t ? k Tellertel ? (r) machine 自动取款机BBS-Bulletinb ? l ? t ? n Board System 电子公告板CEO-Chieft ? i:f Executive ? ekj ? t? v Officer 首席执行官CFO-Chief Financialfa ? n? n? l Officer 首席财务官CPI-Consumer Price Index 全国居民消