英语词汇学自考题-6

1、英语词汇学自考题-6（总分：100.00 ,做题时间：90分钟）一、B I ./B（总题数：30,分数：30.00）I.Lexicology inquires into the and meanings of words.A. relationsB. disciplinesC. originsD. development（分数：1.00）V解析：解析Lexicology is a., inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.词汇学研究词汇的起源和意义。答案为Co2.The reason for that more and more di

2、fferences occur between sound and form is that the English alphabet was adopted from the.A.PacificsB.GermanicsC.CelticsD.Romans（分数：1.00）V解析：解析With the development of the language, more and more differences occur between thetwo. The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted fr

3、om the Romans.随着语言发展，声音和形式之间的差异越来越大。产生这一差异的内在原因是英语拼写采用了罗马字母。答 案为D。3. are words or forms that were once in commonuse but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. NeologismsB. ArchaismsC. JargonsD. Terminologies（分数：1.00）A.V解析：解析Archaisms are words or forms that were once in common use

4、but are now restrictedonly to specialized or limited use.古语词是指过去曾经广泛使用而现在仅限于某些特殊用法的词。答案为Bo4.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3000 （some put it 5000） languages, which canbe grouped into roughly language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B.

5、4000C. 300D.2000（分数：1.00）V解析：解析It is assumed that the world has approximately 3000（some put it 5000）languages, which can be grouped into roughly 300 language families on the basis of similarities in their basicword stock and grammar.据估计，世界上约有 3000多种（有人认为有5000种）语言。这些语言可以根据他们的基本词汇和语法的相似性大致划为300个谱系。答案为

6、Co5.The introduction of at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the Englishvocabulary.A. printingB. ChristianityC. French wordsD. all the above（分数：1.00）V解析：解析The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary. 6世纪末基督教的传人给英语词汇带来了很大影响。答案为Bo6.The Norman Conquest s

7、tarted a continual flow of French words into English.of them are still in use today.A. Eighty-five percentB. Fifty-six percentC. Seventy-two percentD. Seventy-five percent（分数：1.00） A.V解析：解析Between 1250 and 1500 about 9,000 words of French origin poured into English. Seventy five percent of them are

8、still in use today.从1250年到1500年约有9000个法语词汇进入到英语中，其中75%仍在使用。答案为 D。7.means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.A.CreationB.Semantic changeC.BorrowingD.Derivation（分数：1.00） A.V解析：解析semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need. 旧词新义是指赋予旧有词汇

9、新的含义以满足新的需要。答案为B。8.Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include.A.bound rootsB.inflectional affixesC.derivational affixesD.all the above（分数：1.00）V解析：解析Bound morphemes include two types : bound root and affix. Affix can be put into two groups: inflectional and derivational affixes.粘附词素有两类：

10、粘附词根和词缀。词缀又可分为两组：内部屈折词缀和派生词缀。答案为Do9.Of the following word-formation processes,is the most productive.A.clippingB.blendingC.initialismD.derivation（分数：1.00）A.V解析：解析现在有许多种结构方式， 如词缀法(affixation) 、复合法(compounding)、转类法(conversion) 拼缀法(blending)、截短法(dipping)等。其中，用词缀法构词又叫派生词 (derivation),是最多产的构词 方式。答案为D。10.

11、Which of the following prefixes can not be used to indicate time and order?A. Ex-.B. Fore-.C. Post-.D. Para-.（分数：1.00）A.V解析：解析前缀para-表示“半，在旁边”，因此不是表示时间和顺序的。答案为 D。11.The differences between compounds and free phrases show in aspects.A.phonetic featuresB.semantic featuresC.grammatical featuresD.all th

12、e above(分数：1.00)V解析：解析Compounds differ from free phrases in the following three aspects: (1)Phoneticfeatures ： (2)Semantic features ； (3)Grammatical features.复合词和自由词组的区别表现在以下方面: 语音特点；(2)语义特点；(3)语法特点。答案为 Do12.Which of the following words is not formed through clipping?A. Dorm.B. Motel.C. Gent.D. Zoo.

13、(分数：1.00)VC.D.解析：解析dorm 截 自 dormitory , gent 截 自 gentlemen , zoo 截 自 zoological garden 。 而 motel 是通 过拼缀法形成的，源自motor（汽车）+hotel（宾馆）。答案为R13.Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of.A.prefixationB.suffixationC.acronymyD.conversion（分数：1.00）V解析：解析Back-formation is considered to be the op

14、posite of suffixation.逆生法被认为是后缀法的对立过程。答案为 Bo14.Unlike reference, sense denotes the relationships the language.A.insideB.outsideC.betweenD.out of（分数：1.00）V解析：解析Unlike reference, sense denotes the relationship inside the language.与所指不同的是，“语义”指的是语言内部的关系。答案为Ao15.refers to that part of the meaning of the

15、 word which indicates the following relationships such as word-class, tense meaning, etc.A.Lexical meaningB.Conceptual meaningC.Grammatical meaningsD.Associative meaning（分数：1.00）V解析：解析Grammatical meanings refer to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationsh

16、ips such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms.答案为 C。16.Normally, we classify styles into.A.general, neutral, informalB.formal, neutral, informalC.frozen, casual, intimateD.poetic, colloquial, slang（分数：1.00）V解析：解析People

17、normally classify styles into formal, neutral and informal.人们通常将文体分为正式、中性和非正式。答案为BoIn diachronic approach, other meanings apart from the primary meaning of a word were acquired by.A.extensionB.narrowingC.analogyD.all the above（分数：1.00）V解析：解析All the rest are derived later on from the primary meaning.

18、 These meanings were acquired by extension, narrowing, analogy, transfer, etc.答案为 D。18.The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether.A. they come from the same sourceB. they are correlated with one central meaningC. they are listed under one headword in a dictionaryD. all th

19、e above（分数：1.00）V解析：解析区分同形同音异义词和多义词的一个重要标准是看它们的词源，第二个是语义是否相关。第三个是在词典中多义词是列在同一个词条下的，而同形同音异义词则列入不同的词条。答案为D19.The way to define an antonym is based on.A.contradictionB.contrarinessC.oppositenessD.relativeness（分数：1.00）V解析：解析Antonyms are classified on the basis of semantic opposition.反义词是按语义相反的情况进行划分的。答案

20、为Co20.The meaning of picture changed by the mode of.A.extensionB.narrowingC.degradationD.elevation（分数：1.00）V解析：解析The word picture, which originally denoted mere painting, but now has cometo include drawings and even photographs. picture一词原意为绘画，现意为各种画，甚至连照片也包括在内。答案为Ao21.The meaning of fond changed fr

21、om foolish to affectionate by mode of.A.extensionB.narrowingC.elevationD.degradation（分数：1.00）V解析：解析Fond originally means foolish and now means affectionate. fond词的词义从“愚蠢”变为“喜爱”，可见 fond 一词的词义升格了。答案为Co.Extra-linguistic factors of word-meaning change include.A. historical reasonB.psychologicalreasonC.c

22、lass reasonD.all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. V解析：解析Extra-linguistic factors include historical reason, class reason and psychological reason.非语言因素包括历史原因、阶级原因和心理原因。答案为D。.Extra-linguistic context excludes.A.peopleB.timeC.placeD.clauses（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. V解析：解析Extra-linguistic context embraces the people

23、, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.非语言环境包括人物、时间、地点，甚至包括整个文化背景。答案为D。.may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words.A.GrammarB.ContextC.PronunciationD.Ambiguity（分数：1.00）A.B. VC.D.解析：解析Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words.语境在

24、新词的意义猜测中证明是极有价值的。答案为 Bo.Which is not true of idioms?A. They are grammatically analyzable.B. Their word order can not be inverted.C. An idiom is a semantic unity.D. The structure of an idiom is usually unchangeable.（分数：1.00） A. V解析:解析Each idiom is a semantic unity. Unlike free phrases, the structure

25、of an idiom isto a large extent unchangeable. The word order cannot be inverted. Many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.很多习语在语法上是不可拆分的。因此A项错误。答案为 A。26.are mainly proverbs and sayings.A. Idioms nominal in natureB. Idioms verbal in natureC. Idioms adverbial in natureD. Sentence idioms（分数：1.00） A.V

26、解析：解析sentence idioms are mainly proverbs and sayings.句式习语主要是谚语和格言。答案为DoIdioms manifest apparent rhetorical colouring which doesnt include.A. phonetic manipulationB. lexical manipulationC. stylistic manipulationD. figures of speech（分数：1.00）V解析：解析Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical colouring in such r

27、espects as of phonetic manipulation, lexical manipulation and figures of speech.习语在语音运用、 词7匚运用和修辞手段等方面表现出明显的修辞色彩。答案为Co28.The changes in constituents of idioms exclude.A.replacementB.addition or deletionC.repletionD.dismembering（分数：1.00）V解析：解析We may find changes in constituents of idioms: addition, d

28、eletion, replacement, position-shifting, dismembering, etc.答案为 C。29.The best-known unabridged dictionary is.A. Websters Third New International DictionaryB. The Word Book DictionaryC. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyD. The Encyclopedia Britannica（分数：1.00）V解析：解析The best-known unabridged dic

29、tionary is Websters Third NewInternational Dictionary. 答案为Ao30.American dictionaries contain more information in the main body than the British.A. grammaticalB. encyclopedicC. structuralD. lexical（分数：1.00）V解析：解析American dictionaries contain more encyclopedic information in the mian body than the Bri

30、tish.美国辞典在正文中比英国辞典包含更多的百科信息。答案为B。二、B n./B（ 总题数：10,分数：15.00）.From a 1 point of view, words can be studied at a point in time, disregarding whatever changes might be taking place.（分数：1.50）填空项 1: （正确答案：synchronic ）解析：解析From a synchronic point of view, words can be studied at a point in time, disregardi

31、ng whatever changes might be taking place.答案为 synchronic 。.As the invading tribes took over and settled in Britain, the Celtic languages gradually 1.（分数：1.50）填空项1: （正确答案：retreated ）解析：解析As the invading tribes took over and settled in Britain, the Celtic languages gradually retreated. 答案为 retreated 。

32、.Most morpheme are realized by single morphs like bird, tree, green, sad, want, etc. Words of this kind are called 1 words.（分数：1.50）填空项 1: （正确答案：monomorphemic）解析：解析Most morphemes are realized, by single morphs like bird, tree, green, sad, want, etc. Words of this kind are called monomorphemic words.

33、答案为 monomorphemic.The open 1 are the same in form as free phrases.（分数：1.50）填空项 1: （正确答案：combination ）解析：解析Open compounds are the same in form as free phrases.答案为 compoundso.A word is the 1 of form and meaning.（分数：1.50）填空项 1: （正确答案：combination ）解析：解析A word is the combination of form and meaning.答案为 c

34、ombination 。.Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its 1. （分数：1.50）填空项1: （正确答案：collocation ）解析：解析Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. 答案为 collocation 。.The vocabulary of a language is in constant change: old items drop out

35、, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal 1 of the whole set alter.（分数：1.50）填空项1: （正确答案：relations ）解析：解析The vocabulary of a language is in constant change: old items drop out, new itemscome in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal relations of the whole set alte

36、r.答案为 relations 。38.Observation shows that it is much more common for word meanings to change in 1 from neutralto pejorative than it is for them to go the other way. （分数：1.50）填空项 1: （正确答案：denotation ）解析：解析Observation shows that it is much more commorfor word meanings to change in denotation from neu

37、tral to pejorative than it is for them to go the other way.答案为 denotation 。.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in 1 relationship between the literal meaning ofeach word and the meaning of the idiom.（分数：1.50）填空项1: （正确答案：illogical ）解析：解析The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the illo

38、gical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.答案为 illogical 。.Dictionaries are closely related to 1, which explains why we make a general survey of English dictionaries in this course.（分数：1.50）填空项1: （正确答案：lexicology ）解析：解析Dictionaries are closely related to

39、 lexicology, which explains why we make a general survey of English dictionaries in this course.答案为 lexicology 。三、B m. /B（总题数：5,分数：15.00）41.terminology（分数：3.00） 正确答案：(Terminology consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine: photoscanning, hepatitis, i

40、ndigestion, etc.)解析：42.free morphemes(分数：3.00) 正确答案：(Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words, as each of them consists

41、 of a single free root.Therefore, we might as well say that free morphemes are free roots.)解析：43.acronyms(分数：3.00) 正确答案：(Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word.)解析：44.homonymy(分数：3.00) 正确答案：(Homonymsare generally defined as words different in meaning but eithe

42、r identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.)解析：.grammatical context(分数：3.00) 正确答案：(Grammatical context refers to the meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it Occurs.)解析：四、B W./B( 总题数：4,分数：20.00).Words of the basic word stock denote the most

43、 commonthings and phenomena of the world around us. Illustrate with examples the respects the words relating to.(分数：5.00) 正确答案：(Words of the basic word stock are usually related to the following respects: (1)Natural phenomena: rain, snow, fire, water, sun, moon, etc. (2)Human body and relations: hea

44、d, foot, hand, father, brother, etc. (3)Names of plants and animals: pine, grass, tree, sheep, cat, dog, etc.(4)Action, size, domain, state: come, go, good, young, cold, black, etc. (5)Numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions: one, you, etc.) 解析：.How do you distinguish compounds from free phra

45、ses? Give examples to support your point. (分数：5.00)正确答案：(1)Phonetic criterion stress pattern. In a compound, the stress usually falls on the first element whereas in a free phrase the stress occurs on the second element, e.g. green hand/gri: */(cornpound), /*/(free phrase). (2)Semantic criterion. Th

46、e meaning of a compound is generally different from the combination of the two elements whereas that of a free phrase is not, e. g. red tape as a compound means bureaucracy, but as a free phrase it means a tape that is red in colour. (3)Grammatical criterion. Each compound is a grammatical unit whic

47、h isinseparable, so generally no changes should occur within it, e. g. fine art cannot be changed into finer arts.) 解析：.Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.(分数：5.00)正确答案：(1)Absolute synonyms (complete synonyms) are words which are

48、identical in meaning in all its aspects . Absolute synonyms are rare in natural languages and restricted to highly specialized vocabulary, such as scarlet-fever/scarlatina in medicine. (2)Relativesynonyms(near-synonyms)are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality. For example, to change