【高考必备】最新高三总复习（专题攻略）之日常交际用语大全：高考英语常考的数词、代词及其用法Word版含答案精品原创

1、数词分两类:基数词和序数词。表示数目的词叫基数词，表示须序的词叫序数词。（一）数词数词主要分为基数词和序数词，先来看基数词的用法：1. 基数词一般可写成如345或three hundred and forty-five.2. 基数词一般是单数形式,但遇下列情况,常用复数:（1）与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scores of people 指许多人;（2）在一些表示一排或一组的词组里.例如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到了.（3）表示几十岁.（4）表示年代,用 in +the +数词复数.（5）在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如

2、Three fives is(are)fifteen.序数词的用法：序数词的缩写形式如first-1st second-2nd thirty-first-31st等。1. 倍数表示法（1）主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as.例如I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多.（2）主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length) of.例如:The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍.（3）主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+

3、 than.例如:The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%.（4）还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍。例如:The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍.2. 分数表示法的构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数词用复数。例如：1/3 one-third; 3/37 three and three-sevenths.

4、（二）代词的用法代词是用来指代人或事物的词。代词可分为下列八类：1. 人称代词( Personal Pronouns ) we , I , you , they, us, me, etc.2. 物主代词( Possessive Pronouns ) our, my ,your, their, his, her, etc.3. 反身代词(Reflective Pronouns) ourselves, myself, yourselves, yourself , herself , etc.4. 相互代词( Reciprocal Pronouns ) each other ,one another

5、 , etc.5. 指示代词( Demonstrative Pronouns ) this , that , these , those , such , etc.6. 疑问代词( Interrogative Pronouns ) what, when, who, where, whose, etc. 7. 关系代词( Relative Pronouns) what, when, who, where, whose , etc. 8. 不定代词( Indefinite Pronouns ) any , some ,every , many , much , a little , etc. （一

6、）人称代词人称代词分主格和宾格两种，前者在句子中担任主语，后者担任动词或介词的宾语。They study German. / Please pass me the ruler.1. 人称代词的用法（1）当代词成对地使用或一个代词与一个名词搭配使用时，两个部分的句法功能必须一致。Li Hong and I went shopping yesterday.It was our teacher who smoothed away the difference between you and me.注:人称代词的排列一般为：第二人称，第三人称，第一人称。you, he and I them and u

7、s如有其他代词时，其他代词排列于人称代词之后，如：he, I and some others（2）人称代词用作表语时，如说明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。If I were she, I would take your advice. I would share the room with you if you were him.2. It的用法（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。Where is the cat? Its in the kitchen. Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?My book is missing. I ca

8、nt find it anywhere.（2）用以代替指示代词this, that。Whats this? - Its a frog. /Whose pen is that? - Its mine.（3）表示时间，天气，距离等。A lovely day, isnt it? /Its two oclock. Its about two li from here to our school.（4）用作形式主语，形式宾语，代替不定式短语，动名词或从句。Its no use talking with him about that. It took me twenty minutes to get th

9、ere.We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.（5）用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语，宾语或状语），常用强调结构It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that(或who)。It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning.It was in the classroom that he told me about it.（二）物主代词形容词性物主代词只能作定语，例：My brot

10、her often does his homework in his room. 我的弟弟常在他房间里做作业。The newly-built house is our laboratory. 那幢新建的房子是我们的实验室。Anything has its character individually. 任何事物都有其各自的特征。名词性物主代词则可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语。它的意义= 形容词性物主代词+名词；或者说它相当于名词。例：His dictionary is English-Chinese, but mine is English-English. 他的词典是英汉的，我的是全英的。W

11、e each bought a new book. Yours is about management and mine is about the American history. 我们一人买了一本书。你的是关于管理的，我的是关于美国历史的。（三）反身代词的作用反身代词在句子中可作宾语：当它作动词宾语时，动作的执行者与承受者往往是同一个人或同一件事物；当它作介词by的宾语时，则表示强调。例：The prisoner killed himself by taking poison. 犯人服毒自杀了。He finished the work by himself. 他独自完成了那件工作。反身代词

12、在句子中也可作同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气,强调某人亲自、本人；这时它可能在名词、代词之后，也可能在句子末尾。例：The students will clean the classroom themselves. 学生们将自己打扫教室。I myself heard him say it . 我亲耳听他说的。（四）相互代词each other ,one another.前者通常指两者之间的“相互”，后者侧重三者或三者以上的“相互”，也可指两者之间的“相互”。（五）指示代词this/these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物；that/those 常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。进行比较时，t

13、hat可代替不可数名词或单数名词以避免重复；those 可代替复数名词以免重复。（六）疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句，其中what, which, whose兼有形容词特征，可以和名词连用。What job do you want to find? /Whose girl is she? Which subject is your best one?所有疑问代词都可以起名词作用，在句子中担任成分。Who told you? /Whom are you waiting for? Whose are those books?ks5uks5uKs5u在学习疑问代词时，对以下几组词注意区别：ks5uks5

14、uks5uks5uks5uks5u1. which和what两者均可与名词连用，就人或物提问。但是which一般用于有一定选择范围的情况，what用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。Which colour do you like-green, red, yellow or brown?What colour is her dress?What writers do you like best?2. which和who 两者都可作代词，它们的区别是不管选择的范围是大还是小，which一般用作指物。Which would you like to eat -steak or fish?Who

15、 won the game -Smith or Johnson ?当有一定选择范围时，which one代替who作宾语.Which one do you like better, your mother or your father?Which of可和人称代词或指人的名词连用,如：ks5uks5uks5uKS5UWhich of you has taken away my English book?3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等，除起连接作用外，还可以在从句中担当主语，宾语，定语，表语等成分。如：The qu

16、estion is who can operate the new machine.（引导表语从句-作主语）They asked whose idea this was.（引导宾语从句-作定语）When you are older, you can watch whatever programme you like.（引导宾语从句-作定语）Ill give my ticket to whoever wants it.（这里whoever可看成anyone who，orthe person who）.（七）关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词.关系代词有 who, whos

17、e, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词.（八）不定代词1. all / botha.both用于两个人或事物，all用于两个以上的人或事物，均可作主语。All (of us) like fruits.Both (of them) are good at English.b.用作同位语。作主语同位语时须注意它们的位置不同，位于行为动词之前；位于be动词之后。They all (或both) agreed with me.They are all (或both) very healthy.I know

18、them all (或both).2. one / it（人称代词）one 代替可数名词，表示上面所提到的那一类人或物中的一个，其复数形式带定语时用ones，不带定语时用some。而it则用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身，既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词。I dont have a watch but Im going to buy one（或some）.I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me.3. no one / noneno one 只用于指人，而none 既可指人也可指物。如果说若干人（物）之中一个也不，用none of,后接复数名词时，

19、谓语可以用复数，也可用单数；后接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。如：No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.None of them have（或has）arrived yet.（不用no one）None of the money is mine.4. some / any /no /every +（thing, one, body等。）some 类用于肯定句，any类用于否定和疑问句。I know nothing of what had happened to him.I have little rice, so I cant lend you a

20、ny.She is going to buy some new dresses.注:everyone和every one前者意思是每个人，与everybody同义，后面不可跟of短语，后者意思是每个人或物，后面跟of短语。试比较：everyone in the classroom（教室里的所有的人）every one of the children（这些孩子中的每一个）every one of the books（这些书中的每一本）5. 部分否定与全部否定：当all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整体意义的代词与否定词连用时，一般只表示部分否定，如果表示全部

21、否定，应该用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等.All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有学生上课都迟到的。(现代英语中常写成：Not all the students were late for the class.)None of the students were late for the class.没有一个学生上课迟到的。6. 具体地说明几个在使用代词时应注意的问题（1）指代必须准确无误我们知道代词是用来指代人或事物的词，那么如果在使用代词时指代不清楚，就会引起他人的误解、费解

22、、甚至不理解.例如：While carrying the paint can from the garage to the house, Marry was afraid that some of it might spill on her new skirt. 当玛莉从车库把油漆罐搬到屋里时，她担心油漆会溅到她的新裙子上。（2）关于人称代词、反身代词、物主代词在使用这三类代词时，我们要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数、及性和格的一致性。（3）物主代词形容词性物主代词只能作定语，例：My brother often does his homework in his room. 我的弟弟常在他房间里

23、做作业。The newly-built house is our laboratory. 那幢新建的房子是我们的实验室。Anything has its character individually. 任何事物都有其各自的特征。名词性物主代词则可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语。它的意义= 形容词性物主代词+名词；或者说它相当于名词。例：His dictionary is English-Chinese, but mine is English-English. 他的词典是英汉的，我的是全英的。We each bought a new book. Yours is about management

24、 and mine is about the American history. 我们一人买了一本书。你的是关于管理的，我的是关于美国历史的。（4）不定代词英文中主要有这样一些不定代词：every, each, both, all, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, 另外还有由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词，如：somebody, anything, nothing等。ks5uks5uks5uKS5U both , either 和

25、neither 这三个词都可以用来指两个人或两件事物，但各自的意义都不相同：both表示两个都、either表示两个中的任何一个、 neither表示两者都不 。它们在句中都分别可以作主语、宾语和定语，both还可以作同位语。 all 在谈到两个以上的人或事物时，或是不可数的事物时，我们都可以用all ；它在句中可以充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。另外，all指不可数的事物时还可以作表语；有时还可作副词用，例如：This is all he knew about it. （作表语）这就是他了解有关这件事的一切。They were all covered with dust. （作副词）他们身上尽

26、是尘土。Her clothes were all wet.（作副词）她的衣服全湿了。all 还可以用在一些词组中，如：all day (整天) all night (整夜) all this(所有这些) all the year round (整年) all day long (一天到晚) all the time (一直) each 和 every each和every 这两个词在中文里都有每一个的意思，但它们在句子里各自强调的侧重点却不同：every 从每一个个体着眼而强调整体；而each却是把一些东西一个一个地加以考虑，强调各个 。every只能作定语；each则可以作主语、宾语、定语和

27、同位语。另外，every可用于ks5u every other (或every +数词 ) + 名词 的结构中，表示每隔之意思：every other day 每隔一天 every three years 每隔三年every third year 每隔三年 every other line 每隔一行every ten miles每隔十哩 one作不定代词时有复数形式ones ，代替前面刚提到的人或事物以避免重复，还可以有自己的定语或冠词；另外还可以用来泛指人，例如：This problem is a difficult one. 这个问题是个不好解决的问题。I dont like colore

28、d envelopes. I like white ones. 我不喜欢花信封，我喜欢白的。This film is not as good as the one we saw last week .这片子没有我们上周看的好。Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.（泛指）谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 some 与any some 与any都相当于一些之意，但意思并不强，因此汉译时常可省去一些这样的字眼。它们作定语时多，这时候some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。在表示请求、建议、

29、反问或是希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用some而不用any。另外，some可与数词连用，表示大约的意思。如：Could you mind buying me some envelopes on your way to school? 你能在去上学的路上，帮我买几个信封吗？Will you give me some paper? 请给我一点纸。Some hundred teachers have moved into new houses. 约有百位教师搬进了新居。The bridge was built some two hundred years ago. 这座桥大约建于两百年前。 few, a few ; little, a little 的用法few和 a few以及 little和 a little 是两组差异相同词，但前一组用于可数名词，而后一组却用于不可数名词；另外few 与lit