高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文(含解析)(2021年整理)

1、（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为（2015-

2、2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）的全部内容。1/1071（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）专题16科普类说明文2018高考题D【2018全国I】Wemaythinkwereaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew，butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.Thatsbadnewsfortheenvironmen

3、tandourwalletsastheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing，CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtow

4、henwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s。Devicesweregroupedbygeneration-Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andboxsetTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones，andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsanderea

5、dersshowedupin2007。Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidntthrowoutouroldones.”Thelivingroomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekidsroom,andsuddenlyoneday，youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.Werenotjustkee

6、pingtheseolddeviceswecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbittsteam，olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegas2/1072（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）emissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat

7、sthesolution（解决方案）？Theteamsdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing。TheyfoundthatmoreondemandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscou

8、ldcutenergyconsumptionby44%。32。Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironmentfriendly.B。Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome。D。Theygooutofstylequickly.33。WhydidBabbittsteamconducttheresearch？A.Toreducethecostofminerals。B。Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C。Toupdateconsumersonnewte

9、chnology。D。Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices。34。Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy？A。Thebox-setTV.C。TheLCDTV.B.Thetablet。D.Thedesktopcomputer.35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A。Stopusingthem.C.Upgradethem.B.Takethemapart.D.Recyclethem.【答案】32.A33.D34。B35。A【解析】本文

10、是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者主张使用新电子设备.3/1073（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）33.细节理解题.根据文章第二段中的Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife可知，Babbittst

11、eam研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电.故选D。34.细节理解题.根据文章最后一段中的Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%。可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低44的耗能。故选B。35。推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知,因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备.故选A。点睛：熟悉比较句型是彻底理解本文的关键，也是解题的关键.本文中的比较句型：1.Thatsbadn

12、ewsfortheenvironmentandourwalletsastheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthenewsonesthatdothesamethings做同样的事，旧的过时的装置比新装置消耗更多能源，对环境有害,浪费钱财。2.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbittsteam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhous

13、egasemissions（排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.根据Babbitt团队的分析，旧的桌面监视器和阴极射线管箱式电视机是最差的电子设备,它们的耗能和温室气体的排放是1992到2007window的两倍还多.3。TheyfoundthatmoreondemandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.他们发现在平板电脑上看的4/1074（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普

14、类说明文（含解析）随需变化的娱乐节目比在电视和电脑上看耗能减少了44%。B【2018浙江】。StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucksHisstrangehabitmakessensewhen，youconsiderthathesanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitterincludingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad。WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofSteinsjobsisdefendin

15、ganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags。Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台）。Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia，includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds，plasticbagmakers

16、arehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakersargument：manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat，theyrepresentasma

17、llpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtodayTheindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement：reusableshoppingbags。Thestrongerareusablebagis，thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However，longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagm

18、ustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdontdispute（质疑）thesepoints。Theyhopepaperbagswill5/1075（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）bebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.24。WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo？A。Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recy

19、clethewastematerial。C。Stopthingsfallingofftrucks。D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags。25.Whatdoestheword“headwindsinparagraph2referto?A。Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment。C。Headachescausedbygarbage。D。Plasticbagshungintrees.26。Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers？A.Theyare

20、quiteexpensive。B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult。C。Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags。D。Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.27。Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB。Industry，PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD。GarbageCollectionandWasteControl【答案】24.D25.A26.D27.A【解析】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料

21、袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收,但6/1076（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子.24。细节理解题。根据第一段oneofSteinsjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.和第二段plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.可知塑料袋生产

22、商雇用StevenStein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害,是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。25.词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用,看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害.headwinds“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状,即Bansonplasticbags，故选A.26。细节理解题。根据第四段However，longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多

23、的能量，故选D。27。标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源,希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子.对这三种方式进行了对比,Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文,又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题.故选A。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句,要看懂全文的主要内容,明白了主要内容就能准确概括文章标题。小题4要求概括标题,本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对

24、这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文,又能吸引读者，适合作为标题.C【2018天津卷】Theresanewfrontierin3Dprintingthatsbeginningtocomeintofocus：food。7/1077（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint，cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisntstoppingthere。FoodproductionW

25、itha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake。Noteverybodycandothat-ittakesyearsofexperience，butaprintermakesiteasy。ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“recreateformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame,”freeingcookstocompleteothertasks。Inanothe

26、rrestaurant，allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3Dprinted,ratherthanfarmtotable。Sustainability（可持续性）Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9。6billionby2050，andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity。3Dfoodprintingcou

27、ldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids（水解胶体）fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类）andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料）.3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions。Grocerystorestsofthefuturemightstock”foodthatlasyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtra

28、nsportationandstoragerequirements。NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier。HodLipson，aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity，said，“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterdaysbreadfromthesupermarket，youdeatsome

29、thingbakedjust8/1078（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）foryouondemand。”ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting，theindustryhasmanychallenges（toovercome.Currently，mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste糊状物)beforeaprintercanusethem，andtheprintingprocessisquitetimeconsuming,becauseingredients

30、interactwitheachotherinverycomplexways。Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients，becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad。Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.46。Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintin

31、gbringtofoodproduction？A。Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.B。Itsavestimeandeffortincooking。C.Itimprovesthecookingconditions.D。Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations。47。Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraphs3？A。Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily。B。Itquickensthetransportationoffood.C.Itneedsnospaceforthes

32、torageoffood。D。Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood。48。AccordingtoParagraph4，3Dprintedfood_.A.ismoreavailabletoconsumersB.canmeetindividualnutritionalneeds9/1079（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）C。ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsD。cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials？49。Whatisthemainfactortha

33、tprevents3DfoodprintingfromspreadingwidelyA。Theprintingprocessiscomplicated。B。3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.C.Foodmaterialshavetobedry.D.Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.50。Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A。3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnologyB。ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrintingC.TheChallengesfor3DFo

34、odProductionD.3DFoodPrinting：FromFarmtoTable【答案】46。B47。D48。B49.C50。A【解析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读.文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。46。推理判断题。根据文章Foodproduction中叙述了没有经验的人可以用3D打印机做出复杂的巧克力雕塑和美丽的婚礼蛋糕,以及餐厅能够用3D打印出所有的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出3D打印的优势是节省了做饭的时间和精力。故选B。48。推理判断题.根据文章第四段Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfood

35、withcustomizednutritionalcontent，likevitamins。（食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物）,从而可以推断出3D打印出来的食物可以满足个人营养需求.故选B。10/10710（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）49。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients，becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad。可知,阻止3D打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用

36、于3D打印因为很容易坏。故选C.50。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战.所以用标题3DFoodPrinting：DeliciousNewTechnology，故选A.点睛：科普类说明文历来是高考阅读理解命题的重点。本文是一篇3D打印技术在食物方面的应用，文章运用一些小标题和对一些专业词汇作了多处中文注释，降低了考生的阅读难度。文章逻辑性强，条理清楚,主要考查学生对语篇的整体把握和领悟能力以及对特定细节的认读和处理能力。最后一小题考查主旨大意，为文章选择出最好的标题。考生做此题时一定要注意选择项必须要能概括整个文章的内容，不能以偏概全。

37、如B、C、D选择项在文章中都有所涉及，但不足以概括全文，所以需要考生正确概括全文的主旨大意。C2018北京卷Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplastic（everyyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills垃。圾填埋场)，andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans，Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofitbutanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehu

38、ngryworms。ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene，whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics。Theteamleft，100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hoursandthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams，oralmost3%ofit。Toconfirmthat11/10711（2015-201

39、8）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）thewormschewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊状物）andappliedittoplasticfilms。14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmassapparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromthewormsstomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2

40、017。FedericaBertocchini,coauthorofthestudy，saysthewormsabilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfoodbeeswaxalsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.Waxisacomplexmixture，butthebasicbondinpolyethylene，thecarbon-carbonbond，isthereaswell，sheexplains，Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond。JenniferDeBruyn，amicrobi

41、ologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy，saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies，shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting。Thenextstep，DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown。Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselfor

42、byitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteamsfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills。Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocessnotsimplymillionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic。43。Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheirev

43、erydayfood。B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures。12/10712（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D。Theywindupinlandfills.44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto。A。identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebrea

44、kdownspeed45。Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight。A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture46。Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm。C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.

45、D。Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.C【文章大意】本文是一篇科普知识类文章。从环保理念出发，文章围绕一种可以降解塑料的虫子大蜡螟展开，描述了研究进展及虫子能降解塑料的原理，即使用其胃中的酶降解塑料，为塑料污染问题提供了新的思路。43.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours，andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout13/10713（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含

46、解析）92milligrams，oralmost3ofit。可知,这些虫子可以消耗聚乙烯购物袋,即塑料袋。故选C。44。B推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown。Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（肠道微生物)？”可知,下一步是探究酶的来源。故选C。45.D推理判断题.根据文章最后一段“Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-no

47、tsimply”millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic”可知研究者希望那些化学物品可以批量生产,而不是将许多虫子直接扔在垃圾堆里。故选D。46.C写作意图题。全文都在围绕可以降解垃圾的虫子展开,文章的目的就是向读者呈现这种独特的降解塑料的方式。故选A。2017高考题科普知识类2017北京卷DHollywoodstheorythatmachineswithevil（邪恶的)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartific

48、ialintelligence(AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant。In1960awell。knownmathematicianNorbertWiener，whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制论），putitthisway:“Ifweuse，toachieveourpurposes，amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干预),wehadbetterbequitesur

49、ethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociate14/10714（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）withlivingthings：awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine，thisqualityisnotin.born，norisitsomethingintroducedbyhuman

50、s;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask。Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfa

51、ceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined，superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown，withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists。Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usin

52、gthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld。Unfortunately，thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans，letalonesuperintelligentmachines。SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy。Thereareprobabl

53、ydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand，asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers。Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteamsyetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperinte

54、lligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility。StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11，1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationofthese15/10715（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）atomsistalkingmoonsh

55、ine.However,onSeptember12，1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron。induced(中子诱导）nuclearchainreaction。67Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay_ArunoutofhumancontrolBsatisfyhumansrealdesiresCcommandarmiesofkillerrobotsDworkfasterthanamathematician68Machineswithspecificpurposesareassoci

56、atedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto_ApreventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyCdoanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersDbeathumansininternationalchessmatches69Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto_AhelpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterBbesecurea

57、gainstevilhumanbeingsCkeepmachinesfrombeingharmedDavoidrobotsaffectingtheworld70Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines？AItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.BItwillgetworsewithhumaninterference。CItwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.DItwillstayforadecade。16/10716（2015-2018）高考英

58、语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）【文章大意】本文为科普类文章,讲的是随着科技的发展,人工智能（AI）可能会超出人类的控制。67A段落大意题。第一段第二句说“人工智能虽然擅长完成任务,但这有可能不是我们真正想要的。因此选A.【名师点睛】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理.此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思,也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。推理判断题的解

59、题方法：推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系,结合自己的生活常识和经验,再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的,读者需要知道如何去做或按照某种方式思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据,即：已知部分推论的前提,从中推测出未知部分推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。2017江苏卷B17/10717（2015-2018）高考英语试题分项版解析专题16科普类说明文（含解析）Beforebirth，babiescante

60、llthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmothersvoicefromthatofafemalestranger。Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning（胎教),birdscouldruletheroost。AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk：OrnithologicalAdvances，somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).New。bornchickscanth