小升初英语培优第9讲：介词讲解(学生版)

1、第九讲：介词一、【考点解读】介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句子中不能单独作成分。介 词后而一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语 构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、 方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，特别是一些常用介词的搭配力特别强，可以用来表示 各种不同的意思。二、【知识讲解】Mi s. Smiths kitclieiiMrs. Smiths kitchen is small.There is a refrigerator in the kitchen.The

2、refrigerator is white.It is on the right.There is an electric cooker in the kitchen.The cooker is blue.It is on the left.There is a table in the middle of the room.There is a bottle on the table.The bottle is empty.There is a cup on the table, too.The cup is clean.知识点1时间介词at, on, in的用法at(1)表示具体时刻，如：

3、at tliree oclock 在三点钟at half past eight 在八点半(2)固定搭配：at noonat nightat dawnat the momentat firstat the beginningat lastat sunriseat sunsetat the same timeat dinner-timeat the end ofat duskat presentat the age ofat Christmason(1)表示具体某一天(包括节假日)，如：on March 8叫 2016 在 2016 年 3 月 8 日on Children s Day 在儿童节(

4、at the Spring Festival)on Sunday在星期天(2)表示具体某一天的早、中、晚，如：on Saturday morning 在周六早上on a rainy evening在一个下雨的傍晚on a hot afternoon在一个炎热的下午in(1)表示月份，季节，年，年代，世纪，如：in 2016 在 2016 年in his twenties 在他 20in July在七月in summer在夏天in the 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代 in the 21sl century 在 21 世纪多岁(2)后面跟一段时间，表示“之后”，指将来的时间，如：in

5、a week 一周之后in a few months几个月之后Ill be back in a few minules.我几分钟后回来。(3)固定搭配in the morningin Englishin a minutein a hurryin timein the end注意：this, that, last, next, every, one, yesterday, today, tomorrow, tonight, all, most 等词之前一般不加介词。如:this morning今天早晨last week 上周next month下个月one morning 一天早晨tomorro

6、w morning 明天早晨（on） that day在那天（that day更常用些）next year 明年every day 每天yesterday afternoon 昨天下午all day/moming/night整天/整个早晨/整晚知识点2地点、方位介词at, in, on, above, below的用法l.at表示在某个具体地点，即“小地方”(比城市小)，如:at homeat schoolat the bus stationat the comerat the top ofat the school gateat the crossroadsat the foot ofat

7、the airport2.in 在之中，表示在某范围之内，或某个地方（城市，国家等大地方），如:There are many books in my schoolbag.My grandparents are in Beijing now.in the libraryin Chinain the sky固定搭配：in the carin the hospitalin the worldin the middle ofin Shanghaiin the east注意：在某个地理范围内的“东、南、西、北方,也用in.如:Shanghai is in the east of China.3.on在之

8、上”，表示某物体上面并与之接触，如:My book is on the table.固定搭配：on the deskon the wallon the roadon the right/lefton ones way toon the playgroundon a bus/trainon the shelfon both sides of the river注意：地理上与某个地方接壤的“东、南、西、北”方,用on,如：Shanghai is on the south of Jiangsu.补充：地理上与某个地方不接壤的“东、南、西、北”方，用M如:Japan is to the east of

9、 China.above意为“高出”，”超过.”，指在上方，不一定在正上方（正上方用over）, 与below相对，如：The plane is flying above the clouds.below意为“在之下,低于”，不一定在正下方（正下方用under）,如:The fish were swimming below the surface of the water.Io图示总结onOt Q“相邻” “包#三.表运动方向和位置的介词：across / through / over / by 经过across指横穿，穿过.表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.through指穿过，透过，表示从某一

10、 物体空间内通过.。ver表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过，不与表面接触.by/past表示从某人/某物的 旁边经过.Can you swim the river ? / The elephant is so big that it cant go the gate .I dont tliiiik anyone can jump the fence. / I walked the bank of China yesterday .between, among between 指在两个人或两个事物之间：There is a bank between the post office and the

11、 police station.among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间eg:Thc teacher is standing among the students. in, into, out ofin：在里面，用于表示静止的位置。Her mother works in the o：进入，用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，经常与表示动作的动词连用如,come, go. run. rush 等。The child ran into his mothers arms,这小孩跑进了它妈妈的怀里outof：从里出来，与into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向。如：AH the chi

12、ldren rushed out of the classroom when the bell rang.四.表示方式的介词 with / in / by表示“用”（注意格式的对齐）l.with表示“用” 一般指有形的工具/手段/人体器官.He cut the apple into halves a knife .注：with 表伴随带有.含有”He came in a big smile on his face .na）表示用某种语言，方式，途径.或书写/绘画所用的材料.Can you say it English ? / He wrote a letter blue ink .b）以方式

13、in this way 用这种方法behave in a polite wayc）也可表交通方式travel in a card）“穿着 in red穿红色的衣服.by a）表示乘坐交通工具.travel by busb）以方式、方法或手段 I study for a test working with a group . ona）通过 study on the air/radio 通过广播学习b）乘坐 on a bus/ on a bike注意：1 ）.by phone = on the phone 2）.by car = in a car 3）.in pen = with a pen =

14、with pens五.范围介词In 在里边 in our class between 在两者之间between usamong 在三者或三者以上的中间among studentsbesides除了 之外还有（包括后面的宾语）TomJim besides Lily.except除了之外(不包括后面的宾语)Tom.Jim except Lily.including 包括 All the students including me.六.介词词组辨析L on the tree /in the tree。n the tree表示“树上本身长的东西”在树上.in the tree表示“外界的物体进入树 中

15、”人或物在树上.There are some apples the tree ./ Tliere is a boy the tree. in the wall /on the wallin the wall表示“门窗在墙上”on the wall表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”a picture the wall the window the wall.except / besides / except for.except除了之外,都 不包括在范围之内，排除同类的,We all went swimming exceptLucy.J注：nothing but 除了 之外，什么也没有.There i

16、s nothing but a letter in the box .besides 除了 之外，还有.包括在范围之内. We study Japanese and French besides Englishexcept for句中的主语与except for后的宾语不同类：Smith is a good man. except for his bad temper.史密斯除了脾气不好外，是个好人with / without.with 具有，带有反义词：without 没有 词组:with the help of = with ones help反 义词： without ones help

17、.without的用法:A).without + sb./sth.没有某人或某物.without + doing sth . He left here without(say ) “Goodbye to us. without sth 常与 if 引导的否定的条件句. If there is no water , we cant live .= We cant live.be made +介词的区别：be made of由制成(看得见原材料);be made from由制成(看不见原材料)be made in +地点 由哪儿生产： be made by sb.由某人制造 be made int

18、o+成品 制成某种产品since / for(常用于现在完成时).l).since : a).since + 表示过去的时间短语(since+yesterday/two years ago/last week)b) since+过去时态的句子2)for: for +段时间=since +过去的时间7.其他固定搭配be full of 充满; be filled with 装满be used to习惯于;对感到激动。介词与动词的固定搭配：arrive in/at到达大/小地方;catch up with 赶上，追上;decide on 决定；get on with与某人相处：go to the

19、cinema 去看电影;hear from收到来信；8、常用的词组at night在夜里 at work上班 at school 上学 be afraid of 害怕 be full of 充满 be good at 擅长 by the way顺便提一下 be kind to 对好be late for 迟到get ready for为做准备go over复习 hand in上交 help oneself to 随便吃：be bom in 出生于： be sure of 确信：be late for 迟到：be strict with sb 对某人要求严格；be excited aboutag

20、ree with同意，赞同： ask for要求，请求 come from 来自；do well in 在做得好：fall behind 落后； get to 到达：go to school 去上学go on with sth.继续做某事： go to bcd（sleep）去睡觉；have nothing with 与无关；hear of 听说;helpwilh在（某方而）帮助；hand in交上来。in the end 最后in the street 在街上in trouble有麻烦knock at 敲（门）laugh at 嘲笑listen to 听look after 照料look at

21、 看of course 当然on ones way to在去某地的路上on the left/right 在左/右边on time准时take part in 参加talk about 谈论take care of 照料wait for 等待hundreds of 成百的 in a hurry匆匆忙忙地 in a minute 一会儿后9.不用介词的情况：1当时间状为：tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时，不用介词.What are you going to dotonight ?2,含有 this, that, these, those, last,

22、next, every, each 等时间状语.He went to Wuhan last week .以all开头的时间状语前而不用介词.He has worked all day .以some .any. one等构成的时间状语前不用介词.He met a bad man one cold morning .= He met a bad man a cold morning .三、【典例探究】例题1:()1. Betty Arrived Paris the evening of June 1.A. at; in B. on; on C. in; inD. in; on()2. My mot

23、her is usually busy housework at nome.A. doB.withC. inD. for()3. It was so foolish him to askher such a question.A. ofB.forC. toD. with()4. The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand moving to the rich land in the southof China.A. fromB. withC. at D. on四、【课堂运用】【基础】【练习1I. Fill in the blanks with

24、 proper prepositionsThe plane arrived at London airport Wednesday.What do you usually do Christmas?The first class begins 8 oclock the morning.We will be in Nanjing Tuesday.A. A toB. in; toC. at. toD. on, toA. afterB. inC. onD. beforeMr. Black will visit our new school building two days.the end of l

25、ast spring Wanghai joined the army the end.We will have a football match this Saturday afternoon.The plane is flying the mountains.The Dead Sea is the sea level.Taiwan is the southeast of China.Children get gifts New Year s Day and their birthdays.The sports meeting was held a sunny day.There is a w

26、indow the wall.There is a map and a clock wall our class room.Tom goes to school his father s car every day.IL Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案）We traveled overnight and arrived home the morning.A. on; inB. at; inC. in; inD. at; onLook the map of China the wall, please.A at; in B. for; atC. at; onD.

27、 on; inThe car is starting five minutes.A. atB. onC. inD. ofWe returned to our hometown.A. in last weekB. in the last weekC. last weekD. for a weekChildren wake up very early the morning of Christmas Day.A. inB. onC. forD. atWhy did you get up so early this morning?A. onB. /C. atD. inHe arrived Shan

28、ghai 9: 30 March 5.A. at; in; atB. to; on; atC. in; on; atD. in; at; onMiss Wang is coming to Beijing two days.The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won the end.A. byB. atC. inD. on10.New Years Eve、people usually dont go to bed until midnight.A. inB. atC. onD. for【巩固】【练习1I.填入适当的介

29、词My pencil-case is Li Lei s desk.There is a bridge the river.The plane is flying the clouds.Please do not write this line.The fish swim the bridge.We will have a football match this Saturday afternoon.He only watches basketball game TV.England is the south of Ireland and the east of Europe.the after

30、noon of this Sunday, my uncle is arriving Shanghai.10.1 am going to meet him the station this evening.IL Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案）South Korea lies the east of Asia,the south of North Korea.A. in; onB. on; inC. in; toD. on; onJiangsu is the cast of China, but Japan is the east of China.A. to;

31、 inB. in; toC. on; toD. to; onThe United States is the south of Canada and the east of Japan.A. to; inB. on; toC. in; besideD. at; onThere was a big smile our teachefs face.A offB. nearC. onD. betweenThey will have a math test two days.A. forB. atC. inD. afterWe had our breakfast a quarter seven.A.

32、withB. forC. inD. ofDont shout the old woman. You should be more polite her.A. to; atB. at; toC. in; forD. from; forHas the teacher given you any advice your English study?A. fromB. withC. onD. inA little monkey is playing a tree and there are a lot of bananas it.A. on; onB. in; onC. on; inD. in; in

33、Who are the boys green sports shirts?A. withB. inC. atD. from【拔高】【练习1.A large group of students are waiting the bus stop for the school bus.A. forB. at C. to D. on. Tom, you are the person Im looking! Come to help me deal with the case.A. atB. forC. afterD. up.People on Chongming Island can go to Sh

34、anghai underground soon.AinB byC atD on.Australia is famous its Pink Lake, but now people can t enjoy the scenery any longer.A.forB.withC.ofD.from.The lift in our building suddenly broke down and we got trapped floors.A.inB.onC. betweenD.among.The local government is planning to dig the mountain to

35、make a tunnel （隧道）.A.acrossB. throughC.aboveD.throughout.The film Wolf Warriors 11 turned to be a big success in 2017.A. outB. overC. onD. down.1t was absolutely impossible to build a fire that cold winter night.A. onB. inC. ofD. by.France is famous its great wine, tourist attractions and fashion sh

36、ows.A. asB. forC. toD. with.A：rm tliirsty.rd like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Dad?B:I prefer a cup of coffee nothing in it.A.withB. withoutC.forD.to.Tiie tour guide happened to meet a huge fierce monster Mystery Island.A.inB.onC.atD.by1 was angry myself for making such a stupid mistake.A.

37、 ofB. atC. withD. for.Leaders from 20 countries and organization attended the Hangzhou G20SummitSeptember,2016.A. on B.inC.atD. for.Nichols set early this morning for his farmhouse in California.A. with B off C aboutD up.Please connect the speakers the CD player so that we can hear the songs clearly

38、.A. byB. ofC. atD. to.Let s have a rest the time being, then we will continue to discuss the planA. onB. inC. atD. for.US president Donald Tnimp started his visit to China November 8. 2017.A. withB. inC. onD. of18.Our headmaster always encourages the school cooks to serve healthy meals junkfood.A.un

39、derB.of C.withD. withoutInstead telling him the answer, the teacher helped himto read the text again.A. ofB. forC.atD. toLily spent years caring her sick uncle.A. ofB.atC. forD. withA group of teachers went to Guangzhou for an important activity Dec. 20由.A.inB. onC.toD.atSome young parents are unawa

40、re the danger of giving their babies smartphones.A. byB. forC. withD. of23.There were 22 medical service areas the route in 2017 Shanghai Marathon.A. alongB. withC. throughD. across24.Suers still very angry me for forgetting her birthdayA)forB)toC. withD) by25. The worlds smallest lizard has been di

41、scovered a small Caribbean island.A)on B)inC)for D)atremember that my cousin Peter came to see us a very cold night last time.A) inB) onC) atD) withIts common knowledge that leaves change from green to brown autumn.A) atB) onC) byD) in.With an average temperature of 20 degrees, spring is its way to

42、Shanghai.A) onB) inC)ofD) by. The story sounds quite familiar me, and I got a little bored.A) offB) forC) toD) with.To my surprise, the answer turned to be quite right at last.A) intoB) downC) outD) in. The 24th Winter Olympics will be held in Beijing February. 2022.A) inB) onC) atD) byapologized to

43、 the teacher not finishing the exercises in time.A) forB) atC) asD) ofHow much time do you spend your study every day?A) inB) onC) atD) with.The manager was angry Morris because he sent e-mails to the wrong customeragain.A. atB. toC. withD. from.Zhujiajiao, an old town with a history of hundreds of

44、years, lies the west ofShanghai.A. onB. inC. toD. among.The traveler asked some water when he passed Graimy Lis house. We all know Mothers Day is celebrated the second Sunday of May.A) inB) toC) onD) at. The law prevents businessmen buying and selling ivory, tooth of the elephant.A. byB. ofC. agains

45、t D. from.Last weekend I met a foreigner in the street and showed him the way English.A) withB)onC) inD) by.A right fashionable scarf, necklace, belt etc. can add variety simple clothes.A) forB) byC) withD) to.Jerry lost his way in the field,the ground was covered with thick snow.A. orB. forC. butD. so五、【课后巩固】【习题1】一、填入正确的介词。There is a map of the world the wall.The station is my home. It takes only a few minutes to get there.The sun ris