学而思新概念语法整理

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业专心-专注-专业精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业语法一:人称代词 人称 代词第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 人称代词主格I weyou you heshe itthey宾格me us youyouhimher itthem句型转化（Be动词做谓语）肯定句：主语+be动词否定句：主语+be动词+not一般疑问句：be动词+主语?物主代词I weyou you heshe ittheymyouryouryourhisheritstheir特殊疑问句：What colour is? Its r

2、ed.What nationality are you? Im Chinese. Where are you from? Im from China.Where do you come from? I come from China.Whose bag is it? Its my bag. Whats your job? Im a mechanic.Whats the weather like？ Its sunny/rainy/snowy/cloudy.Whats the climate like? Its pleasant/warm/wet/dry. 语法二：一、不可数名词定义：“抽刀断水水

3、更流”（难以分开的一个整体，不可分割的事物）。特点：1、前面无a/an，后无s；2、表达复数用量词修饰，量词可数；Eg. Milk-a bottle of milk-two bottles ofmilkSoap-abar of soap-three bars of soap二、some和any用法相同点：表示一些，后面都可加可数名词复数或不可数名词不同点：some常用在肯定句，但是在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any；any用在否定句和疑问句。三、指代用法One指代可数名词单数Ones指代可数名词复数Any可指代可数名词复数或不可数名词四、句型1、D

4、o you like？Yes, I do.Yes, I do. But I dont wantNo, I dont.2、Do you want?Yes, please.No,thank you / thanks. I dont like.五.名词复数特殊变化规则：可数名词的不规则复数变化woman-women, man-men, tooth-teeth,deer-deer, child-children, fish-fish, foot-feet,goose-geese, sheep-sheep, ox-oxen 国人变化：中日两瑞永不变, 英法荷兰A变E,其他国人S加后边.Japanese

5、-Japanes；Englishman-Englishmen ； ChineseChinese；GermanGermans ； AmericanAmericans语法三一、介词in 在.里on 在.上under 在.下面beside 在.旁边between 在两者中间among 三者或以上中间over 在.上（无接触面的垂直上方；从一端到另一端）above 在.上（无接触面的上方，不一定垂直）across 横穿、穿过（强调从表面越过）through 穿过（强调从中间穿过） along 沿着二、There be句型与have got句型1.There be句型：定义：某地(或某时)存在有某人(或

6、某物)。句型结构：肯定句：There is+ 单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点 There are+复数可数名词+地点 否定句（be动词后加not）： There is not+单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点 There are not+复数可数名词+地点疑问句（be动词提前）： Is there +单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点？ Are there +复数可数名词+地点？特点：“就近原则2.have got句型：定义：它表示某物归某人（某物）所有，是一种所属关系。句型结构：否定句：在have或has后加not,缩写为havent或hasnt. 疑问句：把have或has提前特点：主语为第三人

7、称单数时，have要变成has。语法三：小升初小练兵1.There is a bridge _ the river. A. over B. on C. above D. below 2.They spent about ten days to go _the big desert（沙漠）. A.across B. through C. over D. along3.用there be或have got填空：1) I_ a good father and a good mother.2) _ any books in the bookcase?3) _ a picture and a clock

8、 on the wall.4) She _ some dresses.5) What does Mike _?语法四一般现在时一般现在时用法（1）表示经常性，习惯性,永久性的动作。 often 经常，usually通常，always 总是，everyday每天，sometimes 有时（2）表示事物的状态或特征 There is a scar on his forehead.（3）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言，谚语等。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.注：只有在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单变

9、化”，其他用动词的原形。动词变为第三人称单数形式的变化规则：1.多数在动词后s （1）直接在动词词尾加-s. play plays like likes stay-stays ask-asks work-works get-gets （2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es. watch-watches wish-wishes fix-fixes do-does go-goes pass-passes（3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies2.不规则变

10、化： be- is have-has一般现在时的句子转换：陈述句（肯定句）：主语加动词原形/动词第三人称单数； ( 主语 + do/does.)一般疑问句：在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does（单数she, he, it）变成问句； （Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形.）否定句：在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont（I, you,以及复数), doesnt（单数she, he, it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。 （主语 + dont/doesnt + 动词原形.）例：肯定句: I like grapes.否定句: I dont like grapes. 一

11、般疑问句: Do you like grapes? 肯定句：She gets up early every morning.否定句She doesnt get up early every morning.一般疑问句Does she get up early every morning?语法五 现在进行时态一、现在进行时态的含义 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。二、现在进行时各种句式的结构肯定句： 主语 + am/is/are + V.ing E.g.We are having a class. He is painting. She is p

12、laying.否定句： 主语 + am/is/are + V.ing E.g.We are not having a class. He is not painting. She is not playing.疑问句： Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V.ing E.g.Are you having a class？ Is he painting？ Is she playing？三、动词变化规则（1）“直” ： 一般情况下，直接加ing， 如：do-doing， cook-cooking， stand-standing （2） “去” ：以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing， 如：come-com

13、ing，dance-dancing（3） “双” ：重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing， 如：run-running, stop-stopping swim-swimming, forget-forgetting 双写规则：1、重读在词尾； 2、闭音节（短音节）； 3、单辅音字母（在一般情况下，如果某一单词是以一个辅音字母结尾，而这个辅音的前面是读长元音或双元音，就不能双写这个辅音字母。如read-reading, think-thinking等。）（4）“ 改”： 改ie为y，加ing 如： die-dying lie-lying 语法五 小升初小练笔一、写出下列动词的现在分词：p

14、lay_ run_ swim_ make_ go_ like_write_ ski_ read_ have_ sing_ dance_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen ！Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look ！They _( have) an English lesson .三、句型转换：1. They are doing

15、housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_ _语法六：一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。注意：发生在过去时间的动作，并已经结束。 am/is-was一、be 动词 arewere1、句式结构：肯定句：主语 + was/were + We were very tired yesterd

16、ay.我们昨天很累。否定句：主语 + wasnt/werent + I wasnt at home yesterday.我昨天不在家。一般疑问句：-Was/were + 主语 +? -Yes,主语 + was/were. -No, 主语 + wasnt/werent.2、般现在时与一般过去时的比较（例子见下表)： 一般现在时every- 一般过去时yesterday She goes to school everyday,But yesterday morning she went shopping.She plays football every afternoon,But yesterda

17、y afternoon she played basketball.She chats with(和。聊天) her friends every evening on line,But yesterday evening she chatted with her friends on email.二、行为动词1、句子构成。肯定句： 主语 + 动词的过去式 +. I went to the zoo yesterday. 我昨天去公园了。否定句： 主语 + did not (didnt) + 动词原形 + . I didnt go to school yesterday. 我昨天没去上学。一般疑问

18、句：-Did + 主语 动词原形 .？ -Yes, 主语 + did. -No, 主语 + did not(didnt) -Did you buy a book last Monday? -Yes, I did. -No, I didnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + .？ 1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework. 2) -When did you go to the zoo? -I went to the zoo yesterday. 2、动词过去式变形 ：1） “直”一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-e

19、d。 如：look-looked; work-worked; play-played2） “去 ”以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。 如：live-lived; move-moved 3）“双”末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。 如：stop-stopped; drop-dropped4）“改”末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。 如：study-studied; carry-carried5）“特“ 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。 am/iswas arewere have/hashad do/doesdid cancould

20、willwould shallshould swimswam singsang ringrang sitsat comecame givegave runran drinkdrank becomebecame beginbegan buybought bringbroughtcatchcaught thinkthought teachtaught sendsent buildbuilt gowent spendspent loselost lendlent meanmenat sweepswept feelfelt learnlearnt/learned smellsmelt sleepsle

21、pt putput cutcut hithit readread hurthurt letlet beatbeatcostcost writewrote riderode riserose winwon drivedrove speakspoke getgot forgetforgot choosechose sellsold wakewoke breakbroke3、标志词 yesterday系列yesterday morning; yesterday afternoon; yesterday eveningago 系列a minute ago; an hour ago; a day ago

22、; a week ago; a month ago; year ago; two days ago; six years agothis 系列this month; this weeklast 系列last month; last yearthe.before lastthe week before last; the month before last语法六小升初练习题一、请用正确动词形式填空。 1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.

23、 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. 二、改写句子：1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱

24、）.（变一般疑问句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge?3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问）_ _ _ she _ there?4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)_ there _ orange in the cup?语法七一般将来时1.will 含义：将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形 It will rain.否定句：主语 + will not (wont) + 动词原形 He wont be late for

25、 school.一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + 动词原形？ -Will it snow in GZ? -Yes, it will. -No, it will not (wont).2. be going to含义：近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算，将要做某事。肯定句：主语 + be going to + 动词原形 I am going to travel. He/She is going to travel. We/They/You are going to travel.否定句：主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 I am no

26、t going to travel. He/She is not going to travel. We/They/You are not going to travel.一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? Are you going to travel? Is he/she going to travel? Are we/they/you going to travel?3、时间标志词tomorrow; tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening; next year/week/month/hour ; this afternoon/S

27、unday/evening ; in the future; in + 一段时间时态小口诀:英语动作有四种：经常做，正在做，将要做和过去做。经常做用动原或三单，遇到他她它单个做改三单；要借do或does变问否，后面动词用原型。正在做用be+动词ing ，两个朋友不分离,be 用am,is ,are来代替。将要做有两种：用will（shall）加动原或be going to 加动原。过去做，很简单，对照经常做动词变成过去式,要借did变问否,后面动词用原型.语法八：（请您记住以下新概念英语一册144课的所固定搭配短语）I beg your pardon 请您在重复（说）一遍Nice to mee

28、t you（too） （我也）很高兴见到你Look at 看How do you do 你好Be careful 小心A loaf ofbread 一块面包A bar of soap/chocolate 一块香皂/巧克力A bottle of 一瓶.A pound of 一磅.Half a pound of 半磅.A quarter of 四分之一.A tin of 一听.Hurry up！ 快点！Next door 隔壁Black coffee 不加牛奶的咖啡White coffee 加牛奶的咖啡Come home from school 放学回家Come home from work 下班

29、回家In the morning 早上In the afternoon 下午In the evening 晚上At noon 中午At night 夜里At the moment 此刻Whats the time? 几点钟？Come upstairs 上楼Come downstairs 下楼Hundreds of 数以百计的On the way home 在回家的途中This morning 今天早晨This afternoon 今天下午This evening 今天晚上tonight 今天夜里Yesterday morning 昨天早晨Yesterday afternoon 昨天下午Yest

30、erday evening 昨天晚上Last night 昨天夜里The day before yesterday in the morning 前天早晨The day before yesterday in the afternoon 前天下午The day before yesterday in the evening 前天晚上The night before last 前天夜间A low mark 分数很底A high mark 分数很高She said to herself 她心中暗想The way to 到的走法In fashion 流行的，时髦的Im afraid 我恐怕Im su

31、re 我确信，我肯定A lot of 许多（用于肯定句）At all 丝毫、更本、一点也不Going on holiday 度假Have been to 到过All the time 一直，始终Have been to 到过Drive into 撞倒For sale 供出售、出售Have the last word 最后决定、最后才算The R.A.F. 英国皇家空军Return ticket 往返票Next door to 与相邻，在隔壁In five hourstime 在五小时之后。Go back 返回The othe day 几天前Fell downstairs 从楼上摔下来The Y

32、.H.A. 青年招待所协会Cheer up 振作起来Full of 充满了Would you like? 你愿意？Could you? 你能?（比Can you?更婉转客气）Buyon instalments 以分期付款的方式购买Small change 零钱Go back to sleep 继续睡觉To takewith 把带上（with后跟人称宾格）Have to 不得不（过去式Had to）By myself 我自己By yourself 你自己By himself 他自己By herself 她自己By itself 它自己By ourselves 我们自己By yourselves

33、你们自己By themselves 他/她/它们自己By oneself 独自的Not that long ago 没那么久At （以的方式进行、做某事）He cant be 他不可能He must be 他肯定是He cant have been 他那时不可能He must have benn 他那时肯定是Dont be so sure 别那么肯定He may 他可能He might 他可能（没有He might的程度强）Make upminds 打定主意（up后跟人称宾格）Look after 照看In the end 最后In the first instance 首先，起初He may

34、 be 他可能是He may have been 他可能己经Im ot sure 我不敢肯定I wonder why 我想知道为什么A long time (ago) 很早（前）Get married 结婚Depend on 依靠，取决于Im late for 我因为而迟到By the way 顺便（问，说）Im dressed in 我穿戴着Make up her face 往她的脸上施脂粉Make myselft beautiful 把自己打扮漂亮Was covered with 覆盖着I went for （表明目的）Pice of paper 纸片Cigarette ends 烟头Ta

35、ke out 拿出Put away 放到一边Hundreds of 成百上千的Round the world 周游世界季节、月份、星期Spring 春节Summer 夏天Autumn 秋天Winter 冬天January 一月February 二月March 三月April 四月May 五月June 六月July 七月August 八月September 九月October 十月November 十一月December 十二月Monday 星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三Tursday 星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六Sunday 星期日Weekend

36、周未语法九一.情态动词定义：在句子中通常用来表示“能力”、“请求或许可”必须、可能等表示情感或态度的动词情态动词can：含义（一）：表能力，意为“能、会” Can you speak French? Yes, I can. / No, I cant. 含义（二）：表请求或许可，意为“可以” Can you open the window? 注意：can 一般上级对下级或长辈对晚辈，对长辈上级用could结构：can+动词原形情态动词must：含义：表义务，意为“必须” You must finish the work today. Must I finish the work today? Y

37、es, you must./ No, you neednt.注意：1. must 表示必须时，否定式为neednt； 2. mustnt表示“禁止、不准” We mustnt play football on the road. 结构：must+动词原形拓展： 1、 have to不得不，必须（客观）； must 必须，一定（主观）; have to (第三人称单数用has to)+ 动词原形; My mother is not at home, so I have to eat outside. 2、 May 比 can 更委婉的请求 May I come in?Yes, you may.

38、/No, you cant.二.可数/不可数名词修饰词1、a lot of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词（表示许多，多用于肯定句）2、many+可数名词复数eg. many books much+不可数名词eg. much chocolate3、some 与 any 相同点：+ 可数名词复数/不可数名词 不同点：some多用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句， some还可表示 委婉的请求，希望征得 肯定的回答。 Would you like some tea? / Could you give me some water, please? Yes, please. / No, thank y

39、ou. 语法九 小升初小练笔一、说明下列句中情态动词的含义。(A.能力;B.许可;C.猜测)。( ) l. “You must write more neatly,” said the teacher.( ) 2. Hes not in the office.He must have gone to the meeting.( ) 3. Visitors mustnt move and touch the exhibits.( ) 4. The girl can play the violin very well.( ) 5. Can I smoke here?二、完成对话，每空一词.A: L

40、ily, would you like something to drink?B: Yes, Im thirsty now.A: What_ ?B: Id_ a cup of tea, please.A: Would you like _ _ _?B: No, thank you. Im not hungry. _you? Do you want something to eat?A: Yes, Im hungry now. Id like some cakes.C: How _ cakes would you like?A: Four cakes, please. And a bottle

41、of apple juice.C: Anything else?A: No, thats all.C: Here you are.语法十 现在完成时请认真读背以下句子，感受其句意！Have you been to the cinema?Ive already （已经）seen it. I saw it last year.Ive never(从不） been there. Have you ever（曾经） been there?Have your mechanics finished yet（已经）? Have you met Mrs. Jones yet? Yes，I have.When

42、did you meet her? I met her two weeks ago. 现在完成时含义：1）表示过去发生在过去，并且已经结束，强调对现在造成的影响。 She has lost her books 她丢失了她的书.（表示到目前为止还没有找到）2）表示动作发生于过去，持续到了现在 I have lived in Beijing for three years. (强调live in Guangzhou这个动作从过去开始持续到了现在)现在完成时结构：（一）肯定式 主语助动词have has 过去分词其它Ive just copied all the new words 我刚抄写了所有的

43、生词。 (表示不要再抄了)（二）否定式 主语助动词have hasnot过去分词其它 I havent finished my homework yet我还没有完成我的作业。 （三）一般疑问式 助动词Have Has 主语过去分词其它 ？Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？ Yes ，I have 是的，我做过。现在完成时标志词：already ,yet , since , so far(到目前为止) ，up to now(到目前为止) in the past /last years在过去的几年中it is the first/second.time:

44、It is my first time I have been here.一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢？ 一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday连用；强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。 He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看一次)He has (ever) seen the film before.（现在完成时，表时他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了）语法十 小升初小

45、练笔( )1Who is Mary ？ _？I saw you talking with her at the meeting ADont you meet her yet BDidnt you met her yet CHavent you met her yet DHadnt you met her yet ( )2How do you like Beijing ，Mr Black？ Oh ，I_ such a beautiful city Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited ( )3The old people_

46、 lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week Adont feel Bhasnt felt Chavent felt D.didnt feel ( ) 4We have lived here_five years ago Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter 1、He has already finished his homework（改为否定句） He _ finished his homework _ 2They have found the lost books already（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回

47、答） _ they _ the lost books _？No，they_ 3Julia has not got home from school yet（改为肯定句） Julia _ _ _ home from school 语法十一 1.have 与 have got 的用法相同点：均表示“有”不同点：have既可在正式也可在非正式场合用，have got非正式场合 I have a bear. = I have got a bear.注意否定改法差异：have 否定形式 donthave ，第三人称 doesnt havehave got 否定形式，havent got, 第三人称 ha

48、snt got2. have 动词的多用法你能举出什么例子呢？我们熟悉的有：have breakfast, have lunch, have supper （这里have 指eat）have water,have a bottle of coca, （这里have 指 drink）have a good time, have a trip, have a bath.3.行为动词have用法含义：吃、喝、从事、经历（eat/drink/take/experience）have fun高兴have a good time玩的高兴have a rest休息have a bath洗澡have a sw

49、im游泳have a holiday度假have a talk谈话have a look at看一下have breakfast吃早餐have lunch吃午饭have supper吃晚餐have dinner吃正餐have a haircut理发have some medicine吃药have a meeting 开会have a walk散步4.have 与 have got 用法1)have 和have got 均指“有”have/has eg. It has two eggs.have got/ has got eg. It has got two eggs.2)否定形式dont ha

50、ve/doesnt have eg. It doesnt have two eggs.havent got/hasnt got eg. It hasnt got two eggs. 3)区别have既可以用在正式也可以在非正式场合使用；have got主要用于口语等非正式场合下语法十一 小升初小练笔Story Time（用have/have got的正确形式填空，赶紧练习一下哦）：Star _a pet, that is, Garfield. Garfield _ many bad habbits.He gets up very late and_ a lot of meat every da

51、y. He_a large bed, so he has to sleep on the floor every night. What about you? _you _ a lovely pet?语法十二 直接引语与间接引语1、直接引语：直接引用他人的原话 He says, “I have just arrived in Scotland.”2、间接引语：间接转述他人的原话 He says that he has just arrived in Scotland.3、直接引用变成间接引语A变符号：把逗号和引号变成thatB变人称：一主二宾三不变（第一人称和主句主语对应，第二人称和主句宾语对

52、应，第三人称不用变）C变时态：主现从随便（主句是一般现在时，从句随着间接引用可以为任意时态）e.g. I think that you were right.主过从也过（主句是一般过去时，从句需要变成过去的相应时态）e.g. He said that he is right. （X） He said that he was right. 真理永一现（如果从句描述的是真理，真理永远用一般现在时）e.g. He said that the light travels faster than the sound. 语法十三：词法一.动词：（表示动作或状态等。）.记住以下常见系动词appear be

53、become fall feel getgo grow keep look prove remainrest run seem smell sound staytaste rurn .记住以下常见助动词be have do will sould shall should .记住以下常见情态动词can could may might must ought .记住以下常见半情态动词need dare be able to have(got)to had better(best) used to二. 冠词（用在名词前帮助说明其词义）三. 名词（表示人或事物的名称）四.代词（用来代替名词或数词等，包含

54、反身代词）五.形容词（用来修饰名词或代词）六.副词（用来修饰动词、形容词、或副词）七.介词（用在名词、代词等前面，表示与别的词的关系）八.数词（表示数目或顺序）九.连词（用来加接词与词或句与句）十.感叹词（表示说话时的感情或口气）语法十四 词法规则一、可数名词的复数规则变化、一般情况下未尾加“s”。、 以x，ss，sh，ch，x结尾的名词加“es”。、 以ce,se,ze,（d）ge结尾的词加“s”。、 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变“y”为“i”在加“es”。、 以元音字母+y结尾的词，直接加“s”。、 以f，fe结尾的名词一般变“f”或“fe”为“v”在加“es。（以f或fe结尾的部分名词可直

55、接加“s”）、 以o结尾的名词一般加“s”。（部分以辅音字母+o结尾的加“es”）二、规则动词的过去式.过去分词变化.动词现在分词的变化、 一般动词过去式在未尾加“ed”。、 结尾是e的动词加“d”。、未尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加“ed”。、结尾是辅音字母+y的动词，先变“y”为“i”在加“ed”。、动词的现在分词一般情况下在原形后加“ing”。、如果以e结尾的动词则去“e”在加“ing”来构成现在分词。、如果动词只有一个元音字母，而后面跟了一个辅音字母时，则需双写辅音字母再加“ing”来构成动词的现在分词。三、形容词与副词的比较级、最高级（比较级在未尾加“er

56、”而最高级在未尾加“est”）它们都遵循着以下规则、一般情况下单音节的形容词或副词则在原形未尾加“er”。、如果以e结尾的形容词或副词则加“r”。、有些以y结尾的双音节词，如果y前面是一个辅音字母则变“y”为“i”在加“er”。 （如果是最高级则在形容词前加冠词“The”然后形容词或副词未尾加“est”，其它规则一样。）语法十五 词法 词法一：副词的用法一.修饰动词，放在动词的前面；二.修饰形容词，放在形容词的前面:1. too的用法表示“太.”修饰形容词Its too late.tooto太以至于不能She is too busy to talk with me.2.very的用法表示“很”

57、或“非常”Its very interesting.3.enough的用法enough+名词 There are enough books.形容词+enoughThis book is easy enough.词法二：动词不定式（动词+to do）1、肯定形式：Want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.让某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事2、否定形式dont/doesnt want/ask/tell sb. to do=want/ask/tell sb not to do语法十六 形容词1、形容词的比较级和最高级 规

58、则变化单词的比较级和最高级举例口诀单音节词，末尾直接+ er/-esttall直单音节词以-e 结尾，去e+ er/-estnice去以重读闭音节结尾的单词，双写末尾辅音字母 + er/-estfat双以-y结尾的单词，改y变i+er/-esthappy改其他双音节和多音节词，都在前面加more/mostbeautiful加不规则变化原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestbadworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2 、

59、形容词比较级和最高级的标志词比较级：than 结构：A is 比较级 than B最高级：三者比较 in/of 结构：A is the 最高级 of/in B3、常见结构肯定结构：asas，和一样 A is as tall as B否定结构：not as/soas和不一样 A is not tall as more/lessthan e.g. more/less expensive than （比更贵/便宜）语法十七 不定代词一复合不定代词定义：由some-, any-, no-, enery-加上-one, -body, -thing等组成的不定代词。-body-one-thingEvery

60、-Everybody每个人Everyone每个人Everything一切事物Some-Somebody某个人Someone某个人Something某事物Any-Anybody任何人Anyone任何人Anything任何事物No-Nobody没人No one没人nothing无事物二复合副词Everywhere 到处 anywhere 任何地方Somewhere 某处 nowhere 无处含义：由some-, any-, no-, every-加上-where，所组成的则是表示地点的副词。三复合不定代词、副词的用法：1. 复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用三单形式。 Someone is look