《高考语法完全突破记忆大纲》第5讲：形容词和副词

1、，士旦吕语法要精，就用奥风！第五讲：形容词和副词一.形容词1.语法意义表示人或事物的属性或性质，通常用于修饰、限制或说明名词女口：abookagoodbookacararedcaragirlabeautifulgirlamanastrongman形容词的功能（1）作定语（修饰名词说明其性质或特征）如：Hegavemeabeautifulgift.Heisanhonestchild.（2）作表语（与连系动词构成系表结构说明主语的性质或特征）如：Thetaskisnoteasy.Hiscompositionisperfect.（3）作补语（说明主语或宾语的性质状态或特征）如：Hiswordsmad

2、emeangry.（宾补）Hewasfoundaliveaftertheearthquake.（主补）（4）作状语（说明主语的情况，多表示伴随、原因等）如：Tiredandhungry,hewenttohome.（原因）Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,tiredandhungry.（伴随）Unabletosleep,Igotupandmademyselfadrink.（原因）Surprisedandhappy，Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.（伴随）形容词作定语时的位置（1）单个形容词作定语时，通常置于

3、其所修饰的名词前。如：asharpknife（2）形容词短语用作定语时通常后置。如：Allthepeopleyoungandoldareagainsttheplan.Englishisalanguageeasytolearn.（3）修饰some,every,no与thing或body构成的不定代词时，形容词需后置。如：Thereisnothingserious.（4）enough作形容词修饰名词时，通常置于名词前，但在一些特别的结构中也可用于名词后。如：Wehaventgotenoughtime.Therewillbetimeenoughforthatlater.注意：enough作副词时需置

4、于其所修饰的词后。如：bigenough（5）alike,alive（活着的）,alone（只有，仅仅）,asleep,awake,present（在场的）,else（其他的）,here,there等必须放在被修饰名词的后面。如：Manalonehastheabilitytospeak.Heisholdingasnakealive.Allthepeoplepresentwelcomedthedecision.多个形容词修饰同一名词时的排列顺序。限定评尺形，时色源物用。，士旦吕语法要精，就用奥风！團（包括看5.6.7._（包括冠词人称代词SF指示代词等）+评价性的形容词+尺寸（大小）+形状+时间

5、+色彩+来源（产地）+物质（材料）+用途+名词。如:AlovelysmallroundoldredFrenchwoodwritingdeskAhighredbrickwallblocksourview.注意:如果是表述同一性质的形容词，则通常将长的放在后面。如:Heisaniceandfriendlyperson.形容词的级别形容词分为三级:原级、比较级、最高级原级:不与其他事物做比较的形容词原形。如:good,high,attractive比较级:用于两者之间的比较，表示程度较高的。如:better,higher,moreattractive最高级:用于三者或三者以上事物间的比较，表示程度最

6、高的。如:best,highest,mostattractive形容词/副词比较级和最高级的构成（1）.规则变化。一般情况下，单音节的词在词尾加er或est。如:thick-thicker-thickest,low-lower-lowest单音节词的最后一个字母为e时，只加r或st。如:simple-simpler-simplestbrave-braver-bravest以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i,再加-er和est。如:angry-angrier-angriest,early-earlier-earliest以重读闭音节结尾的，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母而其前又为短元音时，须双写辅音字母

7、，再力加-er,-est。如:hot-hotter-hottestthin-thinner-thinnest多音节词和部分以-ful,-less,-able,-ous,-ing等结尾的双音节词，在原级前加more,most构成比较级和最高级。如:careful-morecareful-mostcarefulimportant-moreimportant-mostimportant形容词/副词的常见句型（1）原级句型结构as+原级+as可用于肯定或否定句中如:Sheis（not）astallashersister.Weworkashardashisteam.so+原级+as仅用于否定句如:The

8、bedwasnotsocomfortableashisown.Shedoesntwalksofastashedoes.as+形容词原级+名词+as注意:名词可以为可数名词或不可数名词，当其为单数时，名词前需加a/an。如:ShehasasmuchtroubleasIhave.Ourschoolhasasmanystudentsastheirs.盘)與1heyEaidhewaslasfineapainterashisfather.Sheisassuccessfulanactressassheisasinger.thesameas/similarto(=like)/differentfrom女口：

9、ThiscaristhesameasToms.Heisdifferentfromhisfather.Hisattitudeissimilarto/likeMarys.(2)比较级的常见句型结构比较级+than如：Maryisolderthanme.Thisquestionislessdifficultthanthatone.Hismachineismorepowerfulthanours.比较级+and+比较级越来越如：Thedaysaregettingcolderandcolder.Sheisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.the+比较级,the+比较级“越,越”如：

10、Themoreyoupractice,thebetteryouwilllearnit.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyoullmake.倍数+比较级+than比大/长/宽几倍如：AissixtimeslongerthanB.注意：倍数的其他表示方法倍数+as+原级+as如：AissixtimesaslongasB.倍数+the+名词(size,height,weight,length,width等)+of如：AissixtimesthelengthofB.用原级/比较级表达最高级的句型as+原级+asany如：Sheisasbrightasanyonei

11、ntheschool.HespeaksEnglishaswellasanyoneinhisclass.比较级+thananyother/anyelse如：Hismotherismorecarefulthananyoneelseinhisfamily.ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.注意：Chinaislargerthan(all)othercountriesinAsia.最高级常见句型结构the+最高级+of/in如：Jackisthetallestboyinhisclass.beoneof/among+the+最高级+复数名词如：Qingdaoi

12、soneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworld.8：关于形容词最高级用法的特殊情况最咼级前通常加the,但其前有所有格修饰时不加。如：Thisbookismynewestone.最高级前用a/an时表示“很，非常”，相当于very。如：Heisamostsuccessfulman.二、副词个副词，也用于修饰整1.语法意义表示行为或状态发生的时间、地点或方式，主要用来修饰动词、形容词或另语法要精，就用奥风！语法要精，就用奥风！2.副词的构成一般在形容词词尾加ly。女口：slow-slowly,clear-clearly形容词词尾为y时，y变为i,再加ly。如：eas

13、y-easily,happy-happily形容词词尾为le时，直接改为ly。如：single-singly,humble-humbly形容词词尾为ll,直接加y.如：full-fully,dull-dully有些副词与形容词形式相同。如：late,early,high形容词词尾为ue的，去e加ly。如：due-duly,true-truly3.有两种副词形式的词fair公正地；fairly公正地；相当地fair常用于短语playfair,winsth./beatsb.fairandsquare如：Ininternationaltrade,veryfewcountriesplayfair.fa

14、irly修饰形容词、副词时表示“相当地”，修饰动词时表示“公正地”如：Allstudentsshouldbetreatedfairly.Thehousehadafairlylargegarden.close位置近地；紧靠着地；差一点；closely密切地如：Comealittlecloser,soyoucanseebetter.Jamesheardfootstepsclosebehindhim.Itellyou,IwassomadthatIcameclosetohittingher.Somesubjects,suchasphysics,chemistryandmaths,arecloselyr

15、elated.Theywerewatchinghimclosely.high（位置、分数、价值）高地；highly高度地；非常如：Hekickedtheballhighintotheair.Tomscoredhigherthananyoneelseintheclass.Theyspeak/thinkhighlyofMike.Washingtonwasahighlysuccessfulpolitician.deep（表面以下/夜）深地；deeply深深地（打动等）；认真深入地（思考等）短语：deepdown内心深处；本质上如：Wehadtodigdeepertofindwater.Theytal

16、keddeepintothenight.Sheseemsindifferent,butdeepdown,sheisverypleased.Deepdown,heisacaringperson.Hisfaithgoesverydeep.Hislieshurthisfatherdeeply.Mostdoctorsthinkdeeplyaboutwhattheirpatientswant.Theyweredeepiydmprsssedwithmywork.常用搭配：breathedeeply；sleepdeeplywide（空间上）宽地widely广泛地常用搭配：wideopen/awake/apa

17、rt如：Hespreadhisarmswideinawelcominggesture.Someoneleftthebackdoorwideopen.At2a.m.,Iwasstillwideawake.Organicfoodisnowwidelyavailable.ChinaTodayisawidelyreadmagazine.free免费地freely自由地短语：forfree,freeofcharge免费如：Childrenunderfourcantravelfree.Heofferedtodotheworkforfree.Alltheseservicesareavailabletothe

18、publicfreeofcharge.Hebecamethecountrysfirstfreelyelectedpresident.Theycantravelfreelybetweenthetwocountries.InFrancehecouldwritefreely,withoutfearofarrest.hard努力地；用力地；（雨下得）大地hardly几乎不如：Hehasworkedhardallhislife.Youneedtohittheballhard.Itwasrainingveryhardoutside.MyparentsdivorcedwhenIwassix,andIhard

19、lyknewmyfatherShehadhardlysatdownwhenthephonerang.4.副词的分类副词可以分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、频度副词、原因副词等。时间副词：now,today,soon,early,then,yesterday等地点副词：here,there,away,around,inside,outside,above,below等程度副词：very,quite,much,most,too,rather,totally,nearly等频度副词：seldom,sometimes,usually,always,often等方式或状态副词：carefully,slo