大学英语教案 Unit48

1、Unit 8 Section AI. Background KnowledgeEatonville (A)It is a small community of great significance to African-American history and culture. Located just north of Orlando, Florida between Winter Park and Maitland, it is historically recognized as the first incorporated African-American municipality i

2、n the United States and one of the oldest surviving African communities in the U.S. Following the Civil War, “free” Africans settling in the area worked primarily as farm hands clearing land or helping in the construction of nearby Maitland, a white township. Eatonville (B)Eatonville is culturally i

3、mportant for its renowned native daughter, Zora Neale Hurston, author, anthropologist and folklorist. Her words captured forever the culture of the community and painted an image of an environment typical of the rural Southern working-class African-American.Each January, Eatonville plays host to the

4、 Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities. In addition to Zora Neale Hurston, other notable residents of Eatonville include Hall of Fame football player, Deacon Jones and Dr. Benjamin Perry, president of Florida A&M University. Orlando (A)It is the fifth-ranking U.S. destination of ove

5、rseas travelers after San Francisco, Miami, Los Angeles and New York City and it claims the second highest number of hotel rooms in the U.S., lagging just behind Las Vegas in the bedroom stakes. The city has also established itself as part of Floridas high-tech corridor, boasting not only the space

6、technology industries focused on the Florida Space Coast (also keen on “booms”), but a healthy dose of bits and bytes makers as well. Orlando (B)There wasnt much to Orlando until Walt Disney started buying up property at the citys southwestern edge in the 1960s and the property he bought became Disn

7、ey World in 1971. Since then, waterslides, roller coasters, fairy tale palaces and costumed characters have made Disney World one of the worlds most visited tourist attractions. Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) (A)American writer, folklorist and anthropologist. Born in Eatonville, Florida, Hurston was

8、 educated at Howard University, at Barnard College, and at Columbia University, where she studied under German-American anthropologist Franz Boas. Eatonville was the first incorporated all-black townin the United States, and Hurston returned there after college for anthropological field study that i

9、nfluenced her later output in fiction as well as in folklore. Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) (B)Hurston also collected folklore in Jamaica, Haiti, Bermuda, and Honduras. Mules and Men (1935), one of her best-known folklore collections, was based on her field research in the American South. Tell My H

10、orse (1938) described folk customs in Haiti and Jamaica. As a fiction writer, Hurston is noted for her metaphorical language, her story-telling abilities, and her interest in and celebration of Southern black culture in the United States. Some of her earliest work was published in the small magazine

11、 Fire!, which Hurston, along with notable writers such as Langston Hughes and Wallace Thurman, produced in 1926. Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) (C)Her best-known novel is Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), in which she tracked a Southern black womans search, over 25 years and 3 marriages, for her

12、true identity and a community in which she can develop that identity. Hurstons prolific literary output also includes such novels as Jonahs Gourd Vine (1934) and Seraph on the Suwanee (1948), short stories, plays, journal articles, and an autobiography, Dust Tracks on a Road (1942). Hurstons work wa

13、s not political, but her characters use of dialect, her manner of portraying black culture, and her conservatism created controversy within the black community. Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) (D)Throughout her career she addressed issues of race and gender, often relating them to the search for free

14、dom. In her later years Hurston experienced health problems, and she died impoverished and unrecognized by the literary community. Her writings, however, were rediscovered in the 1970s by a new generation of black writers, notably Alice Walker, and many of Hurstons works were republished. In 1995 a

15、two-volume set of her writings, some previously unpublished, was released. Jacksonville It is 134 miles northeast of Orlando, Florida. Once infamous for its smelly paper mills, it is now one of the Souths insurance and banking capitals.Although Jacksonville claims to be the capital of Floridas histo

16、ric “First Coast”, the city dates its beginnings from an early-1800s settlement named Cowford, because cattle crossed the St. Johns River here. Cowford changed its name to Jacksonville in 1822 to honor General Andrew Jackson, the provisional governor who forced Spain to cede Florida to the United St

17、ates 2 years earlier. II. Text AnalysisMain idea of the text:When I was young living in the Negro town of Eatonville, I enjoyed watching and contacting the white people. To me, the difference between black and white was that the white rode through town and never lived there. When I moved to a school

18、 in Jacksonville, I was taken as a black girl. It didnt depress me, though. Rather, I regarded as an advantage the history that my forefathers had been slaves. In my view, people of different colors are just the differently colored bags with almost the same contents in them. How is the text organize

19、d? The passage is divided into three parts. In the first part, the author makes it clear that Zora, as a little black girl, didnt feel any difference from the white. The second part serves as a transitional part, relating that Zora was made to realize that she was a black girl. The third part comes

20、to the argument that the knowledge of being a black girl didnt depress Zora, and she was not always conscious of her color.Part 1 (Paras. 1-3)I didnt feel the difference between the black and the white when I was a little girl. Part 2 (Para. 4)A transitional paragraph. I was made to realize that I w

21、as a little black girl .Part 3 (Paras. 5-7)My family background of having slave forefathers and my color didnt give me the feeling of being inferior to the white.Part 1 (para.1-3)Main idea?When I was a little girl, I enjoyed making some contacts with the white, and didnt see any difference between b

22、lack and white except that the white rode through town and never lived there. Devices for developing it?Specific-general (分总法)A general statement: Though I was a black, I did not feel any difference between the black and the white. The only difference I felt about the white was that they rode throug

23、h town and never lived there. They liked to hear me speak and sing and wanted to see me dance ,and then they gave me a bit of money. Part II (Para. 3-4)Main idea?It was when I was thirteen that I found out in my heart as well as in the mirror that I was a little black girl. Devices for developing it

24、?Cause and effect (因果法)Cause: But changes came to the family when I was thirteen, and I was sent to school in Jacksonville. I left Eatonville as Zora. When I got off the riverboat at Jacksonville, she was no more. Effect: It seemed that I had suffered a huge changeI was not Zora of Eatonville any mo

25、re; I was now a little black girl.I found it out in certain ways. In my heart as well as in the mirror I became a permanent brown like the best shoe polish, guaranteed not to rub nor run. Part III (Para. 5-9)Main idea?Now as an adult, I dont think that being the granddaughter of slaves has negative

26、effect on me. I dont always feel colored, and in the main I believe different races are just bags of different colors which are filled with almost same contents.Devices for developing it?General-specific (总分法)Description (描写法)General statement: It fails to register depression with me.Specific reason

27、s: 1.Slavery is something sixty years in the past.2.No one on earth ever had a greater chance for glory. The world to be won and nothing to be lost. 3.It is thrilling to think, to know, that for any act of mine, I shall get twice as much praise or twice as much blame. It is quite exciting to hold th

28、e center of the national stage The author compares herself, or all the black, to a brown bag of mixed items. (L. 50) People of other colors are compared to white, red and yellow bags. (L. 51) The racial differences are compared to the contents of bags with different colors, piles of small things bot

29、h valuable and worthless. (L. 52-55) The sameness of races is compared to bags refilled with items from a single heap without altering the contents of any greatly. (L. 56-59) III. Language Points1. to be something else again / another thing (L. 6) 又是另一回事卖嘴是一回事，实干又是另一回事。While lip-service is something

30、 / one thing, solid work is quite something else again / another. 2. to peer at / into / through (L. 6) 凝视；仔细看司机在雾中费力地看着前方，想要看清路标。The driver was peering into the distance through the mist, trying to read the road sign.3. to get pleasure out of sth. (L. 8) 从中获得乐趣对于喜爱冒险的人来说，最大的乐趣来自于诸如攀岩、蹦极、特技跳伞等冒险活动。

31、To those who enjoy risks, the greatest pleasure is obtained out of such adventures as rock climbing, bungee jumping and skydiving.4. to be a front row seat for sb. (L. 9 对某人来说就像前排座位一样在火星上工作的探测器使科学家们可以清晰地观察这个星球。那里可能或曾经存在支持生命的水。The probe at work on the Mars made scientists front-row spectators at the

32、planet where life-sustaining water may exist or have existed. 5. in passing (L. 11) 顺便；附带地尽管他不是靠盗窃为生，但他经常干些顺手牵羊的事。Although he does not make a living by stealing, he often takes something in passing. 6. (just) in time to do sth. (L. 16) 正好赶上做某事在许多好莱坞大片的末尾，人们总能及时设法消除致命性的灾难，使人类免遭灭顶之灾。At the end of many

33、 Hollywood blockbusters, a solution to a fatal disaster is always worked out just in time to save mankind from termination. 7. to give sb. generously of sth. (L. 23) 慷慨地把某物给某人宽以待人者不仅能赢得他人的友谊，还会得到他人的关爱。Those giving other people of their patience and tolerance can win love and care as well as friendsh

34、ip of others.8. to suffer a huge change / loss / pain (L. 33) 遭遇了巨大的变化 / 损失 / 痛苦经历过人生大起大落变化的人对生活之道会有更深刻的见解。Those who have suffered up-and-down changes in life have a deeper insight into the art of living.9. to be at ones elbow (L. 35) 在（某人）手边 / 近旁挚友不一定与你朝夕相处，但他的关爱总是与你同在。 A bosom friend is not always

35、 at your elbow, but his care and love for you are. 10. to register depression / surprise / excitement with sb. (L. 36) 使某人沮丧 / 吃惊 / 兴奋人要学会控制情绪，做到不以物喜，不以己悲。One should learn to keep his emotion under such control that external gains cant register thrill with him and personal losses cant register sorro

36、w with him, either. 11. on the line (L. 38) 各就各位; 骑墙; 冒险; 在分界线上由于利欲熏心,有些官员常常拿自己的政治生涯冒险。Driven by their greed for money, some officials often put their political careers on the line.12. to be off to a flying start / to get off to a good (bad) start (L. 39) 飞速起跑 / 取得良好(不利)的开端良好的开端，是成功的一半。Anything is h

37、alf done that gets off to a good start.13. the price one pays for (L. 40) 为 所付的代价环境恶化是人类在征服大自然过程中为自己的急功近利所付出的代价。 Environmental deterioration is the price man has paid for his eagerness for instant success and quick profits in conquering nature. 14. to hold the center of the national stage (L. 44) 占据

38、国内舞台的中心在科研领域的竞争中，人才竞争是核心。Competition for talented people holds the center of the competition in scientific research. 15. in the main / on the whole / in general (L. 50) 基本上；大体上大体上来说，人之初，性本善的说法没错。但是，后天教育、生活环境、个人经历的不同使人有了好坏之分。It is in the main true that mans nature at birth is good. But the difference

39、s in education, living environment and personal experiences make the distinction between good people and evil people. 16. to prop up (L. 51) 支撑; 支持; 维持靠酒肉维系的友谊是不可能长久的。The friendship propped up with wine and meat finds no way to last.17. in company with (L. 51) 与 一起透过现象看本质，就可以发现腐败总是与缺乏制约的权力共生。By seei

40、ng through the appearance to perceive the essence, we can find that corruption always exists in company with power under inadequate control. 18. to be bent under the weight / pressure of . (L. 55) 被 的重量压弯美国国防部长屈从于世界舆论的压力,对其士兵虐待战俘承担全部责任。The US Secretary of Defense bent under the pressure of world opi

41、nions and took full responsibility for his soldiers maltreatment of POW. Expressions & Patterns1. Typical patterns for describing the coincidence:原句: If one of my family happened to come to the front of the house in time to see me, of course the conversation would be rudely broken off. (L. 15)如果正赶上家

42、里人碰巧来到房前见到我，他们当然就会毫不客气地打断我们的交谈。 句型提炼If sb. / sth. happens to in time to , sb. / sth. (else) will / would 如果某人某事碰巧 从而 ，（别）某人 某事就会 应用：a. 如果美国国防部长碰巧到基层部队视察从而看到他的士兵虐待战俘，我们真不知他会作何反应。If the US Secretary of Defense had happened to inspect the grass-roots units in time to see his soldiers maltreat the priso

43、ners of war, we have no idea about what response he would have made to it. 应用：b. 如果你碰巧逛商店从而看见一小偷在作案，你是当场抓住他, 还是睁只眼闭只眼？If you happen to go window-shopping in time to see a thief committing a crime, would you catch him red-handed or turn a blind eye to it?2. Typical patterns for furnishing reasons:原句:

44、 During this period, white people differed from black to me only in that they rode through town and never lived there. (L. 19)那段日子里，在我看来，白人和黑人的不同只不过是他们路过镇上，但从不住在镇上。Sb. / Sth. does / is (only) in that / for the reason that 某人做 / 是， 其 (唯一) 原因在于应用：a. 在处理棘手问题时，理智者与不理智者唯一的不同在于前者的自制力略占上风，也正是这多出来的一点自制力真正起了

45、作用。When handling sticky problems, the reasonable differ from the unreasonable only in that the former have one ounce more of control, which is what really counts.应用：b. 这位女护士之所以深受人民仰慕，就在于她用自己的生命从歹徒的利斧下挽救了63名儿童。The female nurse commands deep admiration among the people in that she saved 63 children fr

46、om under an evil persons sharp axe at the cost of her own life.3. Typical patterns for revealing the flow of ones thinking:原句: At certain times I have no race, I am me. But in the main, I feel like a brown bag of mixed items propped up against a wall. (L. 50)有时候我不属于任何人种，我就是我自己。但我大体上还是感觉自己像一只靠墙立着装满各种

47、杂物的棕色皮袋子。At certain times / In ones heart, one aspires / desires / longs to do sth. / be sth. But in the main / in ones head, one feels like / feels a need to 有时候 从内心讲，某人渴望做某事 成为 ，但从整体上讲在脑海里， 某人感到自己像 / 感到有必要 应用：a. 有时候，我也渴望纵情地生活，尽情享受现代生活带来的一切快乐。但从整体上讲，我还是感到自己是一个清心寡欲的人。At certain times, I also aspire

48、to live with abandon, enjoying to the fullest every pleasure modern life brings about. But in the main, I feel like a person who controls his passions and has few desires.应用：b. 从我内心里讲，我渴望像百合花那样无忧无虑地生活。但在我脑海里我还是觉得有必要为家庭、为社会、为民族担负起自己的责任。这也正是我所有的牵挂。In my heart, I desire to be like lilies, living a care

49、-free life. But in my head, I feel a need to bear my responsibility for my family, my society and my nation, which is what all my concern is with.IV. WritingA Letter of Recommendation应朋友要求，为其深造谋职等写一封推荐信（推荐信）写作模式（推荐信）1) He came to my notice in, when he happened to . 2) With a steady increase in conta

50、cts and exchanges of ideas, he showed a wide scope of knowledge about as well as a strong interest in 3) A deeper impression he left upon me occurred in , when 4) His academic performance ranked among (进一步说明) 5) Gradually, both his unique abilities in and our same quest for pushed me to 6) After ste

51、pping into the stage of , he came to demonstrate a greater originality in , a good indicator of which was 7) To my knowledge, it is only in the last two years that 8) So I have every reason to assure you that 9) As far as the content of his character is concerned, he clings to the motto that 10) So

52、his compass for rests not so much with as with 11) And particularly remarkable are and 12) In short, what is native to him and what he has attained through his previous efforts, complete with , have made it an honor for me to recommend him to you. （划线部分可替换） A Letter of Recommendation Engineering Col

53、legeAir Force Engineering University Xian, Shaanxi 710038P. R. ChinaTo Whom It May Concern:Dear Sir or Madam: (It has always been my pleasure to recommend close classmates for their further studies at higher educational institutions. But sometimes the one to be recommended is so outstanding that I f

54、eel somewhat reluctant to write reference letters for him / her, for, you know, it is far from pleasant for one to part with his favorites. And now Mr. Li Mu is just in such a case with me.) 1) He came to my notice in 1999, when he happened to share the same dorm with me. 2) With a steady increase i

55、n contacts and exchanges of ideas, he showed a wide scope of knowledge about the development of science as well as a strong interest in the field of artificial intelligence. 3) A deeper impression he left upon me occurred in 2001, when the academic reports of our grades were made public in the campu

56、s bulletin. 4) His academic performance in all the subjects of the four semesters ranked among the top 1 percent. 5) Gradually, both his unique abilities in problem-tackling and our same quest for true knowledge about science pushed me to attach more of my concern to him. 6) When stepping into the s

57、tage of specialized courses, he came to demonstrate a greater originality in application of book knowledge, a good indicator of which was a steady flow of his publications. 7) To my knowledge, it is only in the last two years that he has published six weighty papers. 8) So I have every reason to ass

58、ure you that further study in your distinguished institution will give fuller play to his potentials. 9) As far as the content of his character is concerned, he clings to the motto that example is more powerful than precept. 10) So his compass for measuring ones worth to society rests not so much wi

59、th what one has said as with what one has done. 11) And particularly remarkable are his firm commitment to what he has promised, and his self-sacrifices for larger interests. 12) In short, what is native to him and what he has attained through his previous efforts, complete with his moral integrity,

60、 have made it a big honor for me to recommend him to you. (Please be free to contact me in the earliest possible time if there is any need for further information about Mr. Li.) Sincerely yours Wang WeiSection BI. Reading SkillsWe talked about the Reading Skills Distinguishing Between Facts and Opin