阅读理解思路分析

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业专心-专注-专业精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业阅读理解思路分析框架解析1、一个主题（主题：即 = 1 * GB3 重复出现的信息 = 2 * GB3 23个关键词 = 3 * GB3 位置规律）（一篇文章只会有一个主题，一般阅读第一段+第二段前两句即大至可以找出文章所述主题，主题出现在第一段的可能性50%，第二段40%，第三段10%，一般前两段哪段较长主题句一般就在该段，若第二段一开始出现关键词或者转折词，即主题句就在该段）2、四条思路（一分钟预测文章思路） = 1 * GB3 提出观点（立场、看法、诸论）+支持观

2、点（反驳观点、各抒己见）+重申观点 = 2 * GB3 描述现象（社会、经济、心理、自然等现象） + 分析现象(包括原因和后果)+给出结论（结论可以是开放的或者封闭的）注意：描述现象必然引起怀疑，思考，why? Really ? = 3 * GB3 提出问题（这个一般是错的，wrong .是急待解决的）+分析问题（原因、后果）+解决问题（给出建议，suggest）一个主题（一篇文章只会有一个主题，一般阅读第一段+第二段前两句即大至可以找出文章所述主题，主题出现在第一段的可能性50%，第二段40%，第三段10%，一般前两段哪段较长主题句一般就在该段，若第二段一开始出现关键词或者转折词，即主题句就

3、在该段） = 4 * GB3 对比对照(一般是两个对象) 一个主题（一篇文章只会有一个主题，一般阅读第一段+第二段前两句即大至可以找出文章所述主题，主题出现在第一段的可能性50%，第二段40%，第三段10%，一般前两段哪段较长主题句一般就在该段，若第二段一开始出现关键词或者转折词，即主题句就在该段）其中 = 2 * GB3 和 = 3 * GB3 最大的区别是：现象一般是引起好奇，结论自由，而问题一般是急待解决的如何筛选文章信息一篇文章500words主旨句（5060words）一段落里12个主旨句 200words. 支持信息，对主旨句进行解释，补充 200words. 误导信息，比如例子，

4、可以不看！通读一个段落，如果发现里面有表达观点、立场、结论的信息，这个句子有可能成为主旨句例：sb point out/argue/According to/acknowledge（承认）/content/thinks/claims（欢呼）/state(声明)/regard.情态动词should+need（必须的） must+need3、特殊标点 : “”：(冒号后面如果是举例不重要，如果是总结则重要！“”（引号里面如果引的是半句话，则该句就是重点。 引的是一句话，则取决于该句是论断性的话还是描述性的话。 引的是词或短语，若这些词有实意，则为核心句；若没有实意，比如为代号、代码、外号等则不是）

5、（破折号若是对前文的解释则重要，若是举例则不重要；若有两个破折号，且第一个后为插入句，则第二个破折号后面的内容重要；若两个破折号之间有though, due to, because 则前后两句都有联系，都重要）4、特殊句型（违反语法）inlusion(幻觉) 表示对inlusion前面的否定predestined(命中注定) 表示对前面的肯定 对于此类不规则长句，只看这些关键词即可，一个“inlusion”就把之前所有的否定，它后面的句子才是作者的真正意图。5、转承连词转折对比：but，however，yet，instead，incontrast，neverthless，though.因果关系

6、：so，therefore，thus，递进关系：more importantly，.because.and because. On one hand.on the other hand. （and because on the other hand后面的句子比较重要） 副词：（排他性）only，particlary，exclusively.例：Money is important only when you are ill.(only表示只，仅仅, 因此可以把这句话反过来说，除了生病的时候钱一点也不重要)6、平铺直叙( 平铺直叙的句子的核心句大部分为首句，若通读一个句子，没有发现有上述特殊用法

7、平铺句) 根据上下文推测词义（生词）利用上下文词语意义的相互联系猜测词义Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.（可以看出后面because的内容即是对生词autocratic的解释，因为他做决定从来不寻求其他人的意见，所以Tom应该是autocratic，自负的，独裁的）利用文章中词与词的同义或反义关系猜测词义 = 1 * GB3 Mary felt perturbed，that is to say，she w

8、as greatly disturbed by her sisters action.（that is to say 即，那就是。表示前面与后面所表达的意思相同。即perturbed与disturbed 意思相同即为，打扰，干扰。） = 2 * GB3 Andrew is one of the most supercilious（骄傲） men I know. His bother，in contrast，is quite humble and modest.(in contrast,表示相反的意思，所以modest与supercilious的意思也是相反的，即谦虚。)利用文章中对词的定义猜测

9、词义Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.(显然，who后面的从句是对florist所下的定义解释，所以florist,意思是花店店主。)利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜测词义 = 1 * GB3 It seems that such maladies as colds，fevers，and sore throats will always be a part of life.(as 后面的是对maladies的举例，可以看出，感冒，发烧，嗓子疼都属于常见的小病，所以maladies意

10、思是“常见病”。) = 2 * GB3 Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances，for instance，washing machines，refrigerators and color TVs.(for instance 例如。后面是举例，可以看出washing machines，refrigerators and color TVs.都是家用电器，所以appliances指“家电”)同位语或用连词Or引导的同意近义词可以给

11、出生词的确切意思Lipids，or fats（脂肪），can be measured in laboratory.N1 ，N2 属于并列关系N1 or N2 不是并列关系N1 ，or N2 属于并列关系（看N1 与N2 之间有没有逗号）上面的句子可以看出属于第三种形式，所以Lipids与“fats”是并列关系，即为脂肪。利用构词法知识（前缀+词根+后缀）猜测词义Overestimate - estimate估计Over为其前缀，高的，超过的，所以合起来就是“过高的估计，高估”Un-conscious 不省人事的，昏迷的 （un做前缀一般都表示否定 conscious为有意识的，加un表示无意识

12、，昏迷）Semi- conscious 半昏迷的 （semi表示半.的状态）Sub-conscious 潜意识的（sub 表示潜在的）Tri-cycle 三轮车（try 表示“三”数量）By-cycle 两轮车，自行车（by 表示“二”）看构词法，前后缀的意义、类型四、作者思路 - 主旨（key word） (隐蔽式) - 反复再现（不是主旨句的重复，只 是每段会反复出现与主旨句有关的 关键词） 作者思路通常表现为“隐蔽式” = 1 * GB3 同义置换 = 2 * GB3 相关省略 = 3 * GB3 暗指例：scientists （科学家） Researchers (研究者) 对于出现在同

13、一篇文章中的这几 The researching community（研究组织）个词其实指代的都是一个意思，只 The community （组织） 文中一般会用同义的词来代替原 词，甚至是省略形式。height tall 这三个词都是指“身高” grow 例：The size of uniforms has not changes .(校服的尺寸没有改变，暗指身高没有变化)The oversize limbs. （过长的四肢，暗指身高比较高） a fifth wheel (第五个轮子,车子最多只有四个轮子，第五个显然是多余的，不必要的) a 4th wheel (第四个轮子，是必不可少的)如

14、2008年真题第三篇阅读理解In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies(就是player的同义置换) playing major professional sports have changed dramat

15、ically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms(调整制服就暗指身高变化了) to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing（停止增长） Though typically about two i

16、nches taller now than 140 years ago, todays people especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.（长到了极限） And they arent likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental lev

17、el, weve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely cont

18、inues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients notably, protein to feed expanding tissues.(增大的器官，也暗指身高增长) At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.（划黑线部分即为第二个问题的答案来源） But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on avera

19、ge, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet（yet表示转折，yet后面才是作者的真正意图） according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height 59 for men, 54 for women hasnt really changed since 1960.（还是强调美国人的身高没有变化）Genetic

20、ally speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies（暗指个大）have more difficulty passing through the birth canal(产道). Moreover, even though humans have been upright(竖直，直立) for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture

21、 and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs(过长的四肢,暗指身高). “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University. (Moreover.一句说的意思就是我们人类靠直立行走的姿势使脚和肩承受了太多的压力，与我们的身高

22、增长的关系)Genetic maximums can change, but(表示转折，but后才是关键信息) dont expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for bas

23、ketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use todays data and feel fairly confident.”（该句如果需要预测人类的身高在近期去设计一些装备的话，这个人说了可以用今天的数据而且是绝对可靠的，表明我

24、们今天的这些数据是可以被适用的）31.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example toA illustrate the change of height of NBA players.B show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.C compare different generations of NBA players.D assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32.Which of the following plays a key role in b

25、ody growth according to the text?A Genetic modification.B Natural environment.C Living standards. （第三段划黑线的部分可以找到充分支持demands calories and nutrients notably, protein都是营养物质，所以与生活水平有关）D Daily exercise.33.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?(作者认同的观点)A Non-Americans a

26、dd to the average height of the nation.（非美国国籍人增加了美国人的平均身高，显然属于过度推理）B Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.(人类身高被直立行走的姿势控制着,第四段moreover.一句)C Americans are the tallest on average in the world.（显然是过度推理）D Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.（过度推理，原文没有证据表明个大的婴儿在孩童时期能长得更高）34.We

27、learn from the last paragraph that in the near future(锁定最后一段)A the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.B the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.（偷换概念，原文只是说the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time只是说军队制服尺寸没改变，design表示设计，图案，构思，本题属于偷换概念）C genetic testin

28、g will be employed in selecting sportsmen.（文中没提到）D the existing data of human height will still be applicable.(最后一段最后一句话提供证据)35.The text intends to tell us that（从全文角度理解,即抓住主旨）A the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.(人类的身高改变遵循着一个周期模式)B human height is becoming even more predictable.(人类身

29、高变得更容易预测)C Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.（美国人的身高已经达到基因的极限了）D the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.(美国人的基因形态已经改变了)做第三十五题，属于主旨分析题，通读各选项，看哪个与主旨关系最密切，即为正确项。纵观全文，都是在说美国人的身高问题，具体说来就是关于美国人的身高已经达到了极限，停止增长的问题）阅读理解做题技巧做阅读真题 3遍第一遍 把他当做考场试题一样做第二遍 分析试题，找出选项与文章中的联系，分析试题特点第三遍 精读，练习英翻汉 练

30、习阅读 找核心句 将核心句串联在一起，从而找出其中共同点（每段一个核心句都找出来然后穿起来，类似糖葫芦） 做题技巧Q（问题） 先在原文中定位，然后将定位句所在的段落的中心句A 找出来，以及上下段的中心句，文章的主旨句认真理B 解透彻之后与A、B、C、D选项对比，真实再现者为C 正确选项。(如上面第35小题，主旨的真实再现)D 考研阅读理解 “真实再现”（意思大致等同，但不能出现意思的变异， 必须从原文中 找到充分的支持 如上面第34小题B选项，偷换了概念，看起来与原文形式很像，但实质上已经把原文中的“length”偷换为了“design”，使意义发生变异）如： 同义置换（前面举过例子） 正话反

31、说（It seems that.后面的话一般不是作者 的真实意思，作者的意思其实是相反的，看起来似乎是这样，其实不是） 逻辑推理（原文支持选项，即对；原文不充分支持选项，即过度推理） = 1 * GB3 主旨题方法一：找出主旨句 方法二：每段的中心句的相互联系 = 2 * GB3 联系题每篇阅读最多出一个联系题，一般只联系两段 (当答案选项与该题定位段的中心句没有联系时，就是联系题，答案在下一段的第一句(衔接句)，不一定是关键句) = 3 * GB3 通过中心句直接可以找到答案的（细节题）关键：找到核心句如何联系 转换阅读思路 排除干扰项定位：顺序性（一般一题对应一段，按顺序）、还原性（原文中

32、找到）、提示性关于干扰项的排除: = 1 * GB3 偷换概念 = 2 * GB3 主次混淆 = 3 * GB3 观点错乱 = 4 * GB3 过度推理关于“偷换概念”: Why？（为什么选他） similar （key message） Where？ 哪里与原文不像，把不像的地方画出来，画出来的地方与原文怎么不一样 How? 形式不同，但意义相近，如tall、height、grow，为正确选项 形式相似，但意思发生变异，如上面第34小题B选项，为错误选项关于“主次混淆”： A、B、C、D 四选项，若排除B和D，剩A和C，A和C与原文完全一样，选与段落中心句相符合的选项。不能选次要选项。（如第

33、35小题四个选项，A原文没提到，排除;D与原文正好相反，排除。剩B和D项，在最后一段都能找到，但是显然最后一段的中心句即第一句but后面的一句，说明美国人的身高近期不会发生变化，所以排除B，选D关于“观点错乱”:看清题干，题干文的是哪方观点（一般出现在各抒己见的文章中） 作者的观点？（有的题会问到作者的观点态度的时候） (文中无人认领的观点即作者观点)形式主语 It is.+that 从句 (肯定观点，作者观点) It seems/seemed.+that 从句（看起来，似乎 作者的观点与之相反）关于“过度推理”原文 充分支持 选项 即正确答案比较级：如原文：E、F是最有表现力的语言 选项：E

34、、F比其他语言更具有表现力最高级：完成式：already、have done (选项中出现这些时态的时候要仔细分析)排他性：all、no other (选项中出现这类单词要特别注意，是否说的太极端)例：上面阅读理解第33小题的四个选项分析2004年阅读第四篇文章，主要利用以上提到的方法从问中找出主旨句，每段中心句，关键词等首先，该篇文章为: 提出观点+各抒己见+重申观点Text 4 = 1 * GB3 Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers,

35、 and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education - not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools arent difficult to find.（通读浏览该段没什么特殊句型，平铺直叙，首句即为中心句 开门见山说明美国人不重视知识分子） = 2 * GB

36、3 “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitchs latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concl

37、uding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.（中心句还是首句，可以看出该段都是在说一个叫Ravitch的人的个人观点绿色部分被引号引起来，是个关键句，直接表明了这个人的态度立场，他认为学校应该起到一个平衡作用，说明他不赞成学校不重视知识分子的传统。而冒号后面是对他的一本书的具体内容的解释，可以不看，属于误导信息） = 3 * GB3 But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject t

38、he life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-ra

39、te country. We will have a less civil society.”（绿色部分的观点看起来好像没有人提出，无人认领，其实他就是作者本人的观点，but they could and should be,表明作者也认同上面的Ravitch 的观点，剩下部分可以忽略不看） = 4 * GB3 “Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American

40、Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native int

41、elligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.（开头一句用引号引起来即为该段中心句，指出知识分子是被政权和特权所厌恶的这个是历史传统） = 5 * GB3 Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplified Ame