加拿大奶牛肉牛伪狂犬

1、伪狂犬Rabies Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling病因/发病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis弹状病毒世界范围内发生Rhabdovirus - worldwide OIE B类OIE Notifiable Disease List B危害公共健康可传染给人Public Health Hazard contagious to humans是发生在恒温动物的一种高致病性神经疾病Highly fatal neurological disease of warm-blooded animals储蓄宿主是猫

2、，狗，狐，浣熊，臭鼬Reservoirs are bats, dogs, foxes, raccoons & skunks通过咬伤传播病毒存在于唾液中Transmitted by bites virus in saliva传递到CNS通过外周神经到唾液腺Spread to CNS along peripheral nerves then to salivary glands发展快速，致命Progressive & rapidly fatal潜伏期从3周到3个月，取决于咬伤的部位Incubation period is 3 weeks to 3 months depending on site

3、of bite危险因素Risk Factors储蓄宿主种群的存在Presence of reservoir species临床症状Clinical Findings最初症状表现为行为异常First signs exhibited are changes in behavior紧张，或者有流涎Straining and may or may not salivate渐进性跛行，运动失调，后躯轻瘫Progressive lameness, ataxia and posterior paresis两种型可交叉Two forms that may overlap 兴奋型Furious form表现过度

4、敏感、机警Alert hypersensitive expression肌肉震颤，胀气和里急后重（紧张）Muscle tremors, bloat and tenesmus (straining)具攻击性，吼叫，扑咬和狂乱Aggressive, bellowing, belligerent & running frantically瘙痒Pruritic 异常性行为Abnormal sexual activity发展成卧地不起，1-4天内死亡Become recumbent and die in 1-4 days瘫痪/哑型Paralytic/dumb form在牛常见Common in catt

5、le严重精神沉郁Severe depression扣打距毛，运动失调，尾偏斜和尾可能松垂Knuckling at fetlocks, ataxia, tail deviation and tail may be flaccid 大量流涎，不能吞咽喉麻痹Profuse salivation and unable to swallow - laryngeal paralysis后躯轻瘫，脱肛，步履蹒跚，卧地不起Posterior paresis, loss of anal tone, staggering & recumbency四肢松软、轻瘫Flaccid tetra paresis 从临床症状

6、开始7天内死亡Die within 7 days from start of clinical signs诊断Diagnosis临床症状，如果可疑，报告权威机构做荧光抗体试验Clinical signs and if suspect, notify the authorities Fluorescent antibody test鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis铅中毒Lead poisoning低镁血症搐搦（泌乳搐搦症）Hypomagnesaemia Tetany (Lactation Tetany)神经性酮病Nervous ketosis窒息或异物阻塞Choke or f

7、oreign body脑灰质软化Polioencephalomalacia神经性球虫病Nervous Coccidiosis维生素A缺乏Vitamin A deficiency李氏杆菌病Listeriosis 脊髓受伤/渗透Spinal cord injury/infiltration传染性血栓栓塞性脑灰质软化Infectious thromboembolic encephalomalacia 实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology脑内有病毒存在荧光抗体试验（FAT）Presence of virus in brain - Fluorescent antibody test (FAT)治疗Treatment隔离可疑动物Keep suspected animals in isolation避免对可疑病例进行口腔检查Avoid oral examination of suspects预后情况Prognosis不良如果有临床症状，致命Poor fatal if clinical signs后遗症Sequelae接触的动物必须持续6个月的检疫Contact animals must be kept in quarantine for six months如果发现，人必须接种疫苗Humans must be vaccinated if exposed预防Prev