端午节Dragon Boat Festival（中英双语解读历史、由来、习俗、饮食与相关文学）VIP

1、Dragon Boat Festival端午节目录 TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc96068111 Dragon Boat Festival端午节 PAGEREF _Toc96068111 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068112 一、端午节的来历 PAGEREF _Toc96068112 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068113 What is the history of the Dragon Boat Festival? PAGEREF _Toc96068113 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068114 T

2、he suicide of Qu Yuan PAGEREF _Toc96068114 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068115 Avoiding dad luck in the fifth month PAGEREF _Toc96068115 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068116 二、端午节的习俗 PAGEREF _Toc96068116 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068117 How do people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival? PAGEREF _Toc96068117 h 6 HYPERLI

3、NK l _Toc96068118 Participating in or attending dragon boat races PAGEREF _Toc96068118 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068119 Eating zngzi PAGEREF _Toc96068119 h 8 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068120 吃粽子 PAGEREF _Toc96068120 h 9 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068121 艾虎 PAGEREF _Toc96068121 h 10 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068122 画额 PAGEREF _T

4、oc96068122 h 10 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068123 三、端午节的诗词 PAGEREF _Toc96068123 h 10 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068124 倦寻芳香泥垒燕 PAGEREF _Toc96068124 h 10 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068125 端午【唐 文秀】 PAGEREF _Toc96068125 h 10 HYPERLINK l _Toc96068126 五月五日【北宋 梅尧臣】 PAGEREF _Toc96068126 h 11HnzPnynDefinition端午节DunwjiDragon Boat Fest

5、ival农历nngltraditional Chinese lunar calendar阳历ynglGregorian calendar屈原Q YunChinese poet and government official during Warring States period五毒wdfive poisonous creatures迷信mxnsuperstition龙舟lngzhudragon boat赛龙舟silngzhuhold a dragon boat race粽子zngzibamboo-wrapped glutinous rice dumplings节日jirholiday传统ch

6、untngtradition风俗fngscustom (cultural)中国大陆：自2008年开始，端午节在中国大陆地区也成为国家法定节假日之一，按规定放假一天。中国大陆南方地区端午节习俗保存较完善，也较北方地区气氛浓厚，各地纷纷举办各种规模的赛龙舟活动，家庭也都包粽子全家同吃，虽然不一定代表端午节本身的纪念屈原的意义，很多人尤其是青少年都不知道它代表的含义。但这种习俗一直保留着。2009年湖北省代表中华人民共和国向联合国教科文组织申报世界文化遗产的湖北秭归“屈原故里端午习俗”，黄石“西塞神舟会”赛龙舟，湖南“汨罗江畔端午习俗”，江苏苏州祭伍子胥的“苏州端午习俗”，就是中国大陆长江流域三个省

7、份当地人民庆祝端午节时的习俗。台湾：台湾端午节保留大量端午信俗，台湾人俗称端阳、“五日节”或“五月节”，习俗为吃粽子、饮雄黄酒、驱五毒、饮午时水、沐午时水、午时立蛋（传说中能在午时，立起鸡蛋可以得到好运）与赛龙舟。端午禳除的习俗源自于夏至，台湾习俗认为端午当天正午，是全年阳气最盛的时刻，因此配合饮用午时水可强身健体、驱除百病，加入了香茅、艾草、菖蒲等驱邪植物，或是挂榕枝、饮雄黄酒、佩挂香馨(香包)更可达到功效；另外当天也会使洗艾草水，同样也有防毒健身的效果。全国最著名汲取“午时水”地点在台中县大甲镇铁砧山上的剑井。台湾俗谚有：“未食五月粽，破裘不愿放”，形容过了端午节才算真正进入夏季的炎热。端

8、午节与春节、中秋节是台湾民间三大民俗节日。中华民国政府立端午节为法定假日，依规定放假一天。The Dragon Boat Festival (端午节) is an official public holiday in Mainland China. This traditional holiday, also called the Double Fifth festival, is celebrated on the 5th day of the 5th month of the Chinese lunar calendar (called 农历).The use of the lunar c

9、alendar to set the festivals date means that it is celebrated at a different time every year. Generally, the holiday falls anywhere from the end of May to the end of June according to the Gregorian calendar (阳历, yngl).一、端午节的来历纪念屈原，此说最早出自南朝梁代吴均续齐谐记和北周宗懔荆楚岁时记的记载。据说，屈原于五月初五自投汨罗江，死后为蛟龙所困，世人哀之，每于此日投五色丝粽子

10、于水中，以驱蛟龙。屈原投汨罗江后当地百姓闻讯，马上划船捞救，一直行至洞庭湖，始终不见屈原的遗体。那时恰逢雨天，湖面上的小舟一起汇集在岸边的亭子旁。当人们得知是为了打捞，贤臣屈大夫时再次冒雨出动，争相划进茫茫的洞庭湖。为了寄托哀思，人们荡荡舟江河之上，此后才逐渐发展成为龙舟竞赛。纪念孝女曹娥，此说出自东汉曹娥碑。曹娥是东汉上虞人，父亲溺于江中，数日不见尸体，当时孝女曹娥年仅十四岁，昼夜沿江号哭。过了十七天，在五月五日投江，五日后抱出父尸。迎涛神，春秋时吴国忠臣伍子胥含冤而死之后，化为涛神，世人哀而祭之，故有端午节。这则传说，在江浙一带流传很广。龙的节日，这种说法来自闻一多的端午考和端午的历史教育

11、。他认为，五月初五是古代吴越地区“龙”的部落举行图腾祭祖的日子。其主要理由是：端午节两个最主要的活动吃粽子和竞渡，都与龙相关。粽子投入水里常被蛟龙所窃，而竞渡则用的是龙舟。竞渡与古代吴越地方的关系尤深，况且吴越百姓还有断发纹身“以像龙子”的习俗。古代五月初五日有用“五彩丝系臂”的民间风俗，这应当是“像龙子”的纹身习俗的遗迹。 What is the history of the Dragon Boat Festival?The Dragon Boat Festival is a HYPERLINK /chinese-holidays/ traditional Chinese holidayth

12、at has been around in various forms for thousands of years. Its current iteration is an amalgamation of multiple different festivals and traditions. Two prevailing stories are often cited to explain the origin of this age-old holiday.Read on to discover the origins of the Dragon Boat Festival and le

13、arn more about the customs associated with this traditional celebration.The suicide of Qu YuanThe suicide of Qu Yuan is a popular story used to explain the origins of the Dragon Boat Festival.In modern times, the most popular story explaining the origins of the Dragon Boat Festival concerns the deat

14、h of HYPERLINK /biography/Qu-Yuan t _blank Qu Yuan(屈原, Q Yun), a poet of the HYPERLINK /event/Warring-States t _blank Warring Statesperiod (approx. 475 to 221 BC).At the time, it was common for Chinese literati to work in government, and Qu Yuan was no different. He served faithfully as a government

15、 official in the State of Chu for some time. After being slandered by another official, however, he was sent into exile.Qu Yuan was a faithful government official who was unjustly slandered.Qu Yuan spent his exile in a productive manner, writing many works of poetry, but his mind was troubled. The S

16、tate of Chu was not doing well politically, and news of its various defeats at the hands of competing states sent Qu Yuan into a deep depression.Eventually, his despair in the face of the political situation drove him to commit suicide by drowning himself in Hunan Provinces Miluo River.Qu Yuan remai

17、ns a popular figure in modern China. During his time in exile, Qu Yuan had become quite popular with the local people. Legend has it that when they realized he was attempting to drown himself, the citizenry rushed in boats to the middle of the river in an attempt to save him or at least retrieve his

18、 body.Unable to find him and worried that fish would eat his body, they threw balls of sticky rice into the river in hopes that the fish would choose the rice over Qu Yuan.Avoiding dad luck in the fifth monthAnother possible explanation for the origins of the festival is linked to superstitions surr

19、ounding the date on which it falls. As noted above, the Dragon Boat Festival is also called the Double Fifth Festival because it falls on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month.Traditionally, the fifth lunar month was considered to be an unlucky time. People in certain regions of China believed that dur

20、ing this month, the dreaded five poisonous animals (五毒, wd), started to come out of their winter hiding places.In ancient China, the fifth lunar month was associated with the emergence of five types of poisonous animals.Traditionally, the animals referred to as wd included centipedes, poisonous snak

21、es, scorpions, lizards and toads. To safeguard themselves during this time, ancient people practiced rituals such as poking pictures of the five poisonous animals with pins, which was believed to render their real-life counterparts harmless.In addition to the threat posed by the reemergence of poiso

22、nous animals, it was also believed that people were more prone to falling ill around this time.Over the years, various traditions emerged to help ensure that people were protected from illness and bad luck during the dreaded Double Fifth. One such tradition that has survived to this day and is still

23、 incorporated into modern Dragon Boat Festival celebrations is the custom of hanging HYPERLINK /mugwort-benefits-side-effects-dosage-and-interactions-4767226 t _blank mugwortand HYPERLINK /products/calamus-root/profile t _blank calamusbranches on ones door to ward off evil spirits.二、端午节的习俗How do peo

24、ple celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival?Dragon boat racing is a popular Dragon Boat Festival activity.The dragon boat festival is a fun, boisterous holiday. In most parts of China, the weather is quite good at this time of year, and people congregate outside on the banks of rivers and lakes to enjoy

25、the fine weather while watching traditional dragon boat races.Eating bamboo-wrapped rice dumplings is popular during the Dragon Boat Festival.Many older Chinese people still make traditional holiday foods by hand.Participating in or attending dragon boat racesThese days, the most well-known aspect o

26、f the Dragon Boat Festival is the tradition of racing dragon boats (赛龙舟, silngzhu).Its possible that the practice of dragon boat racing started out as a way to worship an ancient dragon god.The story of Qu Yuans suicide is often used to explain the dragon boat racing tradition. In line with this exp

27、lanation, racing dragon boats mimics the actions of the villagers who rowed out into the river to try to save their beloved poet.Qu Yuans suicide is only one of the explanations that have been advanced, however. Dragon boat racing has a history of over 2,000 years and some scholars believe the pract

28、ice most likely began as a way to worship the HYPERLINK /chinese-culture/chinese-dragons/ Dragon God.According to this explanation, the custom is thought to have originated in southern Chinas Guangdong Province along the HYPERLINK /wiki/Pearl_River_Delta t _blank Pearl River Delta. Even before the m

29、odern era, dragon boat racing was popular among ethnic Chinese people living throughout Asia.Originally, dragon boats were made of HYPERLINK /teak/ t _blank teak. Today, however, most dragon boats are made of modern materials such as fiberglass. During races, the boats are fitted out with a colorful

30、 dragon head and tail.While ancient dragon boats were made of teak, most modern boats are made of fiberglass.Over the years, dragon boat racing has developed into a sport with a variety of rules and regulations. Divorced from most of its cultural associations with the traditional folk holiday, this

31、sport has recently gained popularity with people around the world, including in the United States. Races have even been held in big cities such as New York and Chicago.Dragon boat racing is increasingly popular in cities around the world.Dragon boats are long and thin. Although the size of the boats

32、 and their crews can vary, in most cases, the crew consists of 20 paddlers who sit side-by-side in pairs facing the bow. There is also a drummer who sits at the bow of the boat facing the paddlers.During a race, the drummer leads the paddlers by beating rhythmically on a drum. In addition to the dru

33、mmer, there is also a steerer who sits in the back of the boat and helps to steer it using a long steering oar.Most dragon boat racing teams include a drummer who helps the rowers stay in sync.Live dragon boat races can be seen on most major bodies of water in China during the festival.The distance

34、covered by racers can vary from 100 to 2,000 meters (328 to 6,562 feet). The most common length for a race, however, is 500 meters (1,640 feet).Official races organized by organizations like the HYPERLINK https:/www.dragonboat.sport/ t _blank International Dragon Boat Federationare held in many part

35、s of the world. In mainland China, there are also various informal races organized by local villages and communities. Many of these informal races are held in communities where people have a close relationship with nearby bodies of water and most families own their own boats. In these settings, inst

36、ead of watching from the bank, villagers sometimes row their family boats out into the river so that they can get a closer look at the dragon boats during the race.People living in small communities where local races are held usually know most or all of the members of the dragon boat teams. Often, t

37、hey are related to many of the crew members by birth or marriage. Because of the close relationships between audience members and participants, the atmosphere during these local races can be particularly exuberant.Eating zngziAlmost every Chinese holiday has a specific food or foods associated with

38、it, and Dragon Boat Festival is no different. On this holiday, the food of choice is zngzi (粽子).Zongzi come in both sweet and savory varieties.Zngzi are a type of pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice and stuffed with various sweet or savory fillings. Common fillings for sweet zngzi include

39、 sweet red bean paste or jujube (Chinese dates).Savory zngzi might be stuffed with salted egg yolks, pork or mushrooms. The dumplings themselves are wrapped in bamboo leaves, tied with a string, and either steamed or boiled.Eating zongzi is said to be a way to commemorate the poet Qu Yuan.As discuss

40、ed above, legend has it that people eat zngzi on the Dragon Boat Festival as a way to remember the poet Qu Yuan. This is because zngzi are thought to resemble the rice dumplings thrown into the water by villagers to stop the fish from eating his body after his suicide.If you want to try zngzi at mos

41、t times of the year, you will likely be hard-pressed to find any. However, in the weeks leading up to the Dragon Boat Festival, zngzi suddenly become available everywhere. Many Chinese families make their own, and pre-made versions also suddenly become available at most corner convenience stores.Alt

42、hough the Dragon Boat Festival has a long history, it has not always found favor with the Chinese authorities. During the 1960s, when China was embroiled in the HYPERLINK /world/2016/may/11/the-cultural-revolution-50-years-on-all-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-political-convulsion t _blank Cultural Revolution, campaigns a