主语从句详解

1、主语从句详解一、概述在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句.根据它们在句中的语法作用,这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句.二、主语从句主要有四类由连词that引导的主语从句：引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省.例如：Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.Thatyouaresoindifferentbothersme.Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.用连词whether引导的主语从句：whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省.注意：引导主语从句，不能用if,只能用w

2、hether.例如：Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.Whethersheisingornotdoesntmattertoomuch.用连接代词引导的主语从句在由连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引导的名词性从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分.例如：Whatyouneedismorepractice.WhatIwanttoknowisthis.Whateverwedoistoservethep

3、eople.注：whatever/whoever的功用whatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义.它引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等.whatever二anythingthat;whoever二anyonewho.要注意和whatever,whoever弓丨导的让步状语从句的区别.Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(主语从句)(=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.)Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.(让步状语从句)(=Nomatterwhobre

4、aksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.)用连接副词when,where,why,how引导名词性从句(其连接副词有含义，在句中作状语.)例如：Whereweshouldleaveitisaproblem.Whentheywillehasntbeenmadepubic.三、注意点：it构成的主语从句(1)由连词that引导的主语从句，在多数情况下放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语.例如：Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.=Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.Whe

5、ntheplaneistotakeoffhasnotbeenannounced.=Ithasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplaneistotakeoff.(但当what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语.)错：Itisabookwhathewants.对：Whathewantsisabook.另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别.试比较：ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.Aswasreported，theUSwasundertheterrorist

6、attack.(2)常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat事实是Itisgoodnewsthat是好消息Itisaquestionthat是个问题Itismonknowledgethat是常识类似的名词还有：apity;awonder；agoodthing；nowonder；surprise等.例如：Itisamysterytomehowitallhappened.Itismonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.ItisnosurprisethatBobshouldhavewonthegame.Itsapitythatyou

7、missedthefilm.Itis+形容词+从句Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisclearthat很清楚Itislikelythat很可能Itisimportantthat重要的是类似的形容词还有：Strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing，etc.例如：Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletoe.Itwasreall

8、yastonishingthatherefusedtotalktoyou.A.TheestimateB.TheestimatedItisessentialthatheshouldbeherebytheweekend.Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.Itisnecessarythatyou(should)mastertheputer.ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell.Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoon.需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“(shoul

9、d)+动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气.Itis+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat据说Itisreportedthat据报道Ithasbeenprovedthat已证明Itmustbeprovedthat必须指出类似的过去分词还有：known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;madeclear;foundout，etc.例如：Itisthoughtthatheisthebestplayer.Itisestimatedthatthevasei

10、s2000yearsold.Itisusedtobethoughtthatanewstarmustbeduetoacollisionbetweentwostars.Ithasnotbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic.Itissaidthathewaskilledintheearthquake.Itseems(happened/appears/doesntmatter/makesnodifference/occurred)thatItseemsthattheywillwinthegame.Itmakesnodifferencewhet

11、herhewillattendthemeetingornot.ItdoesnotmatterifImissedmytrain.IthappenedthatIsawhimyesterday.主从练习1.asmuchasone-fifthofalltimberharvestedisnotused.C.TheyareestimatedD.ItisestimatedthatC.TheyareestimatedD.Itisestimatedthat2.somemammalscametoliveintheseaisnotknown.3.A.WhichHowB.SinceC.AlthoughDnts.A.4

12、.A.C.5.6.wehaveachievedisattributedtotheguidanceofourpareWhoeverwealthyForTheAlthoughfiction,B.WhateverC.HoweverD.ThathedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatreasonthatheisreasonofbeingA.whichD.itsheB.D.A.Thatamanisgreedy.JustbecauseheThatheishappenedinthisdevelopedcountrysoundslikeitcouldoccurelsewhereinthewor

13、ld.B.whatC.howisscienchadforgottentooccurredtoherC.Toherthatoccurredrthat7.IamsurethatA.whichD.what8.WethatA.9.takehernotebook.B.SheoccurredthatD.Itoccurredtoheshesaidiswrong.B.allC.thislostourwayintheitwasgettingdark.thatD.WhatA.HeingC.10.forest,andmademattersworsewasB.whichC.itornotisThatingItsheA

14、.doubtwhetherD.doubtfulwhetherstillllbeuncertain.B.IfheD.isingWhetherhesingabletoe.B.doubtfulC.doubtit11._heisatworkintheheartofthebigcityorathomeinthequietsuburb,Dickslifeistiedtomachines.A.WhetherB.TillC.IfD.Unless12._hesawbothsurprisedandfrightenedhim.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhatD.Which13._iswarmsunshine.A

15、.Whatdoweallneed.B.WhatallweneedC.WhatweneedD.Whatweallneed14._isapitythatheshouldfeelsoupset.A.WhatB.ThatC.HeD.It15.spoonfulofsoilcantellussomuchaboutthestructureandearlyhistoryofthemoon.C.act16.17.A.RemarkableItisremarkablethatB.D.thatA.D.WhoQuiteItisremarkablyremarkablefyounominatewillbeelected.B

16、.WhomC.WhomeverThatsbookyouborrowmustbereturnedwithinweek.A.WhatB.WhichC.WhicheverD.Thats18.ofusgetshomefirststartscooking.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhicheverD.Anyonemakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.WhateverItworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forWhenandwhyhecamehereyet.A.is

17、notknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknownisnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateOwingtoafewminuteslateThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateBeingafewminuteslateTomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom.A.ThatthatyouhadexpectedB.What廿玄七youhadexpectedC.ThatwhatyouhadexpectedD.Whatwhatyouhadexpe

18、ctedwegoswimmingeverydayusalotofgood.A.If.doB.That.doC.If.doesD.That.does7.ItBobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat8.Itsuncertaintheexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.howtheboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Whichwecantgetseemsbettertha

19、nwehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,whatyoudontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether12.wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.WhereisgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartymittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Whowellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.When

20、B.WhyC.WhatD.Thathewontgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.Thisthehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.Whatyoueornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whethermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybodyteamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.WhichB

21、.ThatC.IfD.HowWhoisthisfactorysomeforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone21.Isthisfactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone22.leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who表语从句1、概述用作表语的从句叫作表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词之后.引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether

22、、asthough（if）;关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等.可以接表语从句的连系动词由be,look,remain,seem等.That引导表语从句时,在口语中,间或可以省略.Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们资金短缺.ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.这就是

23、为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因.Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldntthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来.2、由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句.that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question（问题），trouble（麻烦），problem（问题），result（结果），chance（可能性），suggestion（建议），idea（想法），reason（理由）等.表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化

24、.Thetroubleis（that）shehaslosthismoney.麻烦的事是他丢了钱.Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋.Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了.Whatshecouldntunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣.3、由关系代词引导的表语从句.关系代词who,what,which

25、,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.问题是我们哪一个应该去.Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.问题是谁能做这项工作.Thatswhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在担心的事.Thatswhatweshoulddo.那是我们应该做的.4、由关系副词引导的表语从句.Goandgetyourcoat.Itswhereyouleftit.去把雨衣拿来.就在你原来放的地方.Ihadn

26、eitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.ThatswhyIgotwetthrough.我们既没伞也没雨衣,这是我们淋湿的原因.Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的.Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.那就是他所担心的.5、由连词because,asif/asthough等引导的表语从句.Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起来好像要下雪了.Thatsbecauseweneverthoughtofit.这是因为我们从未想过此事.Itseemsasifh

27、edidntknowtheanswer.好像他不知道答案.可以接表语从句的系动词有：1：be(being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2:feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell3:stand,lie,remain,keep,stay4:bee,get,grow,turn,go,e,run,fall5:prove,turnout系动词的固定搭配:etrue,fallasleep,fallill,gobad,eright,runwild连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/wh

28、om/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/because注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略.Thetruthis（that）Ididntgothere.事实是我没去那儿.考题1Thetraditionalviewiswesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that答案D解析下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句,如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思.因此,应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that.考题

29、2Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisisIdisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how答案B解析下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语（“disagree”属于不及物动词，“Idisagree”本身是完整的主谓结构），下划线应填入引导词where,表语从句“whereIdisagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、我不同意的地方”.考题3IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD

30、.where答案A解析下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语，下划线应填入表示“因此”（指因某种原因所造成的结果）的引导词why.考题4shecouldntunderstandwasfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that答案A解析第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语，特指她所不理解的事情，应填入关系代词型的引导词what;第二个下划线处表示“因此”（指因某种原因所造成的后果，由why引导对应

31、的名词性从句）而不是“为什么”（指原因、理由，由because引导对应的名词性从句），应填入引导词why.考题5madetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because答案B解析第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语，特指令校方骄傲的事情，应选用关系代词型的引导词what;第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、理由，应由that引导对应的名词性从句.考题6Areyoustillthi

32、nkingaboutyesterdaysgame?Oh，thats.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited答案A解析A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”；B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”；C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”；D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”.四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应，充当表语从句.表语从句与宾语从句的关系不属于的宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句.其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同.故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充

33、当表语的句子叫表语从句.宾语从句（1）对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点语序:从句的语序必须是陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”这种形式.时态:当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以是任何时态，而当主句是一般过去时的时候，从句，从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态，即（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）.连接词：当从句意思完整，主句意思肯定时，连接词用that,且可以省去，当从句意思完整，主句意思不确定或含否定含意时，常用if或whether（是否），当从句意思不完整时，连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词.表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句,位于主句系动词的后面.表语从句的引导词

34、和主语从句的引导词相同.也是名词性从句的一种.如：Whatthepolicewanttoknowiswhenyouenredredtheroom警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间.TheThetroubleisthatweareshortoffunds困难是我们缺乏资金.ThisThisiswhatweshoulddo这是我们应当做的.That”sswhyIwantyoutoworkthere那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因.HisHisfirstquestionwaswhetherMr.Smithhadarrivedyet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有.注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序,即陈述语

35、序.asasif,asthough,becau也可用来引导表语从句.SheSheseemsasifshehaddoneagreatthing她看起来好像做了一件大事.1111isbecauseyoueattoomuch那是因为你吃得太多了.表从练习wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweekA.thatB.if2ThereasonwhyhefailedisA.becauseB.that3.Goandgetyourcoat.ItsA.whereB.there1.ThequestionisC.whenD.whetherhewastoocareless.C.forD.because

36、ofyouleftitC.therewhereD.wherethere4TheproblemistotaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecangetWhatIwanttoknowishelikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填ThereasonisImissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.whatThatiswewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.whatShelookedshewereten

37、yearsyounger.7.8.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough-Ithinkitisyouaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.Thereasonwhyhehasnteis_A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismotherC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill11.Hewasbornhere.-Thatis_helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how12.Thatis_LuXunoncelived

38、.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.Why9.Ifellsick!beingill1yourfatherwantstoknowisgettingonwithyourA.What;howareyouB.That；howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；howyouare2.Thetroubleis_weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat3.Americawaswasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewherestudies.Chin

39、aisbeingstrongerandstronger.ItisnolongerA.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobehereallymeansishedisagreeswithus.A.WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.WhatwhatD.ThatwhatTheenergyismakesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.SuchIdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthatyo

40、uhadafewdaysoff？A.whyB.whatC.whenD.whereIhadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrellaIgotwetthrough.A.ItsthereasonB.ThatswhyC.ThereswhyD.Itshowmorning.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?ThatwaswedidthisA.whenB.whichC.whereD.what-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeel

41、excitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcitedWhatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich1.Thequestioniswewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2Thereasonwhyhefailedishewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.whereB.thereC.therew

42、hereD.wherethereTheproblemis_totaketheplaceofTedwhocanwegetB.whatwecangetwhowecangetD.thatwecangetWhatIwanttoknowishelikesthegiftgivenbyus.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填Thereasonis_Imissedthebus.thatB.whenC.whyD.whatThatis_wewerelatelasttime.thatB.whenC.whyD.whatShelookedsheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.

43、asD.asthoughItGoandgetyouleftityourcoat.sA.4A.C.5.A.6.A.A.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthoughIfellsick!-Ithinkitisyouaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.becauseThereasonwhyhehasnteis.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismothersbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisillHewasbornhere.-Thatishelikestheplace

44、somuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.howThatisLuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why13yourfatherwantstoknowisgettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyouB.That；howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；howyouareThetroubleisweareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythatAmericawaswasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.whatB.whereC

45、.theplaceD.therewhereChinaisbeingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger.A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobehereallymeansishedisagreeswithus.A.WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.WhatwhatD.Thatwhat18Theenergyis_makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such19IdrovetoZhuha

46、ifortheairshowlastweek.Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff？A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where20.IhadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrellaIgotwetthrough.A.ItsthereasonB.ThatswhyC.ThereswhyD.ItshowSeetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswedidthismorning.A.whenwhichwherewhat-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcitedWhatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich综合练习Ithasbeenp