英语句子成分以及练习

1、关于英语句子成分及练习第一张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月词类分为实词和虚词实 词名词（表人或物、表时间、表方位）动词（动作行为、发展变化、心理活动等）形容词（表事物的形状、性质、状态）数词（含确数、概数、序数）量词（表物量或动量）代词（含人称、疑问和指示代词）副词(用在动词或形容词前)介词(用在名词或代词前)连词(起连接作用)助词(起辅助作用,表附加的语气、动态或结构意义)叹词(表示感叹或呼唤应答)拟声词(摹拟事物的声音)虚 词第二张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月二）主语：主语 (Subject) 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事. 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在

2、there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：第三张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is

3、 a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）第四张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）第五张，PPT共三十一页，创作于202

4、2年6月（三）谓语 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.第六张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月（三）谓语 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如： Do you speak Engli

5、sh？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。第七张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月（四）表语 表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如： 第八张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6

6、月1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）2.Is it yours?（代词）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）4.The speech is exciting.（分词）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）第九张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介词

7、短语）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）第十张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meetin

8、g.3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He seems (to be) very sad.第十一张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。4）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：The river

9、 was beginning to run dry. 6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达结果是;证明是 ，之意，例如：The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.第十二张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月（五）宾语 宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How ma

10、ny dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）第十三张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）第十四张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月宾语

11、种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如： He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother.（2）复合宾语（

12、宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.第十五张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月下列动词只能接不定式做宾语 ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如： He refused to lend me his bike.第十六张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月下列动词只能

13、接动名词做宾语 admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如： John has admitted breaking the window .第十七张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如：Dont forget to c

14、ome here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)第十八张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月（六）宾语补足语 宾语补足语（Object Complement），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：第十九张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月1.His fathe

15、r named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）第二十张，PPT共三十

16、一页，创作于2022年6月（七）定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）第二十一张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月5.Ou

17、r monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class. (定语从句)第二十二张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月（八）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（A

18、dverbial）。可由以下形式表示 ：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）第二十三张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must contin

19、ue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）第二十四张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月9种状语种类如下： 1. How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点

20、状语）（方式状语）第二十五张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）第二十六张，PPT共三十一页，创作

21、于2022年6月 （九）同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.（十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如：To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.第二十七张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月练习一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school b

22、us.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S. 主Attribute定O. 宾Predicate 谓Adverbial 状Attribute 定Adverbial 状Adverbial 状第二十八张，PPT共三十一页，创作于2022年6月6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to le