7052-非常重要框架期末总合

1、Lecture3 tort of negligence:three elements: 1. Duty of Care2. Breach of the duty of care: Standard of care; Failure tomeet the standard3.Damage : Causation; Scope of liability (remoteness)To establish a duty of care, plaiffs must show two things:rm of the kind they suffered was foreseeable (t is, wa

2、s a realnot far-fetched or fanciful) 案例：Chapman v Hearse; andsibility andt,he circumstan, it was not unreasonable to ime a duty on thermdefendant/s to take care not to do anythingt would causeTo prove a breach of duty the plaiff must prove two things:t he or she was owed a particular standard of car

3、e (this might be referred to as thescope of the duty of care and its extent is a question of law); andt the defendant failed to meetappropriate precautions (a question ot required standard or failed to take thect).For damage, a plaiff must prove three things: (此部分tutorial question 没有涉及)1.t the loss,

4、 damage or injury they suffered is recognised by the law;2.t the loss, damage or injury was caused by the defendants negligence; and3.witht the loss, damage or injury is not too remote in law to be recoverable (he scope of liability)t is,Negligent missement: 如投资失败，是否要对此类miss了某机构之后投资，结果该机构传达了错误信息导致em

5、ent 负责，见PPT P24-P28Lecture 4chapter4 contract: formation 形成Bilateral and unilateral contracts(e.g. reward)Essential elements:Offer: 区别于inviion to treat 如display of goods/ernet store/a call for tenders 招标Auction 拍卖落锤后达成合同Offer 终止的情况:death/withdrawal or revocation/lapse of timeacceptance (agreement):

6、邮寄时即生效,ex 是收到时在收到地生效ention to creaegal relations：即没有合同形成时需要判断的情况。Commerl relationship 一般断定为有ention 除了letters of comfort 和lottery;l,family, votary 一般断定为没有ention 除了几个soConsiderationPromissory of equitable estoppel: 订立合同后出言反悔的情况Lecture 5 chapter4 cont.Continue chapter 4 :chapter 5reionCapacity:1. Minor

7、s 未成年：买生活必需品有效力，买奢侈品无效力；获益的教育指导有效力；租赁，等可撤销；为保护未成年，misrepresenion 不负责。以上是common law，在新南州情况不同2. Corporate bodies 法人团体：已登记在Corporation ACT 的有效力，未登记无效3. 无意识不清醒的人：买生活必需品有效，其它无效4. Brupts: 可以有效但订合同前需说明Privity of contract 合同相对性：一般来说只能签合同的人提讼，保险合同除外Chapter 5reionion: 是否形成term 需要考虑几点PPT P4 右下如果陈述的只Sement/repr

8、esen是个人意见则不形成term，如果意在形成合同而做出promise/sement 则形成termParol evidence rule:合同一般不承认口头承诺Collateral 附属contract: 四点需满足 PPt P6Impd term: 未写未说的 包含了在商业，雇佣，贸易惯例，非正式合同，act in good faith 方面Incorporation of terms：一般见于票背面和打勾条款Excluclause 免责条款：只能免责到被represented 的程度，需在订立合同前给出并reasonable notice，是否覆盖了breach 行为Lecture 6

9、chapter6 contracts ies affecting consent andagreement& chapter7 Contracts: Termination and Breachchapter 6 (misrepresenion 的内容在 lecture5ppt 最后)ion: silence as misrepresenion 的几种情况P10misrepresenlack of true consent:common mistake/mutual mistakeunilateral mistake: mistakes about identify 有无意识和有意识的冒充，可

10、撤销，除非第接手了，face to face 交易是最难以撤销的方式duress 强迫undue influence（有一方 strong,有支配优势）:presumed undue influence: certain relationship 如医生proof 在支配方，神父教民。Burden ofactuadue influence: burden of proof 在contracts: 如Amadio 意大利夫妻被儿子unconscionablechapter 7 termination and breachtermination: by performance； by agreem

11、ent: 几种类型P5；by frustration: 随后发生的不可预见的挫败。不同地方应用不同法律illegal contract：几种例子P7，对business/employment contract 中的限制条款的规定breach: 几种类型P7 breach of condition(major term), breach of warranty(minor term)order and injunction: court 发出令（要做什么）和禁令（停止做什么）damages:可以追索的损失费用的类型 P8 ； 考虑remoteness； mitigation必要的降低损失的行为需

12、采取了limiion of actions:采取法律行为的时限restitution：归还/赔偿：按劳计酬，如你我未签订合同，但劳动你了获得利益了，需要支付我劳动的；错误支付的钱lecture 7chapter8sale of goodsdefinition: 不含物物交换，商业租赁和劳动合同goods:动产。不含劳动，艺术，知识，不动产等consideration: not only money。Transfer of property：风险的转移，卖方对商品是否有ownership P4Remedies：对买方和对卖方Lecture 8 chapter 10&11 Australian C

13、onsumer Law部分 chapter 10 内容在上一节的 PPT P6 之后Meaning of customersMerchantable quality/ fitness for pure:只用于正常人的需求不必适用于个人特殊需求Say sle下面的内容在本节 PPTGuarantee P1：goods/servis51-s59Consumer remediesMisleading and deceptive conduct s18Bait advertising P4Specific false represenion: s 29 (1) (a)(k)country of ori

14、gins29 (1) (L)(N)P8-P10 unsolicited sale 主动提供的, pyramid selling 传销, referral selling inertia selling 惯性销售式销售，Remedies: corrective publicity orders, infringement noti, injunctions, penalties, damagesLecture 9 chapter 15 agencyDefinitionAuthority of agent: expresual authority: written/ oral P2Impd actual authority: 可根据一个人在公司的职位推断可以ratification 批准 retrospectively反言：法条：如果第人职位变动，委托方与第下 P3 右下有理由相信人力但实际没有，或Estoppel签订合同之后不能反言，保护第P2 右但委托方is not liable 如果第本应怀疑人并却没有Types, categories人rights and duties P4 下面人al liability: 一般没有，除非了委托方的存在或名字信息 P5委托方duties P5关系的终止 P6Lecture10 chapter 20 prop