Oracle11gR2“加”RAC“加”ASM“加”OracleLinux64安装详解

1、.：.； HYPERLINK /xmlrpc.php?r=blog/article&uid=29655480&id=4681 Oracle 11g R2+RAC+ASM+OracleLinux6.4安装详解图2021-12-08 18:10:28分类：Oracle一、版本阐明发现网上相关文章很多但是不是很专，因此细化版本为了使文章更加适用。这次搭建的是Oracle 11g R2 的RAC环境，运用的操作系统版本为Oracle Linux 6.4点击(此处)折叠或翻开rootnode1 # lsb_release -aLSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-n

2、oarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarchDistributor ID: OracleServerDescription: Oracle Linux Server release 6.4Release: 6.4Codename: n/a内核版本：点击(此处)折叠或翻开rootnode1 # uname -r2.6.39-400.17.1.el6uek.x86_64UEK代表Unbreakable Enterpr

3、ise Kernel，是Oracle专门为Oracle Linux定制的内核，可以提供在线支持和对数据库的支持，算是OracleLinux的卖点之一。本文中一些配置过程会因适用UEK版本而得到简化二、Oracle 11g R2 RAC安装整体步骤1.效力器预备 (system, storage, and network administration):安装操作系统并晋级到满足Oracle安装要求的版本。创建安装所需求的组、用户以及软件的家目录。设置GNS域名假设您计划部署GNS，并且完成网络地址在DNS和效力器上的配置。设置所要求的存储。将一切安装文件拷贝到一个节点上。2.安装Oracle G

4、rid集群根底架构, 包括Oracle Clusterware和Oracle ASM (system and storage administration):为集群安装Oracle Grid根底架构软件。在安装过程中，Fixup脚本进展操作系统参数、SSH和用户环境变量等参数的附加调整。晋级Oracle Clusterware和Oracle ASM到最新补丁。3.安装Oracle RAC (database administration): 安装Oracle RAC 打补丁到最新版本 完成安装后的调试三、详细安装过程及阐明参考官方文档1.经过SecureCRT或TerminalX建立命令行衔接

5、。2.在每一个节点上添加安装Oracle Grid的用户、组和家目录，并设置权限。点击(此处)折叠或翻开# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1000 oinstall# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1020 asmadmin# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1021 asmdba# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1022 asmoper# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1031 dba# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1032 oper# useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmad

6、min,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid# useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle# mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01# mkdir /u01/app/oracle# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle# chmod -R 775 /u01/参照官方文档，采用GI与DB分开安装和权限的战略，对于多实例管理有利。3.检查效力器各个节点的

7、配置能否符合安装要求I.效力器硬盘空间要求/tmp目录大小至少：1GB安装Grid Infrastracture所需空间：6.6GB安装Oracle Database所需空间：4GB此外安装过程中分析、搜集、跟踪文件所需空间：10GB建议总共至少30GB，放心！此处不包含ASM或NFS的空间需求II.效力器内存要求内存大小：至少2.5GBSwap大小：当内存为2.5GB-16GB时，Swap需求大于等于系统内存。当内存大于16GB时，Swap等于16GB即可。III.检查和调试代码查看内存及Swap大小的命令如下。点击(此处)折叠或翻开# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

8、# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo查看/tmp目录以及配置单独lv的命令如下。点击(此处)折叠或翻开# df -h /tmp# lvcreate -L 2G -n lv_tmp vg_temp# mount /dev/vg_temp/lv_tmp /tmp# df -h /tmp4.设置操作系统相关参数 这一项在非Oracle Linux的操作系统中算是一项比较繁琐的任务，然而我们这次安装的版本是Oracle Linux 6.4 withUnbreakable Enterprise Kernel，因此我们有了更简单的方法，就是经过安装Oracle Preinstall

9、ation RPM来实现相关操作系统参数的调整和软件包的安装。这个安装包主要完成以下任务：Automatically downloads and installs any additional RPM packages needed for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database, and resolves any dependenciesCreates anoracleuser, and creates the oraInventory (oinstall) and OSDBA (dba) groups for th

10、at userAs needed, setssysctl.confsettings, system startup parameters, and driver parameters to values based on recommendations from the Oracle Preinstallation RPM programSets hard and soft resource limitsSets other recommended parameters, depending on your kernel version此安装包位于操作系统安装盘的Packages目录下。点击(

11、此处)折叠或翻开# cd /mnt/install_DVD# cd Packages# ll | grep preinstall-rw-r-r- 1 root root 15524 Jan 16 2021 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm# rpm -ivh oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm安装包修正/etc/sysctl.conf的内容如下：其中标有oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall字样注释的

12、便是安装包所添加的参数。点击(此处)折叠或翻开# cat /etc/sysctl.conf# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.# Controls IP packet forwardingnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 0# Controls source route verificationnet.ipv4.con

13、f.default.rp_filter = 1# Do not accept source routingnet.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernelkernel.sysrq = 0# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applicatio

14、ns.kernel.core_uses_pid = 1# Controls the use of TCP syncookiesnet.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1# Disable netfilter on .bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queuekernel.msgmnb = 6553

15、6# Controls the maximum size of a message, in byteskernel.msgmax = 65536# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for fs.file-max is 6815744fs.file-max = 6815744# oracle-rdbms-se

16、rver-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.sem is 250 32000 100 128kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096kernel.shmmni = 4096# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824 on x86_64# oracle-rdbms-server-11g

17、R2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmall is 2097152 on i386kernel.shmall = 1073741824# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmax is 4294967295 on i386kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104# oracle-r

18、dbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144net.core.rmem_default = 262144# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144net.core.w

19、mem_default = 262144# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576net.core.wmem_max = 1048576# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 1048576fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_ra

20、nge is 9000 65500net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 655005.配置Oracle网络I.硬件配置要求每个效力器节点至少需求2块网卡，一块对外网络接口，一块私有网络接口心跳。假设他经过OUI安装Oracle集群软件，需求保证每个节点用于外网或私网接口网卡名保证一致。比如，node1运用eth0作为对外接口，node2就不能运用eth1作为对外接口。II.IP配置要求存在为集群效力的DHCPDHCP能为每个节点提供足够的IP，一个虚拟IP、3个SCAN IPIII.非GNS下手动配置IP实例6.检查操作系统软件包首先，根据操作系统版本到官方文

21、档中找到安装包需求列表，如以下图可以经过mount安装盘或直接经过yum源检查和安装所需求的包：点击(此处)折叠或翻开# rpm -qa packages_name# rpm -ivh packages_name# yum list packages_name# yum install packages_name这里还要提一下：CVUdisk这个包也可以在这个时候一同安装好，以备之后运用CVU时会用到。点击(此处)折叠或翻开# 检查能否曾经安装# rpm -qi cvuqdisk# 假设已安装需求先卸载之前的版本# rpm -e cvuqdisk# 安装新版本# CVUQDISK_GRP=oi

22、nstall; export CVUQDISK_GRP# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm7.封锁NTP及端口范围参数修正点击(此处)折叠或翻开# Oracle建议运用Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service，因此封锁删除NTP# /sbin/service ntpd stop# chkconfig ntpd off# rm /etc/ntp.conf (mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.old)# rm /var/run/ntpd.pid检查TCP/UDP端口范围#cat /proc/sys/

23、net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range假设曾经显示9000 65500,就不用进展下面的步骤了# echo 9000 65500 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range# vim /etc/sysctl.conf# 添加此行：# TCP/UDP port rangenet.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500# 重启网络# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart8.调整.bash_profile内容并设置显示地址点击(此处)折叠或翻开设置参数：$ su - root# mkd

24、ir /mount_point/tmp# chmod 775 /mount_point/tmp# exit$ vi .bash_profile参与行：TEMP=/mount_point/tmpTMPDIR=/mount_point/tmpexport TEMP TMPDIR参与行：umask 022参与行：DISPLAY=local_IP:0.0 ; export DISPLAYlocal_IP为他要将安装视图所显示的桌面地址检查设置参数$ umask$ env | more$ echo $DISPLAY$ echo $TEMP$ echo $TMPDIR9.配置SSH互信这是很关键的一步，虽

25、然官方文档中声称安装GI和RAC的时候OUI会自动配置SSH，但为了在安装之前运用CVU检查各项配置，还是手动配置互信更优。点击(此处)折叠或翻开配置过程如下：各节点生成Keys：rootrac1 # su - oracleoraclerac1 $ mkdir /.sshoraclerac1 $ chmod 700 /.sshoraclerac1 $ ssh-keygen -t rsaoraclerac1 $ ssh-keygen -t dsarootrac2 # su - oracleoraclerac2 $ mkdir /.sshoraclerac2 $ chmod 700 /.sshor

26、aclerac2 $ ssh-keygen -t rsaoraclerac2 $ ssh-keygen -t dsa在节点1上进展互信配置：oraclerac1 $ touch /.ssh/authorized_keysoraclerac1 $ cd /.sshoraclerac1 .ssh$ ssh rac1 cat /.ssh/id_rsa.pub authorized_keysoraclerac1 .ssh$ ssh rac2 cat /.ssh/id_rsa.pub authorized_keysoraclerac1 .ssh$ ssh rac1 cat /.ssh/id_dsa.pu

27、b authorized_keysoraclerac1 .ssh$ ssh rac2 cat /.ssh/id_dsa.pub authorized_keys在rac1把存储公钥信息的验证文件传送到rac2上oraclerac1 .ssh$ pwd/home/oracle/.sshoraclerac1 .ssh$ scp authorized_keys rac2:pwdoraclerac2s password:authorized_keys 100% 1644 1.6KB/s 00:00设置验证文件的权限在每一个节点执行：$ chmod 600 /.ssh/authorized_keys启用用

28、户一致性在他要运转OUI的节点以oracle用户运转(这里选择rac1)：oraclerac1 .ssh$ exec /usr/bin/ssh-agent $SHELLoraclerac1 .ssh$ ssh-addIdentity added: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa)Identity added: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa)验证ssh配置能否正确以oracle用户在一切节点分别执行：ssh rac1 datessh rac2 datess

29、h rac1-priv datessh rac2-priv date假设不需求输入密码就可以输出时间，阐明ssh验证配置胜利。必需把以上命令在两个节点都运转，每一个命令在第一次执行的时候需求输入yes。假设不运转这些命令，即使ssh验证曾经配好，安装clusterware的时候也会出现错误：The specified nodes are not clusterable由于，配好ssh后，还需求在第一次访问时输入yes，才算是真正的无妨碍访问其他效力器。请谨记，SSH互信需求实现的就是各个节点之间可以无密码进展SSH访问。10.为Grid集群根底软件配置存储运用ASMOracle所允许的存储主要

30、有ASM、NFS和ACFS等，这里仅引见ASM的配置过程。1安装ASM配置软件点击(此处)折叠或翻开依然是可以经过yum或者系统DVD光盘安装# cd /mnt/install_DVD/Packages# rpm -qi oracleasm# rpm -qi oracleasm-support# rpm -qi oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm/我们是Oracle Linux系统，此版本曾经集成了oracleasm和oracleasmlib，所以就不用再安装了2规划ASM磁盘组官方文档中规定了不同冗余战略下OCR、Voting Disk、Data

31、base和Recovery所需求的大小。找到存储管理员，把规划好的磁盘都让他给他配置好3配置ASM点击(此处)折叠或翻开格式化每个磁盘rootrac1 # fdisk /dev/sdb完成后我们经过fdisk -l查看一下rootrac1 # fdisk -lrootrac1 # /usr/sbin/oracleasm configure -iDefault user to own the driver interface : gridDefault group to own the driver interface : asmadminStart Oracle ASM library dri

32、ver on boot (y/n) n: yScan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) y: yrootrac1 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL1 /dev/sdb1rootrac1 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL2 /dev/sdc1rootrac1 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL3 /dev/sdd1以下操作在另一个节点上进展，RAC2上操作rootrac2 # oracleasm scandisks这里用到的是asmlib来做磁盘设备管理的，这里大家也可以运用UDEV来管理，在RHEL6中asmlib曾经被废弃了，以后就是UDEV的天下11.运用CVU检查各个节点的配置任务千辛万苦终于到了安装前的最后一步点击(此处)折叠