广东省2021中考英语第一部分语法精讲精练一名词课件

1、第一节 名词第一部分 语法精讲精练目录contents考点突破考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 课堂小测中考模拟演练考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四中考导航目录contents考点广东省卷近五年中考统计高频考点201220132014201520161.可数名词及其单复数2.不可数名词3.名词所有格4.名词辨析完形（2分）完形（2分）完形（3分）完形（2分）完形（2分）目录contents考情分析： 从近五年广东中考考查情况来看，名词是每年的必考点，单选题每年均考查其中的一个考点，可数名词及其单复数是考查的重点。2017年备考时应掌握好名词的各个考点，对可数名词及其单复数尤应重视。 名词辨析是完形

2、填空中的考查重点，近几年每年均考查2题以上，同学们要进行重点突破。目录contents考点预测:1.名词辨析：-tion: information, instruction，invitation，introduction，invention-ment: agreement,experiment,development,environmentchoice,rule,plan,chance，decision，experience, ability, success, culture, value 2.单复数：childchildren考点突破考点一 可数名词及其单复数考点二 不可数名词考点三 名词

3、所有格考点四 名词辨析目录contents考点突破目录contents 名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念名称的词。从名词所表示的事物的性质看，可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式，不可数名词一般没有复数形式。从名词的类别看，个体名词和集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。可数名词的单数形式一般可以用不定冠词(a，an)修饰；不可数名词一般不能用不定冠词(a，an)修饰。考点1 可数名词及其单复数Listen attentively1.可数名词的复数形式的构成考点1 可数名词及其单复数()构成例词规则变化一般情况下，直接在名词后加-schair-chairs

4、,boy-boys以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-esbaby-babies,city-cities以f(e)结尾的词，变f(e)为v，再加-esleaf-leaves,knife-knives,shelf-shelves,life-lives不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母man-men,foot-feet,tooth-teeth单复数形式相同sheep-sheep,deer-deer其他形式mouse-mice,child-child

5、ren,ox-oxen考点1 可数名词及其单复数Listen attentively 3.个别名词单数形式和复数形式是一样的。如:sheep，deer，fish，Chinese等。4.“某国人”变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。如：ChineseChinese, JapaneseJapanese;EnglishmanEnglishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen;AmericanAmericans,German考点1 可数名词及其单复数Listen attentively 5.集体名词:表示由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family，class，team，group，army

6、等。集体名词作主语，如视为整体，谓语动词用单数。如视为个体成员，谓语动词用复数。如:Our team needs money to play in another city.我们队需要钱去另一个城市比赛。考点1 可数名词及其单复数Listen attentively6.只能用复数形式的名词：trousers，clothes，people, police, cattle。7.由两个名词组成的复合名词常在最后一个名词变复数。如：a girl student two girl students an apple treefive apple trees但如果第一个名词是man或woman时，两个名词

7、都要变复数。如：a woman teacher ten women teachersa man nurse three men nurses（ ）1.（2016广东）The broken_ may cut into your hand if you touch it. You should be careful.A.glassB.glassesC.candleD.candles（）6.There are a lot of _ of bike riding. I agree. Its good for environment and it saves money.A.productsB.adva

8、ntagesC.instrumentsD.instructionsA母题训练中考预测B考点1 可数名词及其单复数Listen attentively（ ）2.（2015 广东）Mickey mouse is one of the most famous _ in American _.A.symbol；cultureB.symbol； culturesC. symbols； cultureD. symbols； cultures（）7. What a good _ youve given me! Thanks a lot.My preasure.A.informationB.newsC.sug

9、gestionD.adviceC母题训练中考预测C考点1 可数名词及其单复数Listen attentively（ ）3.（2012 广东）The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _ there.A.bird B.duckC.sheep D. rabbit（ ）8.My sister has a pen pal . She is from _.A.CanadaB.JapaneseC.EnglishD.AustralianC母题训练中考预测A考点1 可数名词及其单复数Listen attentively（ ）4.（2011

10、广东） I hear you run for half an hour every day.Right, we have to. It is one of the _ in our school.A.rules B.plansC.hobbies D.choices（）9. My father loves fishing. Its one of his_.A. hobbiesB. hobbyC. a hobbyD. some hobbiesA母题训练中考预测A Listen attentively考点1 可数名词及其单复数（ ）5.（2010 广东）Look！The kites in the s

11、ky are in different _. Some are big and some are small.size B. sizesC.colour D. colours（）10. Could you give some _ to the _ teachers?A.advice；manB. advices；menC. suggestion；manD. suggestions；menB母题训练中考预测DListen attentively考点1 可数名词及其单复数考点2 不可数名词Listen attentively考点2 不可数名词 ( )1. 不可数名词通常无复数形式。2在没有量词的情况

12、下，不可数名词前不能用a、an这两个不定冠词。3.不可数名词的量不可数名词要表示“一件”、“一个”等“量”的概念时，要用“数词+表示数量的名词+of+名词”来表示。如：a piece of paper(一张纸) two pieces of paper(两张纸) 考点2 不可数名词Listen attentivelyfive cups of tea(五杯茶)a bottle of juice(一杯果汁) four bottles of juice(四杯果汁)4.某些名词，表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的，而在表示个体概念时是可数的。如:A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是由玻

13、璃制成的。句中的第一个glass是玻璃杯，是个体名词，是可数的。第二个glass意思是玻璃，是物质名词，就是不可数的了。 再如:paper(纸)不可数，a paper(报纸，论文，试卷)可数。（ ）1.（2016广东）Mum,Ive heard that we cant eat _ these days.Is it true?Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat.A.chickenB.chickensC.a chickenD.the chicken（）2.There isnt any _ in the fridge. We need to go

14、shopping.A.oranges B.milkC.eggs D.applesA母题训练中考预测B考点2 不可数名词Listen attentively考点3 名词所有格Listen attentively考点3 名词所有格( ) 名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。 1.表示有生命名词的所有格，单数形式是加s，复数形式加s。如:students rooms，fathers shoes。 2.表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格用s。如:a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，two pounds weight，ten d

15、ollars worth。 考点3 名词所有格Listen attentively 3.无生命名词的所有格则用of结构。如:a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country。 4.表示共同所有的名词，只需在最后一个名词后加s。如：Tom and Mikes room表示汤姆和迈克共有的一间房。 表示分别所有的名词，需在每个名词后都加s。如：Marys and Jennys bikes表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车。考点3 名词所有格Listen attentively5.双重所有格a friend of my mother

16、s我妈妈的一个朋友 a picture of Toms汤姆的一张图片6.表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后的名词可以省略。如：at my uncles在我叔叔的家里at the doctors在医生的诊所里考点3 名词所有格Listen attentively巧学妙记名词所有格，某物是“谁的”。构成有方法，多数把s加。复数词尾有s，只加“”即可。名词无生命，常把of用。时间、地点和距离，所有格多用s。 考点3 名词所有格Listen attentively7.可用s或of短语表示的名词所有格。如：the boys name=the name of the boy男孩的名字the

17、 dogs legs=the legs of the dog狗的腿Chinas population=the population of China中国的人口Chinas capital=the capital of China中国的首都（ ）1.（2014广东）Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on _ Day.A.WomanB.WomenC.WomansD.Womens（）3.Tomorrow is _.The students want to buy some flowers for th

18、eir teachers.A.Teacher DayB.Teachers DayC.Teachers DayD.the Teachers DayD母题训练中考预测C考点3 名词所有格Listen attentively（ ）2.（2008广东）_ mothers both work in the same hospital.A.Tim and PetersB.Tims and PeterC.Tims and PetersD.Tim and Peter（）4.This is _ computer.A.Anns and TomB.Ann and TomsC.Ann and TomD.Anns an

19、d TomsC母题训练中考预测B考点3 名词所有格Listen attentively考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively考点4 名词辨析()1.cloth, clothes, clothing与dress(1)cloth指“布”、“布料”。(2)clothes指具体的衣服，包括内衣、外衣，不能与数词连用。(3)clothing是服装的总称，包括内衣、外衣，还包括帽子、鞋袜、手套之类，只用单数，无复数。(4)dress作不可数名词时，指外衣，尤指社交场合穿的服装。作可数名词时，常指连衣裙。考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively练习:a dish _I want t

20、o buy sports _.Now people are all in their winter _.She wore a blue _ last night.clothclothesclothingdress考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively2.dinner与meal的区别(1)dinner是指“正餐(午饭或晚饭)”或“宴会”。(2)meal是指“一餐(一顿饭)”。练习:Lets go and have _ together.What time do you usually have your _?dinnermeals考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively

21、3.sound, voice, noise(1)sound“声音”，指耳朵能听到的各种声音，多作可数名词。(2)voice“声音”，主要指人的声音。(3)noise指“噪音”。 可以作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，词组有make a noise等。练习:I was waiting for the _ of the other shoe!The teacher said in a loud_,“Please keep silent！”But every night he heard the _ upstairs.soundvoicenoise考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively4.

22、job与work都可译为“工作”、“劳动”。job，work是常用词，其区别:job是可数名词，work是不可数名词。练习:She got a _ of washing clothes.It takes a lot of _ to build a building.jobwork考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively5.person，people与man的区别这三个词有共同之处，都有“人”的意思，但也有不同之处。(1)person是指“人”(男人或女人)，有单数形式，也有复数形式。(2)people是复数形式，指“人民；人们”，不能指一个人。(3)man专指“男人”也指“人类”(

23、不用复数形式，不加冠词)。考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively练习:Two _ are waiting for you.He lived for the _ and died for the people.All _ must die.personspeoplemen考点4 名词辨析Listen blem与question都可译为“问题”，但它们所含的意思并不相同。(1)question一般是指等待回答的“问题；提问”。(2)problem一般是指等待解决(solve)或决定(decide)的“问题；难题”。练习:May I ask some _

24、?Thats no _.I can lend you my money. questionsproblem考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively7.table与desk都可译为“桌子”，其区别:table通常用于吃饭，游乐等。desk用于读书或办公，并且大多附有抽屉，常被称为“书桌”、“课桌”、“办公桌”等。练习:We were at _ when he arrived.There are many _ in the classroom.tabledesks考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively8.floor与ground两者都有“地面、地上”的含义。其区别:flo

25、or 一般指室内的地上、地板、地面，而ground常指室外的地面，也可泛指地球表面。练习:He was sitting on the _ when I came in.The _ is wet now.It must have rained last night.floorground考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively9.door与gate都可译为“门”。其区别:(1)door 一般指房子、房间、家具等的门，还可用于比喻意义。(2)gate指围墙、栅栏、篱笆等的开口处。练习:Close the _ when you go out.He walked through the _

26、 into the garden.doorgate考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively10.road，way, street(1)road指“公路；马路”，指两侧之间可以通行人或车辆的大道。“在马路上”一般用on the road。“穿过马路”用cross the road(或go across the road)。(2)way意为“路线；路途；方法”等，统指从一地到另一地的路途。常用固定词组有in this way(用这种方式)；on the way to(在去的路上)；get in the way of(挡道)等。考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively(3)s

27、treet表示“街道”，其两边有建筑物。“在街上”一般用in the street。“穿过街道”一般用go through the street。练习:Excuse me,can you tell me the_ to the post office?When he went home, he saw an old woman lying in the_.hThe_ in this village is wider than before.illage is wider than before.waystreetroad考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively11.family,

28、home(1)family表示“家；家庭”，也可指全体家庭成员。(2)home意为“家”，带有眷恋等感情色彩。练习:Tom has a big_.There are six people in his _.She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years.Shenzhen has become her second _.familyfamilyhome考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively12.idea, advice(1)idea表示“主意”，是可数名词。 例如:a good idea一个好主意(2)advice表示“建议”，“忠告”，是不可数名词。例

29、如:a piece of advice 一个忠告(一个建议)练习:Can you give me some_ on how to learn English well？He has got a good_ to deal with his old books.adviceidea考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively名词辨析完形填空 Once there lived an unhappy king who slept badly and didnt feel like eating anything.This made the _1_ and his people worried

30、.A _2_ was called in to examine him.The doctor said its all in his mind instead of his body. So neither _3_nor rest could help him but a shirt of a happy person.考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively The prime minister was called to the _4_. When hearing the kings situation, he said, “Although I have much _5_,

31、it doesnt make me happy.Im always worried about losing it.”Then, the kings banker came and said he had lots of wealth, but he also worried about losing it.He was never happy, either.Next, the palace singer came and his_6_were almost the same. 考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively Finally, the top general was t

32、old to find a happy _7_ in three days time.Luckily, he found a poor man without power, money or fame singing happily on a _8_.The general asked him what made him so happy.The poor man answered that he had everything he wanted and he didnt want those he couldnt have.His _9_came from the happiness in

33、his heart.When the general asked for the mans _10_, to his surprise,the man said,“What shirt? I dont own any shirts!”考点4 名词辨析Listen attentively( )1.A.queen B.prince C.princess D.brother( )2.A.man B.woman C.doctor D.superman ( )3.A.gold B.power C.money D. medicine( )4.A.palace B.house C.room D.grassl

34、and ( )5.A.money B.gold C.power D.help ( )6.A.words B.songs C.questions D.shirts ( )7.A.man B.singer C.king D. queen( )8.A.palace B.street C.island D.river ( )9.A.shirts B.words C.money D.songs ( )10.A.song B.shirt C.money D. happinessACDACAABDB课堂小测目录contents考点一 可数名词及其单复数考点二 不可数名词考点三 名词所有格考点四 名词辨析目录

35、contents( )1.(导学号 44372000)(2016四川广安)Have you heard of Lin Zexu and Zhan Tianyou?Of course.They are our national _.A.hero B.heros C.heroes D.heros( )2.(导学号 44372001)(2016云南昆明)Each couple in China can have two _from January 1st，2016.A.boy B.girl C.children D.child CC目录contents( )3.(导学号 44372002)(2016

36、广西南宁)These _ in beautiful dresses will have a party this evening.A.man B.men C.woman D.women( )4.(导学号 44372003)(2016四川绵阳)Do you want to be healthy? _ can help you stay healthy.A.Smile B.Smiling C.Smiles D.SmiledDA目录contents( )5.(导学号 44372004)(2016湖北荆州)Can you tell me some_ about the Brazil Olympic G

37、ames? OK.Let me help you search the Internet.A.service B.informationC.discussion D.success( )6.(导学号 44372005)(2016新疆)This is _ bedroom.Its tidy and nice.A.Lilys and Lucys B.Lily and Lucys C.Lilys and Lucy D.Lily and Lucy BB目录contents( )7.(导学号 44372006)(2016山东东营)Are you sure this is a photo _, the fa

38、mous comedy actress?It surprised you, didnt it? But she was once really thin.A.Jia Ling B.Jia Lings C.of Jia Ling D.of Jia Lings( )8.(导学号 44372007)(2016重庆)Its sports time.Most _ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.A.boy B.boys C.boys D.boysCA目录contents( )9.(导学号 44372008)(2016贵

39、州安顺)Therell be a _ meeting next week，and my parents will _come for it. A.parents；all B.parents；bothC.parents；all D.parents；both ( )10.(导学号 44372009)(2016甘肃天水)Its about _ from our school to my house.A.20 minutes walk B.20 minutes walkC.walk of 20 minutes D.20 minutes walksBA目录contents( )11.(导学号 44372

40、010)(2016安徽)Cathy has such a good _ that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year.A.sleep B.idea C.voice D.time( )12.(导学号 44372011)(2016山东东营)Why do people never cut up the _ on their birthdays?Because they are a symbol of long life.A.eggs B.cakes C.noodles D.dumplingsCC目录contents( )13.(

41、导学号 44372012)(2016湖北襄阳)Look! So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there.Theyre for public.This _ of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang City.A.number B.pair C.kind D.piece( )14.(导学号 44372013)(2016重庆)Its hot today.Have some _, please.No, thanks.Im not thirsty at all.A.water B.potato

42、es C.bread D.cakesCA目录contents( )15.(导学号 44372014)(2016江苏苏州)Steve Jobs was full of _always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society.A.instruction B.invitation C.introduction D.invention( )16.(导学号 44372015)(2016天津)Every year many foreign friends come to see the _of Tianjin, such

43、 as Tianjin Eye and Haihe River.A.concerts B.plays C.cartoons D.sightsDD目录contents( )17.(导学号 44372016)(2016山东泰安)What do you prefer for lunch, darling?Id like _ such as tomatoes, carrots or cabbages.A.meat B.eggs C.vegetables D.fruit( )18.(导学号 44372017)(2016四川绵阳)He was born in Germany,but he has made

44、 China his _.A.Family B.address C.house D.homeCD目录contents( )19.(导学号 44372018)(2016湖北孝感)Mom, I will eat less fast food this year, believe me.If you make a _, you must keep it.A.joke B.noise C.mistake D.promise( )20.(导学号 44372019)(2016广西来宾)There are many_about this farm.Yes, lots of _ are planted on

45、it.A.photo;potato B.photos;potatosC.photos;potatoes D.photoes;potatoesDC中考模拟演练目录contents目录contents( )1.(导学号 44372020) Would you like some _ for dinner?OK.A.tomatos B.tomato C.tomatoes D.Potatos( )2.(导学号 44372021)You are supposed to be more careful to make fewer _ while you are writing.A.trouble B.ma

46、tter C.mistakes D.problemsCC目录contents ( )3.(导学号 44372022)Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as _ to keep healthy.A.tomatoes and potatoesB.tomatos and potatosC.tomatos and potatoesD.tomato and potato( )4.(导学号 44372023)Lily, could you please pass me the _? I w

47、ant to cut the apple.Sure, here you are.A.pen B.pencil C.book D.knifeAD目录contents( )5.(导学号 44372024) In this test, were asked to write a passage of about _.A.80-words B.80-wordC.80 words D.80 words( )6.(导学号 44372025) There are some _ in Dayton Art Museum.For example, no food or drink is allowed insi

48、de.A.jobs B.records C.rules D.paintingsCC目录contents( )7.(导学号 44372026)There was a food accident in this primary school.About 60 _ were ill,but no _ were lost.A.child;lives B.children;lifeC.children;lives D.child;life( )8.(导学号 44372027)Paper-making is _ of ancient China.A.one of greatest inventorB.on

49、e of the greatest inventorsC.one of greatest inventionD.one of the greatest inventionsCD目录contents( )9.(导学号 44372028)_ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers.A.A number of;womenB.A number of; womanC.The number of;womenD.The number of;woman( )10.(导学号 44372029)

50、I hear you are not allowed to eat in class.Right.Its one of the _ in our school.A.plans B.orders C.rules D.suggestionsCC目录contents( )11.(导学号 44372030)I paid￥10 for _ this morning.A.4 bottle milks B.4 bottles of milkC.4 bottles of milks D.4 milk( )12.(导学号 44372031)Im hungry. May I have something to e

51、at?OK. Heres some _.A.orange B.bread C.water D.milkBB目录contents( )13.(导学号 44372032) Could you give me some _?I tried several times but failed.A.notice B.suggestion C.advice D.warm( )14.After P.E., I often feel very thirsty. Why not buy some _ to drink?A.bread B.noodles C.apple juice D.teasCC目录conten

52、ts( )15.(导学号 44372033) Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and _.A.some rice B.a few riceC.a little rices D.a rice( )16.(导学号 44372034)Mum, I am hungry.May I have some_?Of course.But dont eat too much.A.bread B.noodle C.dumpling D.hamburgerAA目录contents( )17.(导学号 44372035)How many _

53、are there on the table?Only two.A.glasses of orange B.glasses of orangesC.glass of orange D.glass of oranges( )18.(导学号 44372036)Im very thirsty now.Would you like some _?A.tea B.fish C.noodles D.potatoesAA目录contents( )19.(导学号 44372037) _ are planning to go on vacation.A.Blacks B.A BlacksC.The Blacks

54、 D.The Blacks( )20.(导学号 44372038) _ mothers cant go to the parents meeting because they are too busy.A.Jacks and Paul B.Jacks and PaulsC.Jack and Pauls D.Jack and PaulDB目录contents( )21.(导学号 44372039)Whose dog is this？Its_. Both of _ like it very much.A.Erics and Mikes；themB.Eric and Mikes；themC.Eric

55、 and Mikes；theyD.Erics and Mikes；they( )22.(导学号 44372040) Times magazine says that smart Lego has become one of _ favorite toys.A.Child B.children C.childrens D.childsBC目录contents( )23.(导学号 44372041)How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha？It is a _ flight from Tianjin to Changsha.A.2-hour-long B.2-ho

56、urs-longC.2 hours long D.2 hour long ( )24.(导学号 44372042)Marys skirt is the same as her _.A.sisters B.brother C.sisters D.brothersAC目录contents( )25.(导学号 44372043)I dont think looking after children is just _ work.A.woman B.womansC.women D.womens( )26.(导学号 44372044)I hear we will have a _ holiday in _.A.two days;two days time B.two-day;two days timeC.two-day;two