非谓语动词不定式

1、非谓语动词 定义 构成 用法Ms. White is showing her students some books _ from the library (2010,课标全国, 27)A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowingWith Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ a gift for my dad. (2010,山东, 15)A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. to be bought

2、 _ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height (2010,上海, 9)A. Approach B. Approached C. To approach D. Approaching非谓语动词是指在一个句子中不做谓语的动词. 非谓语动词具有动词特性- 表示动作，但不能作谓语，因为他不是句子要表达的主语所发出动作，或主语的身份，状态，属性。非谓语动词定义We intend to watch a film laterI saw Tom washing his car this morning只有动词 或

3、动词短语 能作谓语或者实义动词或者系动词 动词不定式 动名词 分词非谓语动词构成现在分词过去分词非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语，状语等成分We intend to watch a film laterI saw Tom washing his car this morning非谓语动词用法非谓语动词用法 1 动词不定式动词不定式由 to+动词原形 构成. 否定形式为 not to +动词原形动词不定式在句中可以作除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式一般带有目的和将来的语气We intend to watch a film laterI have taken some mone

4、y out of the bank to buy a gift for my dad动词不定式在句中起 名词, 形容词 或 副词 的作用 1 动词不定式因此，动词不定式在句子中可以做: 主语, 宾语, 定语, 表语, 状语 和 补语动词不定式的形式一般是to + 动词原形，to有时要省去* 。主语： 宾语： 定语： 动词不定式在句子中的各种成分To learn a new language requires hard workingIt requires hard working to learn a new language We are planning to leave They int

5、end to attack in the second halfThe plane to land came from Germany.The book to be published next the week is about China.分别记住接动名词和不定式作宾语的动词表语： 状语： 补语：动词不定式在句子中的各种成分His job is to protect you He appears to have caught a cold She went to Bei Jing to protect you They were very sad to hear the newsThe b

6、ag is too heavy for him to carryI visited him only to find him out 形容词之后，动作同时在副词only, never之后 The boss told Tom to ring Mr. Lee at 3pmHe begged me not to tell anybody about this 省去 to 的不定式结构 1 动词不定式1 在固定词组had better之后。否定形式是 had better not do sth You had better go home now. Youd better go home now. I

7、ts cold outside. Youd better not go out. 2 在let, urge, make, 等使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 *I made him give me the money back. They let him talk. 1 动词不定式在使役动词 的被动语态中，to 不可以省略。 I made him give me the money back. He was made to give me the money back. They let him talk. He was let to talk. 动词不定式的时态和语态主动语

8、态被动语态一般式to do to be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing完成进行式to have been doing时态语态动词不定式的时态1 一般式：动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. I am glad to meet you. I hope to see you again soon. We are planning to visit the Great Wall. 1 动词不定式2 进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生动词不定式的时态The boy pr

9、etended to be working They seemed to be arguing over something 1 动词不定式3 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。动词不定式的时态He seems to have caught a cold. He seemed to have caught a cold. I am glad to meet you. I am glad to have met you. 1 动词不定式动词不定式的时态4 完成进行式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，且动作带有持续性She was said to have been livi

10、ng here for many years. It is a real honor for me to have been working with you 1 动词不定式动词不定式的语态1 一般式被动语态：It is a real honor for me to be invited to this party 1 动词不定式2 完成式被动语态：This English novel is said to have been translated into Chinese动词不定式的用法作主语 To finish the work in ten minutes is impossible T

11、o obey these company regulations is necessary To win a Olympic gold medal requires hard working 1 动词不定式动词不定式的用法作主语 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后To finish the work in ten minutes is impossible To obey these company regulations is necessary To win a Olympic gold medal requires hard workingIt is i

12、mpossible to finish the work in ten minutesIt is necessary To obey these company regulationsIt requires hard working to win a Olympic gold medal 1 动词不定式 It作为形式主语常用句式有： 1 It + be + 名词 + to do 2 It takes sb.+ some time + to do 3 It + be + 形容词 + for sb +to do 4 It + be + 形容词 + of sb + to do 5 It seems/

13、seemed (appears/appeared) + 形容词 + to do 动词不定式的用法 1 动词不定式Its our duty to take good care of the children. It took me five days to write this article. 1 It + be + 名词 + to do句型常接 a pity, an honor, a pleasure等词2 It takes sb.+ some time + to doIts a real honor to be hereIt作为形式主语 1 动词不定式3 It+ be + 形容词 + fo

14、r sb +to do 句型常接表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等It is difficult for me to eat all these oranges. To eat all these oranges is difficult for me. It作为形式主语 1 动词不定式4 It + be + 形容词 + of sb + to do 句型常接careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, s

15、illy, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。这一句式等于：sb is+形容词+to do句式 Its very kind of him to help us He is very kind to help us It作为形式主语 1 动词不定式 It seems/seemed (appears/appeared) + 形容词 + to do 5 It作为形式主语 It seems very hard to open this door To open this door seems very hard 1 动词不定式 It appears impossible to find h

16、imTo find him appears impossible注意：不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，只能用tois to. 不能用A is to的句型 To see is to believe.Seeing is to believe It is to believe to see.动词不定式 1 动词不定式英语句式平衡动词不定式在句中可起名词, 形容词或副词的作用 动词不定式因此，动词不定式在句子中可以做: 主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语 和 补语动词不定式作宾语 1 以下动词只能跟不定式作宾语The driver failed

17、to see that car in time. They offered to help me afford （付得起），agree（同意），aim(力求做到)，appear（显得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt （试图），care（想要），choose（决定），claim（声称），condescend（屈尊），consent（准许），decide（决 定），demand（要求），determine（决心），endeavor（竭力），expect（期待），fail（未履行），help（帮 助），hesitate（犹豫），hope（希望），learn（学会），mana

18、ge（设法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主动提 出），plan（计划），prepare（准备），pretend（假装），proceed（接着做），promise（答应），prove（证 明），refuse（拒绝），resolve（解决），seem（觉得好像），swear（发誓），tend（往往会），threaten（威胁），undertake（承诺），volunteer（自愿做），vow（发誓），want（想要），wish（希望） teach, decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see

19、, wonder, find out, explain, tell 2 动词不定式作以下动词的宾语时，不定式的可以带一些疑问词 （when, how, where, which, what, who）构成主语+ 谓语动词+疑问词+ 不定式 结构动词不定式作宾语 She teaches how to use computersWe have not decided where to go动词不定式作宾语 3 动词不定式在动词 find, consider, think, feel, make, 等动词后做宾语时，先用形式宾语 it 代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，构成主语+动 词+it+补语+

20、to do句式He feels it his duty to help the poor. I find it difficult to learn English well. 动词不定式作宾语 4 动词不定式在介词 but, except, besides, 等介词后面时，如果介词前面有 行为动词 do 或者 doing, did 等 do 的各种形式时, 那么后面的不定式要省略 to They did nothing but wait hereYou have no choice but to goThe teacher made no comment except to tell the

21、m to work hardThe teacher did not make any comments except tell them to work hard动词不定式作宾语 5 动词不定式在固定短语 cant choose but., cant help but., 后面时不定式要省略to I can not help but do what he wantShe could not choose but leave her children at home动词不定式在句中可起名词, 形容词或副词的作用因此，动词不定式在句子中可以做: 主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语,状语 和 补语动词不定

22、式作表语 动词不定式作表语一般紧跟在系动词 be, remain, appear, get 等后面，用来说明主语的具体内容，属性，状态，目的或将要发生的动作My work is to clean the roomHe appears to catch a cold (He appears to have caught a cold) Our goal is to win the national champion 比较He is to clean the roomHis plan is to clean the room动词不定式作表语 动词不定式作表语当主语是人时，表示动作即将发生当主语是事

23、物时，表示主语的内容 动词不定式在句中可起名词, 形容词或副词的作用因此，动词不定式在句子中可以做: 主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语,状语 和 补语动词不定式作定语 不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系： 表示将来的动作The train to arrive is from Washington The person to give the speech is our teacher(2) 如与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，并且如果不定式是不及物动词，则需加介词I finally found some paper to write on 动词不定式作

24、定语 I have few problems to worry about (3) 当作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,(宾语) 不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态。 但含义有所不同：动词不定式作定语 Do you have anything to buy? Do you have anything to be bought? -主语亲自做- 主语让别人做I will find them for you I am going to the supermarket (4) 当被不定式修饰的名词或代词被序数词, last, only 等词修饰时，不定式作定语不含有将

25、来的意义。动词不定式作定语 She is always the first person to comeHe was the last guest to arrive Tom is the only one to know the truth动词不定式作定语 特殊语法结构逻辑主语概念：在有非谓语动词充当句子成分的句子中，非谓语动词动作的执行者称作非谓语动词的逻辑主语。它们在逻辑上与非谓语动词所表达的动作存在着主谓关系或动宾关系，但不直接作非谓语动词所在句子的主语，The teacher asked me to answer his question . 1 当不定式做 want have 等动

26、词宾语的定语时，如果句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，要用主动语态表示被动含义We have lots of homework to do Mary has two kids to look after动词不定式作定语 特殊语法结构2 当不定式修饰 buy, get, give 等动词的间接宾语时，如果间接宾语是不定式的逻辑主语，要用主动语态表示被动含义动词不定式作定语 特殊语法结构I will give you a book to readI buy him a pint of beer to drink 动词不定式在句中可起名词, 形容词或副词的作用因此，动词不定式在句子中可以做: 主语,

27、宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语 和 补语She went to Shang Hai to visit TomI am glad to meet you I visited him only to find him out 动词不定式作状语 原因状语目的状语结果状语动词不定式作状语 1 不定式作目的状语 最常见用法 I went to Bei Jing to find a jobTo pass my exam, I study hard不定式作目的状语时，如果放在主句的后面，不用逗号与主句隔开in order (not) to, so as (not) to 不定式作目的状语 其他连接词动词不定式

28、作状语 I study hard in order to pass my examI study hard in order not to fail my examHe ran so fast as to catch the first bus. He ran so fast as not to miss the bus 2 不定式作原因状语动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作原因状语时经常放在表示情感的形容词如： happy, delighted, glad, pleased, sorry, lucky, proud 等后面，这种用法表示产生上述情感的原因 I am sorry to tell y

29、ou the bad newsI am so happy to meet you3 不定式作结果状语动词不定式作状语 不定式作结果状语一般与only 和 never 等词连用表事先没有预料到的结果。He searched the room only to find nothing. After the separation, they never to meet each other again. 动词不定式作状语 4 不定式作结果状语的其他用法 tooto. 句型 形容词 / 副词 + enough to do.too. to. 句型 太.而不能动词不定式作状语 The box is too

30、 small to hold all these apples 注意：too to 结构中， 如果不定式前有willing, delighted, happy, glad等形容词时，too.to. 结构表示肯定 I am too happy to leave.She is too delighted to see him again. 形容词 / 副词 + enough to do.动词不定式作状语 She was lucky enough to find her purseWe ran fast enough to catch the bus动词不定式在句中可起名词, 形容词或副词的作用因此，动词不定式在句子中可以做: 主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语 和 补语动词不定式作补足语 advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, consider, declare, drive, enabl