人教版(新教材)高中英语选修4Unit2 Iconic Attractions学案1：Grammar

1、Grammar情境探究Have you noticed the fallen leaves on the ground?Have you noticed the fallen leaves on the ground?Yes, the ground is dotted with leaves,like a colorful design made by nature.观察上面句子，并说出画线局部的作用fallenmade by nature要义详析过去分词是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词保存着动词的局部特性，有完成或被动含义, 可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句法功能上，过去分词(短语)与形容词或副

2、词作用类似，在 句子中可充当定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等成分。一、过去分词作定语及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表 示被动，只表示完成。(1)表示被动和完成a polluted river 一条被污染的河流the watered flowers 浇过水的花(2)只表不完成，不表不被动fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun升起的太阳K名师点津I过去分词作定语单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放 在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。*A watched pot never boils. K谚语U 心

3、急锅不开。*The student dressed in white is my daughter.=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。K即学活用U语法填空Some of the people(invite) to the party cant come.The trees(blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.The police will come soon to take away the(damage) car.二、过去分

4、词作表语位于系动词(如be, get, become/ook, feel, seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所 表达的是形容词的特性。She looks disappointed.她看上去很失望。We were encouraged at the news.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。K名师点津】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 强调动作。The cup is broken.杯子破了。(系表结构)The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。(被动语态)K即学活用X语法填空I was

5、 too(tire) to walk any further.When he heard the(move) story, he was deeply(move).Tom was more(surprise) than(disappoint) at this news.Both he and I are(satisfy) with the result.三、过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。*He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。*Last year t

6、hey had the house rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语).表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如 see, watch, observe, find, look at? hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等。*1 heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。.表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have, make, get, keep, leave等。They managed to make themselves understood by using v

7、ery simple English.他们用了很简单的英语以使别人能听懂。Don leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。K名师点津U “have+宾语+过去分词”的三种含义(1)表示“让某人做某事”ril have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。(2)表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷 了。(3)做某事(主语可能参与其中)1 had my house repaired last week.上周，我修补了房子。3.表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如like, want, wish

8、, order等。*The teacher doesnt wish such questions (to be) discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。*The police, finding the film unhealthy, ordered it banned.警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演。K即学活用H语法填空Youd better have your shoes(mend).The father wants his daughter(teach) the piano.I saw an old man(knock) down by a car.rd

9、 like the job(do) when I come back from the journey.四、过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动或完成的动作，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。.作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个when, while, after, once等引导的时间状语从句。*Once published(=Once it is published), the dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。.作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个as, since, because等引导的原因状语从句。

10、Absorbed in painting(=Because John was absorbed in painting), John didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。.作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。*Given another hour(=If I am given another hour), I can also work out this problem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。.作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个though, al

11、though, even if/though等引导的让步状语 从句。*Beaten by the opposite team(=Though we were beaten by the opposite team), we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.虽然被对方的队打败了，但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。.作方式或伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。*The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl(=and he was supported by a girl).在一位

12、姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。仁名师点津1过去分词作状语的考前须知(1)过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when, though, although, as if, as though, if, unless, until, once等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。*If (I am) invited, I will attend the wedding of my friend.如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。*Caught, the thief will be punished by the police

13、, (caught 的逻辑主语为 the thief)小偷如果被抓，就会受到警方的处分。(3)有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有satisfied, surprised, interested, moved, worried, pleased, disappointed 等。*Disappointed at the examination results, the girl stood there without saying a word.因为对考试结果很失望，小女孩站在那里一句话也没说。K即学活用H语法填空(1)(leave) to himself, the baby began to cry.She accepted the gift, deeply(move).We went to the cinema,(fill) with excitement.Once(pour), water cannot be taken back.参*考*答*案情境探究.过去分词，作前置定语2.过去分词短语，作后置定语要义详析一、过去分词作定语invited (2)