电子信息工程文献专业英语中英互译

1、Electronic power steeringsystemWhat it is?Electrically powered steering uses anelectric motor to drive either the power steering hydraulic pump or the steering linkage directly. The power steering function is therefore independent of engine speed, resulting in significant energy savings.How it works

2、?Conventional power steering systemsuse an engine accessorybelt to drive the pump, providing pressurized fluid that operatesa piston in the power steering gear or actuator to assist the driver.In electro-hydraulic steering, one electrically powered steering concept uses a high efficiency pump driven

3、 by an electric motor. Pump speed is regulated by an electric controller to vary pump pressure and flow, providing steering efforts tailored for different driving situations. The pump can be run at low speed or shut off to provide energy savings during straight aheaddriving (which is most of the tim

4、e in most world markets).Direct electric steering uses an electric motor attached to the steering rack via a gear mechanism(no pump or fluid). A variety of motor types and gear drives is possible. A microprocessorcontrols steering dynamics and driver effort. Inputs include vehicle speed andsteering,

5、 wheel torque, angular positionand turning rate.Working In Detail:A steering sensor is located on the input shaft where it enters the gearbox housing. The steering sensor is actually two sensorsin one: a torque sensor that converts steering torque input and its direction into voltage signals, and a

6、rotation sensor that converts the rotation speed and direction into voltage signals. An interface circuit that sharesthe same housing converts the signals from the torque sensor and rotation sensor into signals the control electronics can process. Inputs from the steering sensor are digested by a mi

7、croprocessor control unit that also monitors input from the vehicles speedsensor. Thesensorinputs are then compared to determine how much power assist is required according to a preprogrammed force map in the control units memory. The control unit then sends out the appropriate command to the power

8、unit which then supplies the electric motor with current. The motor pushes the rack to the right or left depending on which way the voltage flows (reversing the current reversesthe direction the motor spins). Increasing the current to the motor increases theamount of power assist.The system has thre

9、e operating modes: a normal control mode in which left or right power assist is provided in responseto input from the steering torque and rotation sensors inputs; a return control mode which is used to assist steering return after completing a turn; and a damper control mode that changeswith vehicle

10、 speed to improve road feel anddampen kickback.If the steering wheel is turned and held in the full-lock position and steering assistreachesa maximum, the control unit reducescurrent to the electric motor to prevent an overload situation that might damage the motor. The control unit is also designed

11、 to protect the motor against voltage surgesfrom a faulty alternator or charging problem.The electronic steering control unit is capable of self-diagnosing faults by monitoring the systems inputs and outputs, and the driving current of the electric motor. If a problem occurs, the control unit turns

12、the system off by actuating a fail-safe relay in the power unit. This eliminates all power assist, causing the system to revert back to manual steering. A dash EPS warning light is also illuminated to alert the driver. To diagnose the problem, a technician jumps the terminals on the service checkcon

13、nector andreadsout the trouble codes.Electric power steering systems promise weight reduction, fuel savingsand packageflexibility, at no cost penalty.Europeshigh fuel prices and smaller vehicles make a fertile testbed for electric steering, a technology that promises automakers weight savingsand fue

14、l economy gains. And in a short time, electric steering will make it to the U.S., too. Its just just a matter of time, says Aly Badawy, director of research and development for Delphi Saginaw SteeringSystems in Saginaw, Mich. The issue was cost and thatsbehind us now. By 2002 here in the U.S. the co

15、st of electric power steering will absolutely be a wash overhydraulic.Today, electric and hybrid-powered vehicles (EV), including Toyotas Prius and GMs EV-1, are the perfect domain for electric steering. But by 2010, a TRW Inc. internal study estimatesthat one out of every three cars produced in the

16、 world will be equipped with some form of electrically- assisted steering. The Cleveland-based supplier claims its new steering systems could improve fuel economy by up to 2 mpg, while enhancing handling. There are true bottom-line benefits as well for automakers by reducing overall costs and decrea

17、sing assembly time, since theres no needfor pumps, hoses ancfluids.Another claimed advantage is shortened development time. For instance, a Delphi group developed E-TUNE, a ride-and-handling software package that can be run off a laptop computer. They can take that computer and plug it in, attach it

18、 to the controller and change all the handling parameters- effort level, returnability, damping - on the fly, Badawy says. It used to take months. Delphi has one OEM customer that should start low-volume production in 99.Electric steering units are normally placed in one of three positions: column-d

19、rive, pinion-drive and rack-drive. Which system will become the norm is still unclear. Short term, OEMs will choose the steering system that is easiest to integrate into an existing platform. Obviously,greater potential comes from designing the systeminto an all-new platform. We have all three desig

20、ns under consideration, says Dr. Herman Strecker, group vice president of steering systems division at ZF in SchwaebischGmuend, Germany. Its up to the market and OEMs which version finally will be used and manufactured. The large manufacturers have all grabbed hold of what they consider a core techn

21、ology, explains JamesHandy sides, TRW vice president, electrically assisted steering in Sterling Heights, Mich. His company offers a portfolio of electric steering systems (hybrid electric, rack-, pinion-, and column-drive). TRW originally concentratedon what it still believes is the purest engineer

22、ing solution for electric steering-the rack-drive system. The system is sometimes refer to as direct drive or ball/nut drive. Still, this winter TRW hedged its bet, forming a joint venture with LucasVarity. The British supplier received $50 million in exchange for its electric column-drive steering

23、technology and as sets. Initial production of the column and pinion drive electric steering systems is expectedto begin in Birmingham, England, in 2000.In 1995, according to Delphi, traditional hydraulic power steering systems were on 7596 of all vehicles sold globally. That 37-million vehicle pool

24、consumesabout 10 million gallons in hydraulic fluid that could besuperfluous, if electric steering really takesoff.The present invention relates to an electrically powered drive mechamsm for providing powered assistance to a vehicle steering mechanism. According to one aspect of the present inventio

25、n, there is provided an electrically powered driven mechanism for providing powered assistanceto a vehicle steering mechanism having a manually rotatable member for operating the steering mechanism, the drive mechanism including a torque sensor operable to sense torque being manually applied to the

26、rotatable member, an electrically powered drive motor drivingly connectedto the rotatable memberand a controller which is arranged to control the speed and direction of rotation of the drive motor in response to signals received from the torque sensor, the torque sensor including a sensor shaft adap

27、ted for connection to the rotatable memberto form an extensionthereof so that torque is transmitted through said sensor shaft when the rotatable member is manually rotated and a strain gauge mounted on the sensor shaft forproducing a signal indicative of the amount of torque being transmitted throug

28、h said shaft. Preferably the sensor shaft is non-rotatably mounted at one axial end in a first coupling member and is non-rotatably mounted at its opposite axial end in a second coupling member, the first and second coupling members being inter-engaged to permit limited rotation there between so tha

29、t torque under a predeterminedlimit is transmitted by the sensor shaft only and so that torque above said predeterminedlimit is transmitted through the first and second coupling members.Now, power steering systemsof some cars have become the standardsetting, the whole world about half of the cars us

30、ed to power steering.With the development of automotive electronics technology, some cars have been using electric power steering gear, the car of the economy, power and mobility has improved. Electric power steering device on the car is a new power steering system device, developed rapidly in recen

31、t years both at home and abroad, because of its use of programmable electronic control devices, the flexibility in the same time there are also potential safety problems. In the analysis This unique product on the basis of the author of the characteristicsof electronic control devices,security clear

32、ance just that the factors that deal with security measures, and discusseda number of concerns the safety of specific issues. The results show that : Existing standards can not meet the electric power steering device security needsand made the electric power steering device safety evaluation of the

33、idea. Research work on the electric power steering device developmentand evaluation of referencevalue.电子动力转向系统电子动力转向系统是什么？ TOC o 1-5 h z 电子动力转向系统是通过一个电动机来驱动动力方向盘液压泵或直接驱动 转向联动装置。电子动力转向的功能由于不依赖于发动机转速，所以能节省能源电子动力转向系统是怎么运行？：传统的动力方向盘系统使用一条引擎辅助传送带驾驶气泵，提供操作在动 力方向盘齿轮或作动器的一个活塞协助驱动的被加压的流体。在电动液压的控制，一个电子动力方向盘包括

34、一台电动机控制的一个高效率泵浦。由一个电控制器调控泵浦压力和流速来控制泵浦的速度，为不同的驾驶路况的提供转向。泵浦可以在汽车行驶低速时关闭以提供节能（在当代的世界市场上）。电动控制转向使用电动机通过齿轮齿条机构直接连接以达到转向控制（无 泵或液体）。多个电机驱动器和多驱动 控制的实现是可能的。一个微处理器控制 转向动态和驱动的工作。输入因子包括车速，转向，车轮扭矩，角度位置和转率。工作运行时的具体细节：“转向传感器”位于变速箱体的输入轴，提供输入信号。转向传感器实际上是在一个两位一体的传感器：“扭矩传感器”把转换指点扭矩输入和它的方向成电压信号，同时“自转传感器”转换转动速度和方向成电压信号。

35、共用 TOC o 1-5 h z 一个箱体的“接口”电路把扭矩传感器和自转传感器的信号转换成控制电子电路可处理的信号。从指点传感器的输入由那微处理器的控制单元消化也监测从车速传感器的输入。传感器输入然后被比较确定多少机械化根据一张被预编程序的“力量地图”需要在控制单元的记忆。控制单元然后派出适当的命令对然后供给电动机以潮流的 电源装置马达推挤机架在右边或左边根据哪个方式 电压流动（扭转潮流扭转方向马达旋转）。增加潮流对马达增加功率的协助。系统有三种操作方式：左边或右边机械化提供以回应从指点扭矩和自转传感器的输入的输入的“正常”控制方式；被用于在完成轮以后协助指点回归的回归”控制方式；并且改变与

36、车速改进路感受和挫伤佣金的更加潮湿的”控制方 TOC o 1-5 h z 式。如果方向盘被转动，并且举行在充分锁位置和指点协助到达最大值，控 制 单元使潮流降低到电动机防止也许损坏马达的超载情况。控制单元也被设计保护马达以防止电压浪涌免受一个有毛病的交流发电机或充电的问题。电子转向控制单位有能力在自我诊断的缺点通过监测系统输入和产品和电 动机的激励电流上。如果问题发生，控制单元通过开动在电源装置的一个故障自动保险的中转关闭系统。这消灭所有机械化，造成系统恢复回到手工指点。破折号EPS警告灯也被阐明警告司机。要诊断问题，技术员跳服务检查连接器的终端并且读出问题代码。汽车电动助力转向系统减重承诺、

37、燃料储蓄和包装的灵活性，在没有任何成 本惩罚。欧洲的高油价和较小的车辆使肥沃的试验台电动舵机、技术的汽车制造商 重量轻点的承诺和燃油经济收益。从而在短时间内、电动转向将使它到美国“这只是一个时间的问题，只是说BadawyAly主任，研究和开发Saginaw转向系 统Saginaw德尔福在密歇根州,。”问题是成本,那是过去了。到2002年在美国 汽车电动助力转向的成本完全可以洗一洗。”今天，电动和hybrid-powered车辆（EV）,包括丰田普锐斯和通用的 EV-1,完 美的域名电动转向。但是到 2010年，集团公司内部研究报告估计，每天有三个世 界生产的汽车将配备某种形式的 electri

38、cally-assisted 转向。克利夫兰的供 应 商声称其新的转向系统可以提高燃油经济性的 2哩，同时还要加强处理。真正 的 底线的效益，为汽车厂商降低整体成 本和减少安装时间，由于不需要泵、软管、 液 体。另一个优点是缩短声称开发时间。比如，一个研究团队E-TUNES尔菲，一个 ride-and-handling 软件包，可以跑一台笔记本电脑。“他门可以把电脑和为它插 上电源，将它贴附到控制器和改变所 有的处理参数，returnability努力水 平、阻尼一一在飞， Badaw娜。“它用来花上好几个月。”德尔福已一 OEMg户应该 会收取少许，生产99年。电动转向单位通常被放置在一个三

39、个职位：column- drive,pinion-drive 和rack-drive。这系统将成为一种标准尚不清楚。短期内，原始设备制造商将选择转向系统是最容易融入现有的平台。显然，更大的潜力来 源于设计成一个全新的系统平台。“我门都在考虑三种设计方案说：“赫尔曼 Strecker患病，集团副总裁科转向系统在 Schwaebisch ZF Gmuen型国。“送！ 市场和oem哪个版本的最后将被使用，制造的。“期制造商都抓住他 们考虑一个 核心技术”，解释詹姆斯方 便的两侧，天合副总裁，电动辅助转向英镑 的高度，自我。 他的公司提供的一个公 事包的电动转向系统（混合动力，架-,齿轮-,和colu

40、mndrive） 。最初集中在天合仍然认为是最纯洁的技术解决方案rack-drive 电动转向系统。这个系统是有时指作为直接开车或球/螺母驱动。仍然，这个冬天天合对冲其打赌，形成一个合资企业，LucasVarity。英国供应商收到了 5000万美元， 以换取其电气column-drive转向技术，集。初始生产于 2000年在英国伯明翰柱 和齿轮驱动电动转向系统有望。1995年，根据Delphi中，传统液压动力转向系统是在 7596年的全球汽车市 场份额。如果电动转向真正起飞，3700万年消耗大约1000万加仑汽车池在液压流体可能是多余的。本发明涉及一种这种电动驱动mechamsrig供援助汽车

41、转向动力机制。根据 本发明的一个方面，提供了一个这种电动驱动机理提供援助车辆动力转向机构有 一个手动可操作转向机构成员，激励机制包括扭矩传感器感应力矩可被应用于可 手动成员，一个这种电动驱动电机drivingly 连接到会员和控制器可设置控制的 速度和方向驱动电机的旋转响应信号接收的扭矩传感器、转矩传感器包括一个传感器轴适合连接，形成一个可扩展成员都使扭矩传感器传播说轴在会员可手动 旋转和应变规轴安装在传感器产生一个信号指示的金额被传输扭矩轴通过说。最好是传感器安装在一个 non-rotatably 轴轴向结束在第一个成员，non- rotatably 耦合轴安装在其反面结束在第二个耦合成员，

42、第一和第二耦合成员被 inter-engaged允许有限的旋转使转矩与下一个预定的限制是通过传感器，只使 扭矩轴上述预定的限制是传播第一和第二耦合的成员。现在，动力转向系统已成为一些轿车的标准设置，全世界约有一半的轿车 采用动力转向。随着汽车电子技术的发展，目前一些轿车已经使用电动助力转向器，使汽车的经济性、动力性和机动性都有所提高。电动助力转向装置是汽车上一种新的助力转向系统装置，近年来在国内外发展迅速，由于它采用了可编程 电子控制装置，在带来灵活性的同时也存在着安全隐患.在分析这种产品特殊性的 基础上，笔者结合电子控制装置的特点，指出了事关安全性的因素，提出了处理安 全性的措施，并讨论了几

43、个事关安全性的具体问题.研究结果表明：现有标准不能 够满足电动助力转向装置安全性的需要；并提出了对电动助力转向装置进行安全 性测评的思想.研究工作对电动助力转向装置的开发以及评价具有参考意义。CareerplanningMy career planning is to be a software engineer, because I like programming, and herjob prospectsare good.As we all know, the development of the software industry level, decided to a national information industry level and in the international market competitive ability. At present, Chinas senior software shortages have become the main the software industry in China of the fast developmentof a