牛津高中英语模块3

1、牛津高中英语模块三语言点Unit 1 The world of our senses一、Reading(Page 2, Line 7) Once out in the street, she walked如果从句和主句的主语一致，或者从句的主语为it ,同时从句中含有 be的适当形式，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，留下分词、介词短语等成分作状语，表示时间、原因、方式、让步、伴随状态等含义。从句前可以加上适当的连词，使从句的含义更加明确。Once (it is ) seen, it will be never forgotten.When (you are) in the street, you

2、 d better be careful.While (you are) reading, underline the key words.this:adv.这么 that much:那么多that: adv.那么 He isn t this / that tall.j observe: vt. (1) 观察，注意到(2) 遵守(3) 庆祝observer: n.目击者，观察者，观测员，观察员She observed that the pond was drying up.observe the speed limit.observe the Christmas Day.The UN sent

3、 a team of observers to the peace talks.glance at sth:瞥一眼，匆匆看，扫视at first glance:乍一看He glanced at nervously at his watch.At first glance, the palace seemed deserted.stare at sth:盯着，凝视tglare at sth:怒目而视，瞪着He stared at the diamond with great amazement.Tom didn t shout. He just glared at me silently.now

4、here: adv.无处，到处都不n. U无处哪儿也见/找/听不到be nowhere to be seen / found / heard: nowhere else:没有别的地方get nowhere:没有结果/进展Such case is nowhere to be found.I have nowhere else to go.It s a good idea but it will get nowhere without more financial support.Nowhere else can you find a more beautiful view.narrow: adj

5、.窄的，狭隘的；勉强的；精确的vt. & vi.(使)变窄，缩小 narrowly: adv.勉强地；严密地，仔细地He has a narrow mind.他度量很小。a narrow escape from death:九死一生What does the word mean in its narrowest sense?In order to widen the road he had to narrow the pavement.The road narrows here.He narrowly escaped drowning.Observe someone narrowly.appr

6、oach: (1) vt. & vi. 靠近，接近；对付，处理The time is approaching when we think about buying a new house.Few writers even begin to approach Shakespeare s greatness.莎士比亚的伟大，鲜有作家能望其项背。approach the puzzle.n.靠近 方法；通道，入口With the approach of sth:随着的临近t 、 he approach to sth: 的方法 / 通道With the approach of spring, every

7、thing come alive.The approach to the town / problem has been abandoned.hold: vt.使处于某种状态.hold sb + adj / advhold sb still:使一动不动can you hold the door open for me?“Ah, twenty! A nice age to be. 啊！二十岁！多好的年龄啊。A nice age to be.是个省略句，如果补充完整则是：Twenty is a nice age to be.又如下面的省略句：You will have no difficulty

8、finding his address; he is well known in this area.你要想找到他的住址并不难，他在这一片很有名气。表示这一意义时，英语常用have (some, any, much, a little) difficulty (in) doing sth.或there is (some, much, a little) difficulty (in) doing sth.,这两个句型中的difficulty用作不可数名词，介词in可省略。例】 We read them ; we remember them.A. as young ; as oldB. as y

9、ounger ; as olderC. when younger ; when olderD. when young ; when older【答案】C when 后是we are young(old)的省略结构。 come to one s aid: 帮助first aid:急救Thank you for coming to my aid in time of emergency.pay back: vt.偿还，回报dark 与 darkness 的区别两者都可以表示黑暗”，都是不可数名词。dark前通常用定冠词，darkness前不用冠词。如：Darkness was falling fa

10、st.黑暗很快来临。Children are usually afraid of the dark.小孩通常都害怕黑暗。表示“在黑暗中，用in the dark 或in the darkness 均可。如：Cats can see in the dark(ness).猫在黑暗中能够看见。The light went out and left us in the dark(ness).灯熄了,我们面前一片漆黑。 be in the dark about sth:对一无所知/被蒙在鼓里。如：We are still in the dark about the cause of the fire.d

11、ark 还可以表示黄昏、傍晚、黑夜等，此时不用darkness。注意此时dark前不用冠词。at dpk:在黄昏时bef#e dark:天黑前afterdark:天黑后They turned on the light at dark.他们在黄昏时开灯。Try to get home before dark.尽量在天黑以前回家。在城里我害怕天黑后出门。adj /介词短语I m afraid to go out after dark in the city.lie （lay, lain）:v.处于状态 lie +lie open:打开着lie empty: 空着lie in ruins:成为废墟T

12、he book lay open on the table.The town now lies in ruins.二、Grammarmake sense: 讲得通，有意义Make sense of sth:理解What you say makes no sense.Can you make sense of this poem?make one s way back to sth:返回Finally I made my back to where I once lived.struggle through sth:挣扎着通过；奋力通过He tried his best to struggle

13、through the woods.from + 介词短语：从地方from behind the door:从后from under the table:从桌子底下sweat with fear:吓得出（冷）汗He sweated with fear when seeing a snake lying before him.all of a sudden: suddenly 突然地Life seemed all of a sudden empty and meaningless.生活突然显得一片空虚,毫无意义.ring out:vi.清晰可闻；发出清脆的声音A number of shots

14、rang out.这时听见几声清脆的响声。三、Taskattach: vt.系，绑，附attach sth to sth:把系/绑/附在 .上be attached to sth:被系/绑/附在.上；（2）喜欢，依恋；（3）附属于attach importance to sth:重视attach oneself to sth:参力口，依附Attach a recent photo to the application form.It s easy to be attached to the children you work with.This hospital is attached to

15、the medical college nearby.On the contrary, they a ttach importance to education and constant learning and thinking.He attached himself to the expedition.他参加了那个探险队。hesitate:vi.犹豫，迟疑不决hesitate about doing sth:对犹豫hesitate to do sth:做犹豫hesitation:n.犹豫 without hesitation:毫不犹豫He still hesitated about whe

16、ther to join the club.Don t hesitate to tell us if you have a problem.She asked he to sit beside her without hesitation.bite into sth:咬进，陷入，砍入When you bite into an apple, savor the sweet taste and enjoy the delicious juicy crunch.当你咬下苹果，务要品尝那香甜的滋味，享受那多汁可口的爽脆.四、Projectcontrary:n.相反的事实或情况adj.相反的on the

17、 contrary:正相反，恰恰相反be Contrary to sth:与相反It was not a good thing; on the contrary, it was a huge mistake.Contrary to my expectation, he didn t win the competition.His views are contrary to mine.mistake sth for sth:把误认为I mistake the poor woman for my sister.panic: n.惊慌vt. & vi.（panicked , panicked）（使）

18、恐慌，惊慌失措get into a panic:陷入惊慌之中in炎anic:惊慌地She got into a real panic when she thought she had lost the tickets.Shoppers fled the street in panic after two bombs exploded in central London.likely:adj .可能的be likely to do sth:可能做jis likely that:可能She is very likely to call me today.It s likely that Tom w

19、ill survive the disaster.the likely result.watch for sth:盼望 / 期待They are watching for further developments.reach into sth:把手伸入Paul reached into his pocket to get his celephone.reach out:vt. & vi. （使）伸出；伸手； 延伸； 伸出援手； 沟通，交流，reach out for sth:伸手拿reach out to sb:和某人交流；伸手帮助I reached out a hand and caught

20、 the ball.我伸手抓住了球。Tao Zi reaches out to scratch hernose.陶子伸出手去抓鼻子上的痒痒。Happiness is a choice. Reach out for it at the moment it appears.幸福是一种选择，一旦出现，你就伸手去抓住她吧！A tree reaches out its branches towards the light.树枝向阳光处伸展。Reach out, beauteous Turkey, give me your hand, my beloved homeland!伸出你的手吧，美丽的土耳其，握

21、住我的手吧，亲爱的祖国 ！We must reach out to those in need.我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。Modern politicians try to reach out to ordinary people in their broadcast speeches.现代的政客们企图在广播演讲中与普通民众进行沟通。loose: adj.松动的，松开的；宽松的，松散的；自由的vt.松开，释放come loose:变松get loose / free:获得 自 由let set sb loose:释放a loose overcoat / organization.Don t

22、 let your dog loose if there are any sheep around.over a long distance:经过长距离over a long time:经过长时间employ: vt.使用，雇佣 employer:雇主employee:雇员Don t be frightened by sharks as there is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightening than being attacked by a shark.不要惧怕鲨鱼，因为人类被闪电击中的几率要比被鲨鱼攻击的几率大30倍。句中30

23、times 修饰greater chance ,意思是“30倍。英语中表示程度的状语一般位于比较 等级的前面。倍数的表达可用下面四个句型。 A+be+ 倍数+as+ 形容词+as + BAsia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲有欧洲四倍那么大。A+be+ 倍数+ 比较级+ than + BAsia is three times largerthan Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 A+be+ 倍数 + the size / length / height / depth / width + of+BAsia is four times the size

24、 of Europe.亚洲面积是欧洲的四倍大。(4) The size / length / height / depth / width + of+A+be+倍数 + that of B.The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.亚洲的面积是欧洲面积的四倍。【注意】要注意用time表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内的三倍或三倍以上；若表示两倍可用副词twice或形容词double 。例如：The street is twice the length of that one.这条街是那条街的二倍长。Ten is double five.十是五

25、的二倍。Unit 2 Language一、Readingbe made up of sth: consist of sth:由组成be composed of sth:Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.A group consisting of 15 boys and 10 boys.occupy: vt. (1)占有，居住(2) 占领，占据(3) 占用(时间、空间等) (4) 使忙碌 be occupied in doing sth / with sth:忙于The Jackson family have occupied the apartme

26、nt for one year.The troops have occupied the city for 8 months.Soccer occupies most of my pleasure time.Helen was fully occupied with business matters, so we didn t want to bother her.aside: adv. (1) 在一边，向一边 (2) 留着 putf7 set sth aside: (1)把放在一边(2) 留存aside from sth:除以夕卜(=besides / except )Stand aside

27、 and let these people pass.Set aside some money for your retirement.Aside from the problem, the day was after sth:以命名The class was named after Lei Feng in 1989.play a part / role in sth:在中扮演角色/发挥作用We have realized the role that oil plays in the economy.contribute (sth) to sb:捐献()给.；为.做贡

28、献；给投稿；导致make a contribution to sth:为. 做贡献We contributed 100,000 yuan to the refugees.Her work has greatly contributed to our understanding of this difficult project.She has contributed (several poems) to the literature magazines.Many factors led to his downfall(倒台).The signing of this treaty will ma

29、ke a magnificent contribution to world peace.English-speaking countries:说英语的国家spoken English:英语口语written English:书面英语lead to sth:contribute tosth:l导致result in sth:cause sth:,raise: vt. 举起，抬起 raise your hand 提高，增力口 raise the wage / raise one s voice 饲养，种植 raise cows / trees筹集 raise money for the Hope

30、 Project 提出 raise a questionwhich led to Old English replacing Celtic. (Page 23, Line 29)动名词的复合结构：物主代词/名词所有格+ doing该结构可以作句子的主语、宾语。作宾语时，物主代词可以用宾格形式，名词所有格可以省略s。例如： My / Xiao Ming s coming late made me very angry.I don t mind his / him smoking here.The discovery of new evidence led to.(上海 2003)A. the t

31、hief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught【解析】答案为C。动名词的复合Z勾作宾语，the thief后省略了 s。二、Word powerset a standard for sth:为制定标准The statement set a strict standard for the production of the machine.ban: vt. (banned; banning) 禁止，取缔ban sb from doing sth:forbid sb f

32、rom doing sth:禁止某人做forbid sb to do sth:John has been banned from driving for a year.The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.banned films:禁放电影n.禁止，禁令The president supports a global ban on nuclear weapons.3. concern:n.关心，担心，忧虑show / have concern for / about / over sth:担心be of concern to

33、sb:是担心/ 忧虑的 He showed much concern for / about / over her safety.Th The rise in unemployment rate is of great concern to the government.重要或感兴趣的事CWhat are your main concerns as a golf player?vt.涉及，关于，对 有影响Don t interfere in what doesn t concern you.a book concerning C hinese history.使忧虑，烦恼Our losses

34、are beginning to concern me.忙于，关心concern oneself with / about sth:忙于 / 关心There is no need to concern yourself with this matter. We are dealing with it.相关搭配be concerned about / for sth:担心be concerned with sth:与相关就而言as far as sb be concerned:I was very concerned about his performance in the exam.This

35、story is concerned with a Russian family.As far as I m concerned, good health is more important that money.三、Taskaccess: (1) vt. 进入；使用；获取(资料)We can access the data in the computer.n.通道；(使用接近的)机会或权利t he access to sth: 的通道；的机会或权利have access to sth:有权接近/使用The only access to the village is to through th

36、e forest.The public don t have access to the documents. sth be accessible to sb:某人可以得到/接近/使用These important books are only accessible to those who have much experience.conclusion:n. (1) 结束，结尾At the conclusion of his speech, the professor put forward a new idea.结论draw / reach / come to / arrive at a

37、conclusion:得出结论jump to conclusion:草率下结论in conclusion:总之What conclusions can you draw from the evidence you have hear?We have a long way to finish the task, so don t jump to conclusion.In conclusion, I d like to say all of you have done a good job.四、Projectdiffer from sth:不同于In this respect, French d

38、iffers from Britain.in that:因为This situation is complicated in that we have two general managers.hunt: vt. & vi. 打猎，猎杀；搜寻hunt for sth: (=look for)寻找job hunting:求职combine: vt. & vi. 组合，联合，结合 combine sth with sthThe software package combine power and / with flexibility.It s no easy task to combine fam

39、ily responsibility and a full-time job.区分开sth:distinguish sth from sth:distinguish between sth andWe can t distinguish the cause from the effect.convenient: adj.方便的，便利的ItT s convenient for sb to do sth:某人做方便If it is convenient to you:如果你方便的话 It s convenient for me to use the machine with the softwar

40、e.Come here if it is convenient to you.Unit 3 Back to the past一、Reading.不定式及其变化形式：【一般式：to do被动式：to be done(即将)被.完成式：to have done 已经 完成被动式：to have been done 已经被进行式：to be doing 正在.i完成进行式：to have been doing 一直在I wanted the letter to be typed at once.She seemed to have read the book before.He pretended

41、to be reading a book when I came in.I am sorry to have been interrupting you.The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.2.进行时表示将来，表示按照计划即将发生的动作，多与表示移动的动词come, go, arrive , leave , fly ,start 等连用。He is leaving for London.他就要启程去伦敦。 Christmas is drawing near.圣诞节快到了。take over sth:接

42、管，接收；控制The large company has taken over many small ones.pour: (1) vt. 灌，注，倒 pour sth + 介词 + sthpour money into sth:对提供资金pourold water over / on sth:对泼冷水He poured some water into the glass.You might as well pour the oil down the pipe.vi .涌进/涌出；雨倾盆而下The smoke was pouring out of the chimney.She watched

43、 the rain pouring down the windows.5jbe buried alive:被活埋,bury oneself in sth:埋头于 / 专心于Since he left, he has buried himself in his books.as + 主+ be:按照某人.样子I like the house better as it is.State the facts as they were.decorate sth with sth:用装修 / 装饰 / 美化The house was decorated with various paints and c

44、olours.break down: (1) vi.出故障；崩溃；瓦解；垮掉The telephone system has broken down.Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.Her health broke down under the pressure of work.vt.破坏；分解；分成Firemen had to break down the door to reach the people trapped inside.Sugar and other chemicals are broken down i

45、n the stomach.We broke down the books into 5 kinds.break up: (1) vi.解散；破碎；破裂；绝交break with sb:与绝交The meeting broke up at 7 o clock.The rock broke up on the rocks.Their marriage is breaking up.She has just broken up with her boyfriend.vt.打碎；拆散；结束，关闭；划分break sth up into sth:把分成Jim started to break the

46、ice up on the frozen lake.The ship was broken up for scrap metal.船被拆成废铁。They decided to break up their partnership.他们决定拆伙。Sentences can be broken into clauses.ruin: vt.破坏，毁灭n.废墟，毁坏be / lie in ruins:破败不堪，垮掉 destroy、ruin、damage的区另Udestroy :指彻底的、难以修复的“破坏”、“损坏”；也指名誉、计划、努力等受到损坏。 That will destroy the rep

47、utation of our products.ruin:破坏，(彻底)毁灭。多用于借喻中，表示希望/前程的破灭、健康遭到毁坏等。The news means the ruin of all our hopes.He ruined his prospects(前途)by carelessness.The storm ruined the crops.damage:伤害，损害(对于价值和功能白部分性破坏)Smoking will damage your health.【例题】 The flooding the bridge, we can t walk across it forever.A.

48、destroyed B. damage C. harmed D. hurt答案为A。、Word Powerput out sth:扑灭；发布，出版；生产put out the fire.Police have put out a description of the man they wanted to question.为例让我们以金属切削速率为例The plant puts out 500 new cars a week.take sth for example / as an example:Lets take the metal removal rate for example.thr

49、oughout the all over the world遍布全世界worldbrush sth away:刷掉，拂去Please brush away the dirt on my trousers.三、Grammaragree with sth:与.一致；相符合Your account of the fair doesn t agree with mine.drive sb away:使发疯Your words nearly drove me away.in good / bad condition:状况好 / 差come to sth:达到情况/状态(通常指坏的情况)What is t

50、he world coming to?这是怎么回事？Things have come to such a statement in the company that he s thinking of resigning.I don t know what the world has come to.the solution to sth:的解决办法There are no simple solutions to the problem of overpopulation.四、Taskat sea: 在海上declare: vt.正式宣布；表明；宣称宣布为宣布.开幕/闭幕对宣战declare t

51、hat:declare sb (to be)+ n / adj:declare sth open / closed:declare war on / against sb: The doctor finally declared that the patient was rescued.He was declared (to be ) innocent.I declare the meeting closed.China declared war against Vietnam in 1979.declaration:n.宣言，公告，重要声明A ceasefire declaration:停火

52、声明declare 和 announce 的区另Udeclare指正式郑重、庄严地宣布、声明。announce 含义为“宣布，宣告，预告，告知“ 。它指宣布人们关心或原来不知道的事，带有预告意 味；而且往往是第一次当众宣布，或以非口头方式宣布。搭配有：announce sth / that 。例如:We regretted to announce his failure.It has been announced that there will be a celebration on Sunday.五、 Projectrise up against sth:起义反抗People rose up against the invaders(侵略者).take sth back:收回；退回；使回想起I took back my words.Take back the shirt if itdoesn t suit you.Seeing the old photos really took me